• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제65권2호
• /
• pp.98-107
• /
• 2022

Background: Various interventions have been tested to prevent or treat childhood obesity in South Korea. However, the overall effect of those interventions is unclear, as very few reviews and meta-analyses were specific to Korean children and adolescents. Purpose: We aimed to examine the overall effect of obesity interventions among Korean children and adolescents, while also examining differences by sex, age group, baseline weight category, intervention duration, number of intervention components, and type of intervention components. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted for all intervention studies sampling Korean children and adolescents, with at least one control group and one month of follow-up, published between January 2000 and August 2020. Cohen d was calculated as an effect size for treatment effect, using the standardized difference between intervention group's body mass index (BMI) change and control group's BMI change. Results: The final sample included 19 intervention studies with 2,140 Korean children (mean age, 12.2 years). Overall, interventions were strongly favored over their controls (d=1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.09). The subgroup analysis showed that interventions with at least one physical activity component (d=2.43; 95% CI, 1.63-3.24) were significantly better than those that did not include physical activity (d=0.02; 95% CI, -0.26 to 0.31). Conclusion: Type of intervention component appeared important, though no differential association was observed by sex, age, baseline weight category, intervention duration, and number of intervention components. Korean and non-Korean interventions may be substantively different. Additional studies are needed to understand why and how Korean interventions differ from non-Korean interventions.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.803-813
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anthropometric and blood biochemical characteristics, the dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles of obese children in Incheon. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using anthropometric measurements, biochemical assessments and questionnaire analysis. The subjects included 7,055 obese children residing in the Incheon area (from 106 elementary schools). The degree of obesity was classified using the Obesity Index (OI) as light 20% ＜ OI ＜ 30% ; Medium 30% ＜ OI ＜ 50% ; Severe 50% ＞ OI. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. Most subjects fell within the medium range of obesity. Most subjects had dietary problems such as overeating, unbalanced meals and skipping breakfast. The ratio of boy subjects eating green and yellow vegetables was lowe. when compared to that of the girl subjects. The boy subjects exercised more frequently and longer than the girls. As the Obesity Index increased, hypercholesterolemia significantly increased. The blood cholesterol levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body fat, waist/hip ratio and BMI; HDL cholesterol levels of the subjects were negatively correlated with the anthropometric data and the LDL cholesterol levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body fat. The blood triglycerides levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body weight, body fat, waist/hip ratio and BMI. Therefore, proper nutritional education and intervention are required for an improvement of obese children＇s dietary behavior, heath-related factors and blood lipid profiles.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects after having the obesity education with obese elementary school children. The subjects were made up of 31 obese children out of U elementary school in B town as experimental group, and also were selected 34 children out of S elementary school under the same circumstance as control group. They ranged from the third to sixth grades with over 30% body fat ratio. The proceeding of obesity education consisted of three stage; stage for preparation, stage for practice, and stage for finish. The stages mentioned above were put into practice in turn for eleven weeks beginning on Oct. 8, 2001 through Dec. 22, 2001, while two stages only, stage for preparation and finish, were put into practice on the control group. The contents of the education for eleven weeks obesity regulation contained counseling and taking regular exercises once a week by professional gym teacher. In order to evaluate the effects of the education, physical characteristics, body composition, physical fitness, knowledge of obesity, dietry habit and attitude were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS program, the effects of pre and post obesity education in experimintal group were measured by paired-t test. The conclusions of this study were as follows : 1. Body fat ratio was significantly reduced after obesity education in experimintal group(p=.003). 