• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.169-188
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Bunsimgi-eum on the chest discomfort of Hwa-byung's major symptom. Methods : In this randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study, we planned to give Bunsimgi-eum or controlled medication for major symptoms of Hwa-byung. As preparatory research, 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for chest discomfort, the Hwa-byung' major symptom was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Likert scale for major symptom of Hwa-byung, Korean State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI-K), Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-K), Korean Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI-K) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV) were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument at the before treatment. Results : Clinical characteristics-vital signs & demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between both groups. The characteristics of disease-chief complaint, pattern Identification, period, etiological factor, etc, also showed no significant difference between both groups. There were almost no Coincidence between pattern identification & weight of Hwa-byung's major symptoms. The results of Chest PA, EKG and clinicopathologic examination showed no significant difference between both groups. There were no significant difference between both groups in all valuation scales; 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale for chest discomfort, the Hwa-byung' major symptom was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Likert scale for major symptom of Hwa-byung, STAXI-K, STAI-K, BDI-K and HRV. Conclusions : We considered that establishment of experimental group and controlled group was objective and worth conducting this research. And this methodology is expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to make up for this study through various study and discussion.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.473-478
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• 1999

Osteopetrosis is an uncommon hereditary bone condition characterized by a generalized symmetric increase in skeletal density and abnormalities of bone resorption remodeling. In 1904, the first case of generalized sclerosis of the skeleton was reported by $Albers-Sch\ddot{o}nberg$. Osteopetrosis is generally divided into two main type. The infantile(malignant, congenita) type is the most severe form of the disease; It is characterized by skeletal and hematologic abnormalities. The adult(benign, tarda) type which is usually diagnosed in the third or fourth decade of life is limited predominantly to skeletal anomalies and it carries a more favorable prognosis. The recently recognized intermediate form with its mild and variable clinical recessive trait. There is no reported gender or racial predilection. The characteristic feature of osteopetrosis which is an abscence of physiologic bone resorption results in accumulation of bone mass and mainfests skeletal disturbance. Dental finding of osteopetrosis includes delayed eruption, congenitally absent teeth, unerupted and malformed teeth, and enamel hypoplasia. Our report involves a patient with a chief complaint of tooth mobility and delayed eruption. After clinical and radiologic examination, this patient was referred to dept. of pediatrics under the suspicion of osteopetrosis and it was confirmed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.495-501
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• 2003

Impaction is defined as the cessation of the eruption of the tooth caused by a clinically or radiographically detectable physical barrier in the eruption path or by the ectopic position of tooth germ. Besides the third molars and the maxillary canines, the most common impacted tooth is the second premolar. The overall frequency of premolar impaction has been reported to be 0.5%. In some cases, orthodontic traction and surgical repositioning may be indicated. When impacted second premolar is involved with prolonged retained second primary molar, extraction of primary molar and space maintenance lead to eruption of second premolar. In these cases, all patients visited to department of pediatric dentistry of Kyungpook National University Hospital for the chief complaint of unerupted second premolar. Extraction of prolonged retained second primary molar and space management are tried for spontaneous eruption of impacted second premolar tooth. The results were as follows: 1. When impacted second premolar is involved with prolonged retained second primary molar, minimal treatment via elimination of primary molar leads to successful results. 2. Proper space management and periodic radiographic examination are required before eruption of second premolar. 3. Sufficient time must be allowed for confirm of tooth movement before orthodontic traction or surgical repositioning. 4. The result is more successful in incomplete root development.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.447-453
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• 2010

