• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate tendencies on land use in the housing site development district by grasping the characteristics of changes of building use at the borders of single-detached housing area for planning single-detached housing area in the future. It is divided the borders of detached housing areas into three types, educational facility, parks and green spaces, and apartment complex, and then analyzed the characteristics of each location after a field study. It is summarized as follows. First, there were stationery and flour-based meal stores in adjacent borders near educational facilities, suitable for students' interest and motion patterns, and it is required to consider about frequent children's action in the street. Second, there are many facilities for park users and residents, such as educational institutes and restaurants in adjacent to borders near parks. In borders neighboring buffer green belt areas, warehouses and vacant sites were mainly distributed. And the revitalization of streets was lower than others, because a road was used as a parking space. Third, there were realty dealers, food stores, and laundries which provide the dwellers with service in adjacent borders near multi-family housing.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.493-505
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the regional differences of 0-12 aged children's environment based on their parents' socioeconomic class and on the character of the settlement. One thousand and two hundred households were investigated and the results are as follows. It is revealed that families in low socio-economic class are more likely to be exposed to noise and home crowdedness. Families living in spontaneous settlement are deprived of natural light and the roads to their homes are steep and narrow. Low income families face a housing affordability crisis. Most of them pay housing rent on monthly basis. The basic infrastructure of low income neighborhood is lacking convenient facilities like shopping centers, public transportation systems, banks, public parks, and libraries. This lack of facilities is more severe in spontaneous settlement. Instead, bars and taverns are located in their neighborhood. Accessibility to parks and resource centers is an important factor that makes both middle and low income families consider their neighborhood to be positive and this condition is counted better in social housing area than in spontaneous settlement. On the contrary, social networks like friends and relatives are strong in spontaneous settlement and families in poverty value these relationships. Such networks are weak in social housing area and this difference is not related to their residential period. Low income families living in social housing area are more pessimistic about their future and this view might result from their counterpart middle class neighbors and the weak social networks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Jens Jensen was an American landscape architect and early conservationist who pioneered a unique naturalistic landscape style. The purpose of the present study is to study Jensen's life, careers, design philosophy, and his contributions to the history of landscape architecture. Inspired by nature, Jensen worked closely with native plants, local materials, curvilineal and circular forms, and native scenery. His pioneering work in the Chicago's West Parks, including the design of Columbus Park and Humboldt, Garfield and Douglas Parks, was informed by his philosophical belief in the humanizing power of parks. In summary, first, Jensen played a prominent role in the creation of a unique native landscape style respecting regional landscape. Second, as a devoted conservationist and educator he organized conservation movements preserving landscape heritage and founded a education institution. Third, as a social reformer he emphasized the value of parks and nearby nature for urban citizens and children. Jensen's visions and philosophies have influenced on recent naturalistic landscape style and conservation efforts to preserve cultural landscape and natural environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.117-132
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• 2019

The study examines the significance and limits of modern park planning by analyzing major planning documents of Gyeongseong in the Japanese colonial era. Among seven selected documents from 1925 to 1940, which show the contents related with park planning, documents of 1930 and 1940 presented the official park plan of Gyeongseong. By the 1920s, the park plan was not a major concern in urban planning of Gyeongseong; however, as the planning law as enacted in 1934, the park plan legally became a part of the official master planning process in the 1930s. In 1940, the most comprehensive park plan for Gyeongseong was published. In the beginning of modern urban planning, a park was mainly perceived as a sanitation utility. From the 1920s to the 1930s, the park planning system was significantly improved including systemic classification of parks, guideline development considering spatial planning, and introduction of a concept of infra-structural green space. Despite of the improvement in the park planning, the actual quantity of the overall green spaces barely changed and there was a huge discrepancy between the planning ideal and the reality. The Gyeongseong stadium was the only facility newly built in the 1920s, and only two parks were constructed in the 1930s. The plan to build 38 new parks in the 1930, and 140 in the 1940 was barely realized. However, there were efforts to improve parks and green spaces of Gyeongseong: Such as appropriating natural forest as parks, designating royal palaces as parks, and focusing on constructing smaller scale children's parks. Even though the ideal plan could not be fully implemented due to the war time situation and tight budget, the park system of Gyeongseong provided the framework of park planning of Seoul after the independence.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.49-60
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• 2014