2. The height with experimental group got taller remarkably(p=.000), but weight showed no signeficance after obesity education(p=.258). 3. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness showed remarkable decrese after obesity education(p=.000), percentage body fat and body fat amount got down remarkably after obesity education(p=.000). Percentage lean body mass and lean body mass amount got down remarkably after obesity education(p=.000). 4. Body flexibility, agility and muscle endurance graded up remarkably after obesity education(p=.009, p=.000, p=.000). 5. The grade in obesity knowledge got up remarkably after obesity education(p.000), but dietry habits and its life showed no significance in figures after obesity education(p=.335, p=.112). Through the results shown above, the obesity education caused body fat ratio, physique, body composition to grade up and physical fitness elevated, while dietry habits and its life showed no significance.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.213-225
• /
• 1999

서론 : 본 연구는 아동의 놀이 습관, 기질, 부모 및 가족 환경적 요인이 아동의 비만에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 연구하여, 임상에서 비만아동 및 비만 성인을 치료할 때 활용하며 정확한 부모교육의 지침을 마련하고, 소아비만을 예방하는 대책을 강구해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 연구 대상은 서울과 천안 소재의 유치원에 다니는 만 4세에서 6세 아동 중 본 연구를 위해 고안한 설문지, 가정환경척도, 부모용 기질평가척도를 모두 답하고 신장, 체중 및 체지방율 측정이 가능했으며 특별한 과거력이 없는 260명이었다. 대상 아동들의 비만도는 한국소아의 신장별 체중 백분위의 50 퍼센타일을 이용하여 비만도(obesity index, 이하 OBI)를 계산하여 비만도가 20% 이상을 비만으로 정의하였고, 체지방 측정기기인 Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer로 측정한 체지방율이 30% 이상인 경우를 비만으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 총 대상 아동 260명중 비만으로 측정된 25명을 비만군으로 나머지 235명을 정상체중군으로 평가하였고, 비만군의 평균 체지방율은 $32.0{\pm}2.4%$이었고, 정상체중군은 $22.4{\pm}2.9$ 이었으며, 비만도는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 비만아와 정상체중아의 부모의 BMI, 학력, 직업, 월평균소득을 비교한 결과 비만아의 아버지와 어머니가 모두 유의하게 높은 교육 수준을 보였고(p<0.05). 비만아의 어머니가 직업을 가진 경우가 유의하게 많았다(p<0.05). 비만아의 어머니가 유의하게 높은 BMI를 보였다(p<0.05). 월 평균 소득은 비만아동의 가정에서 높았으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 대상 아동들의 놀이 형태를 관찰한 결과 비만아에서 TV나 비디오 시청 시간이 유의하게 길었으나(p<0.05). TV나 컴퓨터를 이용한 오락시간, 독서시간 및 장난감 가지고 노는 시간은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 정상체중군에서 실외놀이 시간이 긴 경향을 보였다(p<0.1). 부모용 기질 평가 설문지의 결과 활동성에서 비만아동이 정상체중아에 비해 유의하게 적은 활동성을 나타내었고(p<0.05), 비만아와 정상체중아에서 가정환경척도의 각 소척도를 비교해 본 결과 비만아의 가정에서 성취지향성, 지적-문화적 지향성, 도덕적-종교적 강조 소척도들의 점수가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 부모의 BMI, 부모의 학력, 월평균 소득, 비만 아동의 놀이 습관, 기질의 각 소척도 및 가정 환경척도의 각 소척도들과 비만 아동의 체지방율의 상관 관계를 살펴본 결과, TV 시청 시간이 길수록, 아동의 활동성이 적을수록, 가정환경 척도 중 성취지향적이고 지적 문화적 지향적일수록, 아버지의 학력이 높을수록, 어머니의 학력이 높을수록, 아동의 체지방율이 높았다(p<0.05). 어머니의 BMI가 클수록, 가정의 평균 월수입이 높을수록, 아버지의 BMI가 클수록, 비만 아동의 체지방이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.1). 결론 : 결론적으로 비만한 아동은 기질특성상 저 활동성이며. TV 시청 시간이 길었다. 비만아동의 부모들은 높은 교육 수준을 보였으며 비만 아동의 어머니는 BMI가 높았고, 직업을 가진 경우가 많았다. 비만아의 가정에서 성취지향성, 지적-문화적 지향성, 도덕적-종교적 강조 소척도들의 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 가정 요인이 아동의 비만에 미치는 것은 단순한 것이 아니고 유전적 요인과 동시에 행동적 요인, 심리적 요인의 복합적인 영향을 준다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 비만 아동을 치료시 아동 뿐 아니라 가족 모두의 참여와 변화가 중요하다고 볼 수 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.717-734
