• 시큐리티연구
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• 제17호
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• pp.255-276
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• 2008

민간조사업의 주체는 다양한 서비스를 제공한다는 측면에서는 자연인, 법인 모두를 허가해야 되지만 공익성을 확보라는 측면위해서는 경비업법과 마찬가지로 법인으로 해야 할 것이며 허가제로 시행해야 할 것이다. 민간조사업 도입범위는 개인과 기업을 대상으로 하는 가출인 미아에 대한 소재 확인 조사, 특정인이나 특정집단의 신원확인, 습관, 행동방식, 동기, 소재파악, 친자확인, 교제, 거래, 명성, 성격 등을 조사, 실종된 자 또는 귀속되거나 포기된 재산의 소유자 및 부동산의 상속인 등의 소재확인 조사, 분실 또는 절취 된 재산의 행방조사, 화재, 명예훼손, 비방, 손해, 사고, 신체장애, 부동산이나 동산에 대한 침해의 원인 조사, 교통사고, 보험사고, 의료사고 등 각종사고에 대한 조사, 저작권침해 등으로 규정할 수 있다. 자격시험에 있어서는 25세 이상이 바람직 할 것이며, 1차 시험 면제자는 타 자격증과의 형평성을 고려하여 관련분야 경력 10년 이상인 자로 해야 할 것이다. 감독기관에 있어서는 민간조사업과 프랑스(경찰), 일본(공안위원회) 등 다수의 국가들이 경찰기관이 감독기관인 점과 민간조사업 업무의 성격이 경찰과의 관련이 높다는 점을 고려하면 경찰청이 감독기관이 되어야 한다. 벌칙에 있어서 특히, 개인정보에 대한 관리를 명확히 하여 고객의 기본권 침해를 방지해야 한다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the level of learning disabilities reflected in the written expression and writing performance of at-risk children with ADHD, (2) to investigate the level of differences in writing learning disabilities and writing performance depending on ADHD subtypes, and (3) to explore the error types and contents in the written expression of at-risk children with ADHD. The participants in this study were 46 upper grade elementary school children. They were firstly screened by teacher nomination, and only participants with a K-ARS score of over 17 were then selected to be among the 46 children involved in this study. Two further tests were then carried out : K-LDES as an index of learning disabilities in written expression and BASA-writing as an index of writing performance. The results showed that the at-risk children with ADHD possibly had comorbid writing learning disabilities. They were significantly different in terms of the number of total syllables, errors and correct syllables that they produced, in comparison to normal children. But there were no differences as regards the level of learning disabilities in terms of written expression and writing performance based on ADHD subtypes. As regards the implications of these results for future research, we suggested that there is a need for the identification of comorbid writing learning disabilities in ADHD assessment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.683-692
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify cancer-related symptom clusters and to validate the conceptual meanings of the revealed symptom clusters in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey and methodological study. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (N=194) were recruited from a medical center in Seoul. The 20-item Symptom Checklist was used to assess patients' symptom severity. Selected symptoms were factored using principal-axis factoring with varimax rotation. To validate the revealed symptom clusters, the statistical differences were analyzed by status of patients' performance status, Child-Pugh classification, and mood state among symptom clusters. Results: Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom (97.4%), followed by lack of energy and stomach discomfort. Patients' symptom severity ratings fit a four-factor solution that explained 61.04% of the variance. These four factors were named pain-appetite cluster, fatigue cluster, itching-constipation cluster, and gastrointestinal cluster. The revealed symptom clusters were significantly different for patient performance status (ECOG-PSR), Child-Pugh class, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: Knowing these symptom clusters may help nurses to understand reasonable mechanisms for the aggregation of symptoms. Efficient symptom management of disease-related and treatment-related symptoms is critical in promoting physical and emotional status in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.868-876
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• 2015