Kidult trend has continued to influence diverse areas such as fashion, advertisement, interior, cosmetics, and so on in the modern age. As combined word of kid and adult, a Kidult is an adult who participates in youth culture and activities traditionally intended for children. This study intends to check out how the phenomenon of Kidult trend is exhibited in fashion area as well as to develop fashion design for kidult inspired by the images shown in an amusement park. The method of study is two-fold. One is a critical review of previous literature and the other is a development of fashion design based on it. The literature study is referred to books of fashion, books of trend and data collected through internet, and design results are presented using mainly quilting and knitting techniques. The results are as follows. Firstly, a kidult fashion was expressed playful and interesting by the sensibilities of kidults that hope to return to the innocence of childhood reminiscing about the good old days. Secondly, a characteristic of the fashion design for kidults is to display the innovative and diverse design with exaggerated expression and a broad spectrum of colors. One's own unique style can be developed through memories and fantasies from fairy tales in childhood. Thirdly, themes of amusement parks were an appropriate means to show the characteristics of the kidults. A variety of characters and buildings and shapes of the rides in the amusement parks were useful for the design motive targeting for the customers with the kidult characteristics and images of fashion and accessories design. Fourthly, inspired by the amusement parks, the work in this research has presented the new kidult styles designed as various forms combining inner feelings that seek distinctive and unique styles and amusement features.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1997

Recently, The rural-pocket parks in Korea have been constructed for the recreation activities of the rural residents. The purpose of this study is to suggest planning guidelines focused on the minimum size. The methods used in this study are surveying the satisfaction of rural residents, analyzing the size of Rural-Pocket Parks recently constructed, and comparing with pocket parks in Seoul. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) The average size of rural-pocket park in Kyung-Ki province is 650square meters per village and 2.19square meters per capita. and the relation between current rural-pocket park size and the number of household can be described as The current Size of Rural-Pocket Park = 7 ㎡${\times}$ Number of Households 2) The minimum size based on the rural residents'satisfaction is 633square meters at the 62 households level, and can be described as The Size of Rural-Pocket Park = 10㎡ ${\times}$ Number of Households 3) The most required activities by the rural residents are relaxation, children's playing and sports. and the most required facilities are ‘Jung-Ja’and ‘Combined Playing facility’. 4) The size required to include the basic recreational facilities at the level of household 20, 50, 100 are 132square meters. 386square meters, 633square meters respectively. The size per household is 7square meters and can be described as 5) As conclusion about 7square meters per household is recommended for the minimum size of rural-pocket park. and at least 140square meters is required as minimum size of rural-pocket park for the basic recreational facilities. The minimum Size of Rural-Pocket Park=㎡${\times}$Number of Households

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.101-114
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• 2021

Junior Ranger is a self-directed interpretation program for young visitors at national parks in the United States. The success of this program can be largely attributed to the role of an activity book which is given an applicant free of charge at a visitor center. This study aims to analyze the main characteristics of activity books for 14 national parks' Junior Ranger and to draw some implications for Korean geomorphological education. Although the activity books are varied in size, volume and printing, all of them offer diverse activities which are composed of different contents related to park resources in four fields and are performed in different ways such as Q&A, picture and word game, and creative activity. The time-consuming activities including attendance at a ranger-led program prevent the participant from making a superficial visit to be a junior ranger. The implications of the study are as follows: Firstly, the geomorphological education for children is needed to be strongly based on field experience learning and to be more carried out using a way of game rather than conventional Q&A, suggesting that it encourages students not to lose their interest for learning. Secondly, it is also necessary for the learning contents to be focused on various resources related to landform as well as landform itself. In addition, a creative activity such as writing verse or drawing feeling should be more applied to the geomorphological education in order to enhance their effects on affective domain beyond cognitive one. It is likely to be an alternative approach to understand landform by internalizing a sense of landform.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2024

