• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the current difficulties surrounding children's obesity management and evaluate the application of a mobile phone as a tool to overcome such difficulties of obesity management from the perspective of main caregivers of elementary school students. Methods: The qualitative data were collected through 3 focus group interviews including 6 full-time housewives, 7 mothers with overweight children, and 4 working mothers. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: The limitations of current children's obesity management included difficulty in diet management and exercise as well as challenges of setting goals and lack of support at the household and school levels. Mobile technology may be useful to overcome the current problems by providing real-time knowledge on diet management and physical activity, online compensation scheme according to goal setting, and interactive environmental supports at both household and school levels for promoting overall health. Conclusions: The mobile-based multiple support program may assist in overcoming the current limitations of child obesity management by providing tailored information and by creating a more supportive environment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 2019

This study investigates factors that impact dating relationship stability(DRS) among college students by applying two key concepts from the Interdependence Theory suggested by Kelly & Thibaut (1978; Thibaut & Kelly, 1959), the comparison level(CL) and comparison level for alternatives($CL_{alt}$). This study also examined mediating effects of commitment on the relationship between CL and DRS and $CL_{alt}$ and DRS. The research used a survey data set drawn from 327 college students currently involved in a dating relationship. The collected data set was then analyzed using SPSS software ver. 23.0 and AMOS software ver. 25.0, to produce the descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and path analysis with bootstrapping. First, both CL and $CL_{alt}$ had a significant direct impact on DRS. In terms of effect size, CL's effect size was comparatively larger than $CL{_{alt}}'s$. The mediating effects from the commitment were evidenced. In the model, the commitment partially mediated the relationships between CL and DRS, and $CL_{alt}$ and DRS. The findings suggest that commitment still plays a key role in dating relationships among college students who currently have a romantic partner. The findings of this study show the possibilities in applying the concepts and theory of interdependence to explain current dating relationships among young adults.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.158-161
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• 2019

Objective: Attentional focus is one of the critical factors that has consistently been demonstrated to enhance motor performance and motor skill. Focusing attention on the inside of the body while engaging in a particular exercise is called internal focus (IF) and focus on the external environment is called external focus (EF). The purpose of this study was to identify effects of IF and EF of attention on postural balance in healthy school-aged children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-four healthy school-aged children participated in this study. School-aged children was defined as children ages 8-12 years old. They performed the one-legged standing with EF (focusing on the marker at the level of participants' chest and 150 cm away), IF (focusing the supporting feet), and control (no instruction) respectively. The order of the focus condition was randomly selected. The center of pressure (COP) range, distance, and velocity was measured to compare the effects of applying different attentional focuses in the three conditions. Results: The results of our study show that differences in COP range, distance, and velocity among groups were not significant between the different attentional focuses, although all variables of EF were smaller than IF. It is postulated that the reason for this may be that school school-aged children between 8-12 years old go through a transitional phase from IF to EF in effective motor learning. Conclusions: These findings reveal that the type of attentional focus did not have any effect on postural balance in healthy school-aged children.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5723-5743
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• 2018

The evolving internet-based services demand high-speed data transmission in conjunction with scalability. The next generation optical network has to exploit artificial intelligence and cognitive techniques to cope with the emerging requirements. This work proposes a novel way to solve the dynamic provisioning problem in optical network. The provisioning in optical network involves the computation of routes and the reservation of wavelenghs (Routing and Wavelength assignment-RWA). This is an extensively studied multi-objective optimization problem and its complexity is known to be NP-Complete. As the exact algorithms incurs more running time, the heuristic based approaches have been widely preferred to solve this problem. Recently the software-defined networking has impacted the way the optical pipes are configured and monitored. This work proposes the dynamic selection of path computation algorithms in response to the changing service requirements and network scenarios. A software-defined controller mechanism with a novel packet matching feature was proposed to dynamically match the traffic demands with the appropriate algorithm. A software-defined controller with Path Computation Element-PCE was created in the ONOS tool. A simulation study was performed with the case study of dynamic path establishment in ONOS-Open Network Operating System based software defined controller environment. A java based NOX controller was configured with a parent path computation element. The child path computation elements were configured with different path computation algorithms under the control of the parent path computation element. The use case of dynamic bulk path creation was considered. The algorithm selection method is compared with the existing single algorithm based method and the results are analyzed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-379
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate what factors affect cyber-delinquency after examining the previous research focusing on the general strain theory and the delinquency opportunity theory in the existing studies. And as adolescents move from middle school to high school, this study is intended to analyze what factors affect cyber-delinquency from a longitudinal perspective using KCYPS(Korea Child and Youth Panel Survey) elementary 4th grade fourth and seventh data. The adolescence cyber-delinquency probability of occurrence were analyzed through the panel logit fixed-effect model using STATA. And then the cyber-delinquency frequency of adolescents were analyzed through the panel tobit random-effect model. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting cyber-delinquency frequency, Adult media commitment, computer use time, and cell phone dependency increased cyber-delinquency frequency. On the other hand, among the parenting attitudes, the attitude of supervising attentively and adolescents' age-increasing decreased cyber-delinquency frequency.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