실내 공기 중 부유세균은 실내공기오염을 유발하고 재실자의 건강상 위해를 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구는 다중이용시설을 대상으로 주요목적으로 사용되는 실내에서 부유세균의 농도와 세균의 종류를 동정하고 실내공기오염물질 중 부유세균에 대한 기초정보 제공을 목적으로 한다. 노인시설 7개소 (노인요양시설, 노인전문병원, 복지관 포함), 대규모점포 4개소, 대학병원 4개소, 어린이집 7개소 (유치원, 어린이집, 보육원 포함), 지하역사 4개소 및 버스터미널 4개소 등 총 30개소 120개 지점에서 총부유세균의 농도를 측정 분석하고 세균의 종류를 동정하였다. 모든 시설군에서 측정된 실내 부유세균의 농도는 유지기준 $800CFU/m^3$이하 이었으나, I/O비가 1.09-2.36으로 실내의 총부유세균의 농도가 실외에 비해 높았고, 어린이집, 대학병원, 노인시설에서 동정된 세균의 종류별 높은 검출빈도 보였다. 국내 다중이용시설의 주요목적에 따른 실내 부유세균에 대한 지속적 관찰이 필요하며, 특히 어린이집, 대학병원, 노인시설 등에 대한 관심이 요구되고, 추후 배양 가능한 세균 뿐 아니라 알레르겐 등을 포함한 미생물학적 실내오염물질에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2003

This study is designed to produce basic data on the nursing intervention between infants and mothers after discharge from hospitals. This research is carried by investigating the nursing intervention during their after-delivery staying in the hospitals located in Pusan. The object of this study includes the neonatal wards of 51 hospitals. Data collection was carried from the 3rd of September, 2001 to the 4th of October in the same year. Tools for measurement using in this research is the nursing checklist designed by these researchers. The data were analyzed by using SPSS and the output was produced in frequency and percentage considering general characteristics and nursing activities. On the course of investigation, it was revealed that the average number of items checked are as follows; total beds in one hospital came up to 360.1, the beds in each newborn infant ward came up to 36.1, in each ward the numbers of incubators came up to 9.2 and intensive care unit to 1.7. In each ward 8.4 nurses and 2.9 nurse aids were working at that time. In each hospital, secure of air way, physical examination, eye care, umbilical cord care, maintenance of body temperature, identification of infant, nutritive condition, safety and danger management, infection management, mother-infantile interaction, medical assistant to doctor, medication and discharge education were comparatively well done. But, in case of emotional, social and cognitive aspect of nursing activities through interactions between newborn infants and nurses as substitutes are not reached to the adequate level. In the end, this study hereby suggests that further investigation on the device to facilitate the interaction between newborn infant and nurse as a nursing intervention of high quality.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.350-358
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• 2014

목적 본 연구는 미숙아에게 발달관련 합병증을 예방하고 최적의 성장발달을 촉진하기위한 발달지지간호 개념을 탐색하기위해 시도되었다. 방법 Schwartz-Barcott와 Kim (2000)의 개념 분석 방법을 사용하였으며 이론적 단계, 현장작업 단계, 최종분석 단계에 따라 개념을 분석하였다. 현장작업단계에서는 참여자와 심층면담방법을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 결과 발달지지간호 개념의 속성은 간호실무차원과 가족중심차원인 2차원으로 구분될 수 있으며, 간호실무차원은 자궁 내 환경 따라가기, 상호작용, 개별화, 발달에 대한 인식을 간호에 통합 등의 4가지 속성으로 도출되었으며, 가족중심차원은 전문적인 협력, 부모-아기 애착지지인 2가지 속성으로 도출되었다. 결론 본 연구에서는 혼종모형을 사용한 개념분석을 통해 미숙아 발달지지간호에 대한 6가지 속성을 추출하였다. 아직 명확하게 제시되지 않은 미숙아 발달지지간호에 대한 개념정의를 제시함으로써 미숙아 발달지지간호 관련 이론 개발 및 실무 증진에 활용될 수 있다고 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between depression, attachment and addiction problems in runaway youths. Methods: We sent a questionnaire package to 187 runaway youths in 18 adolescent shelters. The questionnaire package collected their sociodemographic data and included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPA), Korean Internet Addiction Self-Scale (K-Scale), Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Korean version of the $Fagerstr{\ddot{o}}m$ Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results: The percentage of youth with depression was 28.8% (N=54). In the depression group, there were significantly more problematic alcohol users (53.06%, p=.0199) and significantly lower IPA scores (p=.0064). There was a significant negative correlation between depression and a IPA, and significant positive correlation between depression and the K-Scale. Conclusion: These results suggest that runaway youths with depression have more problematic alcohol drinking and attachment problems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Kerala, South India, with the incidence increasing in the past two decades, also in young women. However, there are limited data regarding the burden of disease, its epidemiology and histopathological characteristics in the state. Materials and Methods: This desciptive study covered 303 breast cancers evaluated during the period of December 2011 to August 2013 in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam.The patients were also interviewed regarding selected risk factors. Results: The majority of the cases were 41-60 years of age with a mean at presentation of 53 years. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common subtype, followed by pure mucinous carcinoma and then lobular carcinoma. Of the cases, 6.6% were nullipara and 52.8% had fewer than or equal to 2 children. Median age at first child birth was 23 years (national value-19.8 years). A significant proportion (15%) had family history of breast cancer. Some 13.5%(41 cases) comprised the young breast cancer group (${\leq}40$years) with a mean age at first child birth in them was 27.4 years, 5 being nullipara and 6 having a positive family history. Conclusions: Breast cancer awareness, better availability of screening techniques and identification and targeting high risk groups all help to tackle the increasing load of breast carcinoma. A good proportion of cases comprised the young breast cancer group (under 40). Younger women should thus also be educated about breast carcinoma-risk factors, symptoms and diagnostic techniques to help in early detection and effective approach esto treatment.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.469-501
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• 2000

