• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

This study analyzes the present condition of the elements of a healing environment of the waiting rooms in outpatient clinics of children' hospitals (3 hospitals in Seoul) so as to propose a design to build a healing environment within the children' hospital. And analyzing the importance, satisfaction and preference of the healing environment in the waiting rooms, this paper has come to the following conclusions: 1)The study shows that the space structure of outpatient clinics in children' hospitals are composed of 1 story or 2 stories and designed in a duplication design or a dispersed alcove design. 2)The waiting room of the SC Hospital, with an area of 66.56$m^2$, and the waiting room of the SU Hospital, with an area of 38.78$m^2$ received the highest score for its space. 3)As most patients visit the hospital with their guardian, the waiting room should also be someplace families can rest and share information with others. 4)It is essential to build an environment that eliminates stress elements that patients may come to face by minimizing noise and elements that obstruct the view for mental stability. 5)The results show that those who took part in the survey preferred the following, respectively, healing environment design for the waiting room in the outpatient clinic at children' hospital: Pleasantness>Easiness in finding one' destination>Artificial materials>Natural materials>Environment like that at home>Co-promotion spaces>Space that supports the patients'activities>Openness>Sociality>Safety/Security>Approachability and Privacy. The results also show that healing conditions respect these preferences.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2022

아동은 병원이라는 특수 환경에 들어간 초기부터 상당한 심리적 공포심을 느끼게 되기 때문에 병원의 환경 구축에 아동의 심리적 정서를 고려해야 한다. 본 연구는 아동병원의 대기공간을 중심으로 아동의 심리적 공포 요인을 파악하고, 아동의 감성적 반응을 이끄는 3가지 단계와 7가지 감성 요소를 탐색하며, 이를 병원의 환경 그래픽 디자인에 적용하여 개선방향을 모색하였다. 또한 국내외 대표 아동병원에 대한 사례분석을 통해 아동병원의 환경 그래픽 디자인 유형을 현대적 디자인, 일러스트레이션을 이용한 디자인, 입체적 디자인, 인터랙션을 이용한 디자인으로 분류하고, 감성 요소를 포함시켜 평가 및 논의하였다. 평가결과, 현대적 디자인에는 감성 요소가 거의 없고, 일러스트레이션을 이용한 디자인과 입체적 디자인은 감각과 경험이 부족하기에 감성 요소가 비교적 적으며, 인터랙션을 이용한 디자인은 전반적으로 아동에게 좋은 감각과 경험을 주는 감성 요소가 많았다. 결론에서는 이러한 평가결과를 바탕으로 아동병원 대기공간의 환경 그래픽 디자인가이드를 제안하였다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.90-104
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• 2000

Background : This study was designed to assess the effects of information on the satisfaction of parents and families whose children underwent elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room. Methods : We measured parent and family satisfaction with information given before and after offering informational interventions. The data were collected from 510 patients parents and families whose children had undergone elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul. South Korea. The data collection ran from May 3. 1999 to May 30. 1999 and from September 6, 1999 to September 30, 1999. The research instrument consisted of four categories (pre-operative period, intra-operative period, post-operative period, others) and 24 questionnaires. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results : The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Before surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of the necessary preparation for the surgery (6.0%), the time the patient would enter the operating room (20.6%), the operative procedure (2.0%), and the use of the waiting room (10.0%). 2. During the operation, the satisfaction with the situation board (15.1%), public announcements in the waiting room (8.4%), and the answering of the families questions (12.2%) was increased. however, the satisfaction with the surgeons explanations of the surgical outcomes decreased by 8.3%, even though the frequency of these explanations increased by 5%. 3. After surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of patient's status of recovery(10.3%) the time the patient would be moved from the recovery room (17.6%), how the patient would be transferred to the ward (19.2%), and post-operative care (6.3%). Conclusion : Based upon the above findings, we concluded that pre-, intra-, and post-operative informational interventions were effective in increasing the satisfaction of the parents and families of children undergoing elective surgery.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to describe utilization status of emergency medical service for children at one university affiliated hospital located in Seoul. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients under 13 years of age who visited the ER from January 1 to December 31, 2006. Method: Medical records missing the time of discharge were excluded in the analysis of waiting time, which resulted in 19,766 cases. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 14.0 version. Result: There were slightly more boys (58.4%), average age of the children was 3.97 years of age. More children at the aged 1 to 3 years (51.3%) visited the ER. Fever was the most frequent complaint: 5,180 cases (24.38%). The other complaints were head or facial laceration (10.55%), vomiting (9.63%), abdominal pain (8.06%), cough (7.67%), and painful limb swelling (6.34%). Average waiting time before the first medical examination was 17 minutes, and average ER stay time was 3 hours and 23 minutes. Conclusion: The results suggest the need to assign a nurse specialist for pediatric ER to provide more efficient care for the children. Also, extra staff assignment during the evening shift or extending office hours of local pediatricians should be considered.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a descriptive research to provide fundamental data in ensuring a high quality of nursing service needed by children's parent according to perception of uncertainty and care satisfaction of them between pediatric outpatient department and emergency room. Methods: For this study, 192 children's parents were questioned in a general hospital located in Busan from August 1 to 31. 2009. The collected data were scored by use of frequencies, $x^2$ test, t-test, AONVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient via SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: With the compare of characteristics related to children's parents visiting emergency room and pediatric outpatient department, there were statistically significant difference in relation and age of parent, main caregiver, cause of arrival, and waiting time from arrival to procedure. The perception of uncertainty for parent in the emergency room showed significant difference to outpatient department. In nursing service, the highest score was category of professional skill and technic. In addition, overall parents' perceptions on providing information showed lower than any other nursing service. Last but not least, a significant correlation indicated between the perception of uncertainty and satisfaction of nursing service. Conclusion: Efforts to improve parent satisfaction for nursing service are needed to decrease their perception of uncertainty. Providing information and communication by nurses are necessary to improve quality of nursing service.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2021