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify preschool children's eating behaviors associated with early childhood obesity and its multi-level, socio-ecological determinants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 364 mothers of preschool children aged 3-5 years, these children's healthy eating behaviors were assessed using a validated preschool nutrition quotient (NQ-P) questionnaire. The children's overweight or obesity statuses were determined based on body mass index percentiles from the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart. The associations between the NQ-P score and risk of overweight or obesity were examined using multivariable logistic regression. The associations of individual, maternal, physical, and media environmental factors with the NQ-P score were also examined using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Preschool children with greater NQ-P scores were at a significantly lower risk of overweight or obesity (P < 0.01). The NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with maternal body mass index and an inverse association with household income (all P < 0.05). Maternal parenting and feeding practices exhibited associations with the NQ-P score. Positive associations were observed with "warm," "structured," and "autonomy-supportive" parenting as well as monitoring feeding practices (all P < 0.05). In addition, the NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with the childcare center's anti-obesogenic environment, such as the provision of nutritional and physical-activity support and vicinity of the built food environment to the home, including access to good-quality food, fruits and vegetables, and low-fat foods (all P < 0.05). Regarding media environments, the NQ-P score demonstrated more significant associations with viewing and eating and/or cooking content displayed on online video platforms (all P < 0.05) than with that on television. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the significance of healthy eating behaviors in early-childhood-obesity prevention and underscore the importance of multilevel maternal, physical, and media environmental interventions that effectively guide eating behaviors in preschool children.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.641-650
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 취약계층 아동의 비만 형성에 대한 요인으로 식이 자기효능감, 신체적 자기효능감 및 아동이 지각하는 부모양육태도와의 관련성을 확인하므로 향후 취약계층 아동비만을 관리하는 간호중재 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 대상자는 K도 A시에 소재한 11개의 지역아동센터 방문하는 아동 중 취약계층 아동으로 본 연구에 참여하고자 부모와 아동이 함께 서면 동의한 대상자로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win(ver. 22.0)프로그램을 이용하여 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation, stepwise multiple regression을 통계 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 취약계층 아동의 비만요인으로는 식이자기효능감, 부모의 양육 태도, 가족형태·편부모가정, 부모비만여부·한 부모비만이었고, 취약계측 아동의 이들 변수의 비만요인에 대한 설명력은 32%였다. 따라서 취약계층 아동의 비만형성을 예방하기 위해 아동의 식이자기효능감을 증진시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발할 필요성이 있겠다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 향후 취약계층 아동들이 가지는 환경적요인 즉 부모양육태도, 가족형태 등을 고려한 아동과 부모가 함께 참여할 수 있는 간호중재전략개발이 필요하다는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.278-285
• /
• 2009

As children's apparel industry expands, there are many researches on purchasing and wearing children's clothing and optimal sizes, but researches on purchasing and wearing children's clothing and the appropriateness of sizes comparing average body shape and obese children are still inadequate. Therefore, in this research Late Elementary Schoolgirls ranging in age from 12 to 13 are categorized into the average or the obese body type, and by comparing and analyzing purchasing and wearing children's clothing and the appropriateness of its sizes between these groups, the problems in the size system of children's apparel are realized and the basic information about designing children's clothing for average body shape and non-average body shape(out-size)children are presented. The survey questions were composed of topics about general personal information, the purchasing practice and wearing practice, the appropriateness of its size when wearing children's clothing and the practice of mending apparel according to the satisfaction level of children's clothing sizes. Because subjects are often too big to wear children's clothing, and in the case of obese children the deviation of a body type is amplified, therefore in buying and wearing children's clothing, they demonstrate different forms of purchasing and wearing characteristics than adults. Considering the practice of increasing obesity in children due to westernized eating habits and decreased physical activities, along with developing programs for improving obesity, the development of an optimal size system in response to various body types will become an important challenge.