In the literature study on the cerebral palsy, the results were as follows : 1. Cerebral palsy is defined as a disorder of movement and posture due to a defect or lesion of the immature brain. For practical purposes it is useful to exclude from cerebral palsy those disorders of posture and movement which are of short duration, due to a progressive disease due solely to mental deficiency. 2. Cerebral Palsy is classified with quadriplegia, diplegia, hemi plegia, triplegia, and monoplegia or spastic CP, athetoid CP, ataxic CP, and combined classifications 3. Causes of Cerebral Palsy is any damage to the developing brain, whether caused by genetic or developmental disorders. And it is classified with prenatal.natal and postnatal causes. 4. Management consists of helping the child achieve maximum potential in growth and development. This should be started as early as possible with identification of the very young child who may have a developmental disorder. Certain medications, surgery, and braces may be used to improve nerve and muscle coordination and prevent dysfunction. 5. The aim of treatment is to encourage children and adults to learn to be as independent as possible. Some children and adults who have mild cerebral palsy will have no problems in achieving independence 6. Oji(五遲), Oyeon(五軟) and Okyeong(五硬) have the simmiar concepts with the cerebral palsy. 7. Oji(五遲) Oyeon(五軟) and Okyeong(五硬) are caused by seoncheon-pumbu-bujok(先天稟賦不足) and related with gan(肝), bi(脾) and sin(腎). 8. The treatment is achieved by the method of bogansin(補肝腎), ganggeungol(强筋骨) and boiungikki(補中益氣). And jihwanghwan(地黃丸) has been used most frequently.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2020

Exposure to environmental factors can cause interstitial lung diseases (ILDs); however, such types of ILDs are rare. From 2007 to 2011, an ILD epidemic occurred in South Korea owing to inhalational exposure to toxic chemicals in humidifier disinfectants (HDs). HD-associated ILDs (HD-ILDs) are characterized by rapidly progressing respiratory failure with pulmonary fibrosis and a high mortality rate of 43.8%-58.0%. Although 18.1%-31.1% of the general population used HDs, only a small proportion of HD users were diagnosed with HD-ILDs. This finding suggests that investigation of the pathophysiologies underlying HD-ILDs is needed in addition to the identification of susceptibility to HD-ILDs. Further, there have been several concerns regarding the diverse health effects of exposure to toxic chemicals in HDs, including those that have not been identified, and long-term prognoses in terms of pulmonary function and residual pulmonary lesions observed on follow-up chest images. In this review, we summarize the clinical features, pathologic findings, and changes in radiologic findings over time in patients with HD-ILDs and the results of previous experimental research on the mechanisms underlying the effects of toxic chemicals in HDs. Studies are currently underway to identify the pathophysiologies of HD-ILDs and possible health effects of exposure to HDs along with the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. The experience of identification of HD-ILDs has encouraged stricter control of safe chemicals in everyday life.