The hemifacial microsomia is characterized by variable underdevelopment of the craniofacial skeleton, external ear, and facial soft tissues. So, patients with hemifacial microsomia have an occlusal plane canting and malocclusion with facial asymmetry. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) with an intraoral or extraoral device is a technique using tension to generate new bone with gradual bone movement and remodeling. DO has especially been used to correct craniofacial deformities such as a hemifacial microsomia, facial asymmetry, and mandible defect that could not adequately be treated by conventional reconstruction with osteotomies. It has a significant advantage to lengthen soft and hard tissue of underdeveloped site without bone graft and a few complication such as nerve injury or muscle contracture. A 13-years old girl visited our clinic for the chief complaint of facial asymmetry. She had a left hypoplastic maxilla and mandible, occlusal plane canting and malocclusion. We diagnosed hemifacial microsomia and lanned DO to lengthen the affected side. Le Fort I osteotomy, left mandibular ramus and symphysis osteotomy were performed. The internal distraction devices fixed with screw on maxillary and mandibular ramus osteotomy sites. External devices were adapted to lower jaw for DO on symphysis osteotomy site and to upper jaw for rapid maxillary expansion (RME). At 7days after surgery, distraction was started at the rate of 1mm per day for 13days, and after 4months consolidation periods, distraction devices were removed. Simultaneous multiple maxillo-mandibular distraction osteogenesis with RME resulted in a satisfactory success in correcting facial asymmetry as well as occlusal plane canting for our hemifacial microsomia.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.481-489
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• 2007

Maxillary canine impaction is a frequently encountered clinical problem, and it may cause the resorption of adjacent tooth or cystic change. Treatment plan for maxillary canine impaction should be decided among extraction, orthodontic traction and autotransplantation according to several factors such as direction and position of unerupted tooth, degree of developing root apex, eruption space, exsitance of supernumerary tooth, odontoma, or cyst. Autotransplantation is a valuable alternative to extraction of impacted teeth, where surgical exposure and subsequent orthodontic realignment are difficult or impossible due to unfavorable impaction position. And its prognosis is dependent on a number of factors such as preservation of periodontal ligament, degree of root development, surgical technique, patient's age, endodontic treatment, time and type of splinting and storage medium, etc. The patients in these cases visited our dental clinic in the late permanent dentition with the chief complaint of unerupted maxillary canines. And it was thought that the spontaneous eruption guidance or orthodontic traction and alignment were difficult because of its unfavorable impacted position. Therefore, autotransplantaion and endodontic treatment were done and have been checked periodically until now.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2010

Protein C deficiency increases the risk of thrombosis due to the lack of anticoagulant factor protein C. Among the numerous congenital protein C deficiencies, homozygous protein C deficiency has an especially low protein C activity level, that it is almost undetectable. It is a rare disease with a probability of 1:250000~500000. The signs and symptoms of homozygous protein C deficiency include purpuric, necrotic dermatosis, ecchymosis, blindness, and thrombosis in central nervous system. A 4-year-old girl was brought to the clinic with a chief complaint of extensive caries. The child was under warfarin medication in order to prevent possible complications during dental treatment. We consulted the pediatric department. Without warfarin intake, serious complications may occur due to thrombosis during dental treatment. Therefore, certain warfarin dosage (INR 3~5) and fresh frozen plasma as a backup for excessive hemorrhage were recommended. This child was a severely disabled child with the loss of vision, and it was difficult to manage her behavior effectively. Thus, dental treatment was carried out under general anesthesia, where bleeding control would be also easier to achieve.This report presents the case of a 4-year-old girl with protein C deficiency, who has received dental treatment for extensive caries under general anesthesia.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 2009

Regional odontodysplasia(ROD) is relatively rare localized developmental anomaly of tooth formation in which hard tissue is affected. The maxilla is typically affected than the mandible, and especially the maxillary left quadrant is the most commonly involved. Females are affected twice as often as males, and there is no association with race. Its etiology remains undetermined, but local circulatory disorders, somatic mutations, virus infections, local trauma, hyperpyrexia, irradiation, metabolic disturbances, and hereditary transmission are considered as possible etiologic factors. The affected teeth are likely to be small, hypoplastic, brown, and grooved. Eruption failure or delay is frequently seen as well as abscess or fistulae formation in absence of caries. Radiographically, there is a lack of contrast between the enamel and dentin, both of which are less radiopaque than unaffected counterparts. Moreover, enamel and dentin layers are thin, giving the teeth a “ghost-like appearance”. The pulp chambers and canals are large, the roots seem like to be short and indistinct. A 2-year-3-month old boy came to the department of pediatric dentistry, Yonsei University, with the chief complaint of delayed eruption and abnormal tooth shape on the lower left quadrant. He was diagnosed as regional odontodysplasia based on the clinical and radiographic findings.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.275-280
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• 2009