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to identify dietary risk factors for childhood obesity. The study subjects were male children, aged 2-6years, who were enrolled in nursery schools and kindergartens. We obtained anthropometric measurements from 949 boys and dietary questionnaires from 253 boys. The subjects were classified into two groups using the BMI criteria, normal (n=200) group with the BMI below 85th percentile and the obese group with the BMI at 85th percentile and above (n=53). The logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (OR) for obesity were, birth weight greater than 4.0㎏ (3.27) , increased meal speed (4.98) , the frequency of overeating more than twice a week (2.63), the consumption of cooked rice more than one bowl per meal (2.77), the consumption of milk and dairy products less than 5 times a week (2.81), and increased maternal meal speed (1.98). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the variables which contribute to obesity significantly were birth weight greater than 4.0 ㎏ (OR 5.19), the frequency of overeating more than twice a week (OR 2.51) , the consumption of cooked rice more than one bowl per meal (OR 2.74), and the consumption of milk and dairy products less than 5 times a week (OR 4.43) (p＜0.0001) . The results of this study indicate that dietary habits of both children and of their mothers as well as child's birth weight are important variables that contribute to childhood obesity. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 123-131, 2004)

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2010

Objectives This study was performed to figure out relations of self-esteem, anxiety and the other factors related with obesity in obese children. Methods Forty-two children(21 boys and 21 girls) those who were diagnosed obesity have been recruited. To assess psychological factors, Self-esteem inventory(SEI), Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale(RCMAS), International Physical Activity Questionnaires(IPAQ), Korean Eating Attitudes Test(KEAT-26) and Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) were administered. Behavioral characteristics were also analyzed. Results Self-esteem(SEI) had significant positive relationship with physical activity(IPAQ) and sleeping time. Self-esteem had significant negative relationship with anxiety(RCMAS), eating disorder(KEAT-26) and watching TV time. Anxiety had significant positive relationship with eating disorder(KEAT-26) and watching TV time, and negative relationship with physical activity(IPAQ) and sleeping time. All of participants seemed to be having depressive tendency. Conclusion Self-esteem and anxiety were significantly related. And eating disorder, physical activity, sleeping time and watching tv also affected to the self-esteem and anxiety of obese children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a weight control program on anthropometric values, serum lipid profiles and nutrient intakes. The subjects of this study were 38 obese children (boy : 17, girl : 21) with obesity index over 120%. The weight control program for obese children included nutritional education (50 min) and exercise (50 min) for 10 weeks. The nutrition intakes of the children were surveyed before and after the weight control program by 24hr recall test. The BMI, R$\ddot{o}$hrer Index, Obesity Index, WHR (Waist - Hip ratio) and body fat(%) were significantly decreased after completion of the weight control program. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of subjects were significantly increased after the weight control program. Distribution of serum lipid profiles was slightly changed. The energy intakes were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). from 1760.8 kcal to 1435.2 kcal. In addition, the intakes of P, Zn, retinol, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin E and niacin were significantly decreased. while intakes of vitamin C and folate were increased. Calcium and folic acid were upper 25% of subjects, under EAR(Estimated Average Requirements) intake before the weight control program. The distribution of energy intakes was significantly changed into positive status; fat percentage was decreased 26.3% to 22.1% (p < 0.01). Carbohydrate was increased 58.6% to 61.2% (p < 0.05). Meal distribution of energy intakes was changed; calorie percentage from lunch significantly increased from 32.2% to 38.3%. Calorie percentage from snack significantly decreased from 17.7% to 13.5%. In conclusion, weight control program for 10 weeks is effective in obesity index and nutrient intakes although serum lipid values were a little changed.