The growth accelerator period from a child's body into an adult body is a huge transition characterized by rapid growth in the near term. Body shape changes at this time of growth should be continually studied because they can result in different outcomes due to various variables. This study is basic study for the production of a junior brassiere patternmaking was conducted to separate the upper torso and breasts of adolescents by growth level. Analysis was conducted by age classification according to sales trends. In this study. 3D body shape data of Korean girls, Based on the 6th Size Korea data, analyzed statistically the upper body and breast according to the rate of growth. The results of this study represent the basis for the development of a junior brassiere to help lead a better life in regards to clothing. The study used 3D-data from girls aged 13 to 18. The analysis indicates that the upper body is in a different shape at age 15 with an increasing circumference, width and shoulder length of the chest; in addition, the sides are analyzed differently, suggesting that the brassiere configuration should be made differently at age 15. The breast form also showed different growth patterns at age 13 and the result was that the shape of the cup in brassiere should be configured differently depending on type.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.225-241
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• 2019

This study develops and validates an objective scale to measure newspaper use at home by elementary school students and parents. We developed a preliminary scale of 59 items through the review of literature on newspaper use and mediation as well as the examination of content validity by education experts. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. A total of 42 items were supported by 703 parents with students in grades 1-6 using exploratory factor analysis. The model included 3 categories and 9 sub-factors: instruction (modeling, restriction, and text instruction), activities (play activity, conversation, online mediation, and scrap activity), and belief (academic achievement and information acquisition). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed and validated the model fit; in addition, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and cross validity was confirmed through correlation analysis by gender comparison and grade comparison. We also verified the validity of this scale through correlation analysis based on Yu and Jung (2012)'s newspaper mediation variables and scale in regards to children's motivation for using newspapers. Finally, internal consistency reliability and half reliability were also confirmed. In conclusion, the suitability and stability of home newspaper utilization scale for elementary students (HNUS-E) were confirmed. This scale provides parents and educators with ideas for the development of the children's literacy, cognitive, and affective domains that can be effectively used in research on newspaper use for school-aged children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.589-601
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• 2018

This study explored the internal world through sandplay therapy for an elementary school boy who had social and emotional difficulties of poor peer relations, anxiety and withdrawal. This study examined the changing processes of sandboxes, how a boy expressed his internal world by the content themes in sandplay according to Turner (2009) based on analytical psychology and sandplay theories. There were 72 sessions. The initial phase was 1-6 (The beginning of war) expressing confusing wars as the start of a long internal journey. The intermediate phase was 7-55 (Struggle), dividing by phase I 7-18 (Hero's fight I), phase II 19-36 (Hero's fight II), phase III 37-48 (Seeking for a male identity), and phase IV 49-55 (Centering). The client identified himself as a teenaged hero and expressed the conflict between good and bad, between death and rebirth and struggled for seeking treasures in the fight of heroes. He found identity as a male by finding a sense of existence, establishing order in the middle of confusion, and expressing strong and rational masculinity. The final phase was 56-72 (The winner of the struggle). In the fights repeating, he expressed an adventurous and positive male energy such as racing, speed contests and a union in the opposites of hero and heroine as well as the birth of a new conscious. This study provides a basic knowledge of educational guidance in school and counseling fields by expanding the understanding of a boy's unconsciousness.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the perception of pre-service early childhood teachers regarding play-oriented education through metaphorical analysis, in order to comprehend its meaning that pre-service early childhood teachers perceive. A questionnaire was used, which asked the participants to express play metaphorically and provide reasons for their choices. The collected data were analyzed using a systematic metaphorical analysis approach. The results revealed that the metaphorical expressions of pre-service early childhood teachers regarding play-oriented education were categorized as instructional methods being the most prominent, followed by environment, enjoyment/happiness, autonomy, growth and development, interactive relationships, child-directedness, the essence of life, interest, creativity, potential, variability, everyday life, ambiguity of beginnings and endings, naturalness, and others. Based on these findings, it is expected that one can attain insights regarding the methods of training pre-service early childhood teachers on how to implement play-centered education in the revised Nuri curriculum.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.273-277
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• 2023

Background: The clinical characteristics of pediatric nasal fractures can vary depending on the child's age, social activities, and environment. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze these characteristics in different age groups. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed of a series of patients aged under 12 years who received treatment between 2013 and 2021. The initial study design involved dividing the patients into four age groups, corresponding to different developmental ages, but there were no cases in infants aged 0 to 1 year. Therefore, the patients were divided into three groups: group I, between 2 and 5; group II, between 6 and 9; and group III, between 10 and 12 years of age. The following parameters were evaluated: sex, age, etiology, fracture type and severity, and the incidence of septal injuries. Results: In total, 98 patients were included in this study. In group III, the ratio of boys to girls was 3.88:1, exceeding the overall ratio of 1.97:1. The most common cause varied with age: slipping down in group I, bumping accidents in group II, and sports accidents in group III. Concomitant septal injuries were present in 4.17% of patients in group I, 5.71% of patients in group II, and 28.21% of patients in group III. Conclusion: Increasing age was accompanied by a greater tendency for male predominance and a higher prevalence of sports-related causes and septal injuries. Violence was infrequent but started to become a contributing factor during school age. These varying environmental factors across age groups can offer valuable insights into the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of pediatric nasal bone fractures.