Radicular cyst is a true epithelium lined cyst formed when epithelium at the apex of a nonvital tooth is stimulated by inflammation. It is the most common type of cyst in the oral cavity, but its frequency is low in the primary dentition. Treatment of large-sized cyst aims at conservation of adjacent structure and allowance of proper eruption of the successive permanent teeth in the primary dentition. Considering these two aspects, marsupialization or enucleation following decompression is recommended as a treatment means for large-sized radicular cyst. In this case, 8-year old boy visited the pediatric dentistry department. Yonsei University Dental Hospital, with the chief complaint of pain on the lower right area. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed periapical radiolucent lesion on #84, which had previous pulp treatment and restorated with the stainless steel crown. Dislocation of its successive tooth, #44, was also observed. #84 was extracted and sent for biopsy. Through histologic examination, it was diagnosed as radicular cyst. Following its extraction, removable space maintainer was delivered, which was also used as a decompressor. During periodic check-up for next 22 months, favorable healing of the lesion and eruption of the successive tooth were observed.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 1993

During 7 years, from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1992, authors studied 208 cases of the surgically managed thyroid nodules at the Department of General Surgery, Han Kang Sacred Heart Hospital and obtained the following results. 1) Among the total 208 cases, male to female ratio was 1:11.2 in benign thyroid diseases and 1:9 in malignant thyroid diseases. The benign disease was prevalent between second and forth decade comparing with malignant disease between third and fifth decade. 2) The most common duration of illness was 3 months(26.0%). 3) Palpable neck mass was the most common chief complaint(100%). Palpitation. fatigue, and sweating were common complaints in patient with benign disease, and fatigue, palpitation, and sweating in malignant disease in decreasing order of frequency. 4) 55.8 % of lesions were in right lobe, 33.2% in left lobe, 5.8% in diffuse type, 4.8% in bilateral lobes, and 0.5% in isthmus. 5) The most common size of nodule was between 2.0cm and 3.9cm in diameter, which consisted of 55.1% of benign disease and 48.0% of malignant disease. 6) 86.5% of thyroid function test showed euthyroidism, 10.1% hyperthyroidism, and 3.4% hypothyroidism. 7) Thyroid scanning of 176 patients revealed cold nodules in 92.5% of benign diseases and in 92.9% of malignant diseases. 8) The most common benign disease was adenomatous hyperplasia(62.7%), and the most common malignant disease was papillary adenocarcinoma(80.0%). 9) Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in 91 cases, and it showed 69.0% of sensitivity, 90.3% of specificity, and 83.5% of accuracy. 10) Frozen biopsy was performed in 109 cases. and it showed 93.9% of sensitivity, 100.0% of specificity, and 98.2% of accuracy. 11) The most commonly performed operation was unilateral lobectomy(including unilateral lobectomy with isthmectomy)(79.1%) in benign disease. and total thyroidectomy(62.0%) in malignant disease. 12) Postoperative complication showed 5 cases of wound infection (2.4%), 3 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism(1.4%), 3 cases of transient hoarseness(1.4%), 2 cases of postoperative bleeding(1.0%), 1 case of permanent hypoparathyroidism(0.5%), 1 case of permanent hoarseness(0.5%), and 1 case of postoperative pneumonia (0.5%).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2011

The digital impression technique has been developed for more precise restorations and convenient procedures in prosthodontic treatment compared to the conventional impression technique. Along with the utilization of CAD/CAM, the introduction of digital impression technique actualizes the digitalization of dental treatments. This case is to compare two different prostheses introducing each procedure in detail; one from CAD/CAM after taking digital impression and the other from the conventional technique. A 22-year-old female visited the clinic with the chief complaint of correction of discoloration and shape on maxillary right central incisor. Due to the trauma 8 years ago, the tooth was endodontically treated with post and resin core. The treatment was planned and the procedures were conducted under the patient's consent to treat the tooth with all ceramic crowns in two different ways for comparison. In conclusion, both prostheses presented clinically acceptable results with comparing the internal fitness of two all ceramic crowns. The prosthesis from digital impression, however, showed more errors in respect of internal fitness.