Background: This study assessed anticipatory dental anxiety levels among 8- to 12-year-old children based on subjective and physiological measures and their correlation. The variations in anxiety based on sex, age, temperament, and academic performance were evaluated. Methods: An observational study was conducted in 60 children recruited from the waiting room over a 6-month period. The operator recorded subjective anxiety in the children using a novel visual facial anxiety scale. The operator also noted the demographic details and child's temperament using the nine dimensions of the Thomas and Chess criteria, and graded children as "easy," "slow to warm-up," and "difficult." The academic performance of the children was graded (parental ratings) on a five-point Likert scale. Physiological variables (heartrate [HR], oxygen saturation[SpO2], and blood pressure [BP]) were recorded by another evaluator. The correlation between anxiety levels and physiological variables was also assessed. The effects of age, sex, temperament, and academic performance on anxiety were evaluated. Results: The study included 60 children aged 8-12 years, including 36 boys and 24 girls. Seventy percent of children had mild to moderate levels of pre-extraction anxiety, while 30% of children demonstrated high anxiety. A significant positive correlation was noted between anxiety levels and HR (rs = 0.477, P < 0.001⁎) and systolic BP (rs = 0.294, P < 0.05), while a significant but inverse correlation was observed with SpO2 (rs = -0.40, P < 0.05). Anxiety did not influence diastolic BP. Children with difficult temperament and poor academic performance had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusion: A high percentage (70%) of children aged 8-12 years had mild to moderate anxiety prior to the extraction procedure. Increased HR, systolic BP, and reduced SpO2 were significantly associated with high levels of anticipatory dental anxiety. Pre-extraction anxiety was significantly related to the temperament and scholastic performance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2007

목 적 : 소아의 발달 장애는 조기에 발견하면 조기 치료가 가능하게 되어 치료 효과가 높아지고 후유 장애를 최소화할 수 있다. 발달 장애의 조기 발견을 위하여 기존에 사용해 오던 정식 발달 선별검사는 대부분 시간이 오래 걸리고, 복잡하며, 의료인력이 추가로 필요하기 때문에 바쁜 소아과 외래에서 모든 소아에게 적용하기는 어렵다. 기존의 발달검사 대신에 부모가 작성한 내용을 토대로 평가하는 발달 설문 양식들 중 Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)는 60개월 이전의 소아의 발달 선별을 목적으로 개발된 검사이다. 본 연구의 목적은 소아과 외래에서 시행하는 발달 지연의 선별 도구로서 ASQ의 타당성을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 성모병원 소아과 외래를 방문한 소아의 부모에게 진료 전 대기 시간 동안 한국형 ASQ (K-ASQ)를 완성하도록 하였다. 설문지를 완성한 총 150명 중 만삭 출생아이며 이전에 발달지연의 진단을 받은 적이 없고, 기타 선천성 기형, 경련성 질환을 포함한 신경학적 이상, 유전성 질환의 경력이 없는 소아 67명을 대상으로 하였다. K-ASQ는 각 영역별로 평균에서 2 표준편차(SD) 아래 점수보다 낮으면 "실패"로 판정하며, 한 발달 분야 이상에서 "실패"가 있는 경우를 "선별검사 양성"으로 하였다. 최종 발달평가는 Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II)를 사용하여 판단하였으며, 지능 혹은 운동발달 지수가 평균보다 -1 SD 미만인 경우는 발달지연으로 판정하였다. K-ASQ의 결과를 BSID-II와 비교하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 대상아의 평균 연령은 $16.4{\pm}7.4$개월($6{\pm}30$개월 범위, 중앙치 14개월)이었다. 10명(14.9%)은 출생 시 부당경량아였으며, 평균 출생체중 $3.1{\pm}0.6kg$, 재태기간 $38.8{\pm}1.4$주이었다. 9명(13.4%)이 쌍생아였고, 33명(49.0%)이 남아였다. 대상 소아들의 모친의 평균 교육 기간은 $13.6{\pm}2.4$년, 53명(79.1%)이 고등학교 졸업 이상의 학력을 가졌고, 21명(31.3%)이 정규직 근무자였다. ASQ 설문지를 완성하는데 평균 $10.2{\pm}3.0$분이 소요되었다. (2) 17명(25.4%)이 ASQ 선별검사 양성이었는데, 그 중 4명은 발달이 지연되었고, 나머지 13명의 발달은 정상이었다. BSID-II로 판정한 발달 지연아 8명 중 4명은 ASQ 선별검사에서 양성이었고, 다른 4명은 선별검사 음성이었다. ASQ 선별검사 음성인 50명 중 4명이 발달지연으로 판단되었다. (3) BSID-II와 비교한 K-ASQ의 민감도(sensitivity)는 50.0%, 특이도(specificity) 78.0%, 양성 예측치 (positive predictive value) 23.5%, 음성 예측치(negative predictive value)는 92.0%로 나타났다. 결 론 : K-ASQ는 높은 음성 예측치를 보여 소아과 외래에서 소아 발달 지연의 선별 도구로서 사용하는 것이 타당한 것으로 판단되었다.