Background: Children who use playground facilities are exposed to potential risks due to the high concentration of heavy metals contained in the finishing materials of facilities in children's playgrounds. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in the finishing materials of outdoor children's playgrounds where harmful heavy metals exist in Gwangju and to conduct human risk assessment for children and adults by age to find the risks and limitations. Methods: The bottom and top layers of double-painted paint were peeled off and collected together from the finishing materials of children's play facilities such as slides, swings, and seesaws in 147 children's parks in Gwangju. Heavy metals were analyzed using ICP-OES, etc., and human risk assessment was performed using the concentrations of heavy metals. Results: Based on 1.0E-04, which requires legal regulation, CTE was found to pose a carcinogenic risk for preschool children and no carcinogenic risk for the rest of the age groups. However, RME showed that both men and women of all ages had a carcinogenic risk. For reference, when the carcinogenic risk was based on 1.0E-06, CTE was found to pose a carcinogenic risk from infants to elementary school students, and RME was found to have a carcinogenic risk in all age groups. It was judged that there is a non-carcinogenic risk if the non-carcinogenic risk exceeds 1 based on the hazard index (HI) 1. In CTE, there was no non-carcinogenic risk, and RME for preschooler males (1.49E+00) and females (1.56E+00) were found to have non-carcinogenic risk. Conclusions: This study was meaningful in that it examines the differences in the current management of heavy metals concentration standards and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to the human body and discusses the relationship between heavy metals and human health effects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 2011

Recently, the location of urban parks has become more important in terms of the construction of an environment-friendly, sustainable city. To build a refined and desirable urban park, it is necessary to have precise understanding on the evaluation of supply adequacy and selection method for its location. However, there have been few studies on the spatial imbalance and location plan of urban parks. Therefore, this study has attempted to evaluate the spatial imbalance of urban parks in Hwanggeum-dong, Suseong-gu in Daegu and propose a policy suggestion to solve the imbalance. According to the analysis, Hwanggeum 1-dong and 2-dong recorded 943.08$m^2$/GRID and 380.61$m^2$/GRID, respectively, in terms of legal requirements for urban parks and 406,730.80$m^2$ and 157,086.40$m^2$ in terms of total service supply from two neighborhood parks and four children's parks. According to the evaluation of optimal supply area across Hwanggeum-dong, Hwanggeum 1-dong and 2-dong recorded 12.3% and 51.5%, respectively. In an evaluation of the supply adequacy of urban parks, the areas described as 'very satisfying' were 20.5% and 5.4% in Hwanggeum 1-dong and 2-dong, respectively. On the contrary, the areas described as 'very dissatisfying' accounted for 27.6% and 10.8%, respectively, in the two regions. It appears that additional parks should be developed in the inferior areas in terms of urban parks in consideration of various factors such as area and shape. The results of the supply adequacy evaluation will be used as a tool to figure out and solve problems in the location of urban parks and as basic data for a master plan to build an environment-friendly, sustainable city.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.64-73
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to classify urban green space, to assess an imbalance by an administrative district (Dong), and to establish the management zone of urban green spaces for the construction of an environmental city in Changwon. The spatial data of 1:5,000 digital maps, park data in Changwon, land cover by the Ministry of Environment, and IKONOS satellite images from 2003 were used for this analysis. The assessment of the imbalance of urban green spaces was analyzed with the Lorenz curve and Gini's coefficient. The establishment of the management zone was performed by network analysis of GIS. The results of this study are as follows: the urban green spaces were classified as a park green space, a natural green space, and a riparian green space. According to the results of assessment of the imbalance of green spaces, Gini's coefficient was analyzed at higher than 0.4. Thus, the spatial imbalance of urban green spaces in Changwon was evident. The management zones to solve the imbalance were established: "rich zone", "fair zone", "poor zone" and "broken zone". Therefore, the rich and fair zones which have rich green spaces must maintain the good conditions through analysis of the green network and a survey of civic attitudes. The poor and broken zones which have poor green spaces must improve quality and quantity through creation of additional green spaces, construction of an eco-industrial park, and utilization of children's parks and pocket parks.