• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5437-5454
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• 2016

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of several sensor nodes which are severely restricted to energy and memory. Energy is the lifeblood of sensors and thus energy conservation is a critical necessity of WSN. This paper proposes a clustering algorithm namely Energy Efficient Trustworthy Clustering algorithm (EETCA), which focuses on three phases such as chief node election, chief node recycling process and bi-level trust computation. The chief node election is achieved by Dempster-Shafer theory based on trust. In the second phase, the selected chief node is recycled with respect to the current available energy. The final phase is concerned with the computation of bi-level trust, which is triggered for every time interval. This is to check the trustworthiness of the participating nodes. The nodes below the fixed trust threshold are blocked, so as to ensure trustworthiness. The system consumes lesser energy, as all the nodes behave normally and unwanted energy consumption is completely weeded out. The experimental results of EETCA are satisfactory in terms of reduced energy consumption and prolonged lifetime of the network.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.412-415
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• 1995

Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare and about 20-25% of primary cardiac tumors are malignant. Recently we have experienced a case of primary cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma originated on the right atrial wall. Patient was 41 years-old women and chief complaints were pitting edema and exertional dyspnea. Emergency operation was performed to relieve symptoms by pericardial effusion that hac been seen on the echocardiogram and large soft mass in right atrial cavity on the MRI. About 700ml amounts of bloody pericardial effusion was collected into the pericardial cavity. 4X5X5 cm sized ingrowing soft mass in the right atrial cavity and two small sized outgrowing masses were inspected. A tumor was invaded into the SA node and superior limbic portion of fossa ovalis. And then mass & right atrial free wall was resected but areas of SA node and fossa ovalis were not resected. Defect of right atrial wall was reconstruced with bovine patch. She was discharged after 2 weeks without any problems and she has been treated with chemotherapy.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

DTNs (Delay Tolerant Networks) refer to the networks that can support data transmission in the extreme networking situations such as continuous delay and no connectivity between ends. DTMNs (Delay Tolerant Networks) are a specific range of DTNs, and its chief considerations in the process of message delivery in the routing protocol are the transmission delay, improvement of reliability, and reduction of network loading. This article proposes a new LCN (Largest Common Neighbor) routing algorism to improve Spray and Wait routing protocol that prevents the generation of unnecessary packets in a network by letting mobile nodes limit the number of copies of their messages to all nodes to L. Since higher L is distributed to nodes with directivity to the destination node and the maximum number of common neighbor nodes among the mobile nodes based on the directivity information of each node and the maximum number of common neighbor nodes, more efficient node transmission can be realized. In order to verify this proposed algorism, DTN simulator was designed by using ONE simulator. According to the result of this simulation, the suggested algorism can reduce average delay and unnecessary message generation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1985

신경아세포종은 소아기에 발생하는 악성종양중 뇌종양 다음으로 흔히 발생하는 것으로 원발 혹은 전이된 부위에 따라 다양한 임상증상이 나타날 수 있으나 실명을 주소로 한 경우는 드물다. 본 증례는 4세된 남아의 복부에서 기원하여 사골동으로 원위전이하여 갑작스런 실명을 주소로 한 신경아세포종으로 cytoxan, vincristine, DTIC, adriamycin 및 VM-26의 병합요법으로 치료하여 실명은 그대로 있으나 복부와 사골동의 종괴는 현저히 감소하였고 환아는 건강이 양호한 상태이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.413-417
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• 1994

Adenoid cystic carcinoma usually grows in the trachea or near its bifurcation and causes obstruction of the air way. We recently experienced a 33 year-old male patient who had adenoid cystic carcinoma in the left main bronchus with the chief complaint of productive cough. On the bronchoscopy, the mass obstructed the left main bronchus completely and had nodularity and increased vascularity.The trachea was shifted to the left side and the lower lobe of the left lung was atelectatic on chest X-ray and computed axial tomogram.He underwent left tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy and lymph node dissection through bilateral thoracotomy. At first,we attempted left tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy through the left thoracotomy,however, it was very difficult to perform carinoplastic procedure after sleeve resection of 2.5cm of distal trachea and 1cm of proximal right main bronchus including whole left lung because of poor operative field and difficulty in the anastomosis of the right main bronchus to the distal end of the trachea without tension.Therefore after radical resection of the left lung we made right thoracotomy,through which we could anastomosed the distal trachea and right main bronchus with 4-0 PDS interrupted suture after mobilization of the right hilum without difficulty. The tumor was confirmed to be adenoid cystic carcinoma with metastasis to subcarinal lymph node histopathologically. Postoperative course was uneventful but he needed two bronchoscopic procedure to clear distal airway of the retained bronchial secretion. He was discharged at 14 days after operation with complete recovery.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2019

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive neuroectodermal carcinoma arising from mechanoreceptor Merkel cells. Multiple MCCs are even rarer. We report a case of two independent MCCs simultaneously present in the cheek of a patient, which were effectively and esthetically treated using a cheek flap. Punch biopsy performed in a 60-year-old woman admitted with a chief complaint of two skin-colored hard nodules in her left cheek, accompanied by an itching sensation, was suggestive of MCC. Accordingly, we performed sentinel lymph node biopsy through the modified Blair incision under general anesthesia, in cooperation with the head and neck surgery department. The defect was covered with a cheek flap by slightly extending the existing incision following wide excision with a safety margin of 1 cm. This paper is significant in that it introduces an effective reconstruction technique that maintains function using a cheek flap for the management of this rare case. In addition, this paper is the first to classify multiple MCCs according to the time of onset. We believe that this paper presents an effective alternative reconstruction technique with sentinel node biopsy through the modified Blair incision.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.376-379
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• 2009

Likely to be the most common oral cancer, squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) of the tongue accounts for about 20% of all oral and pharyngeal cancers. SCC of the tongue frequently arises in the lateral border, and if it metastasize, it occurs on submandibular gland and neck lymph nodes. Location of the primary lesions and neck lymph node metastasis affect the prognosis and decrease survival rate of patients with carcinoma of the tongue. The authors experienced the patient with contralateral neck lymph node metastasis of SCC of the tongue. The patient came to our department with chief complaint of elevated lesion on left lateral border of the tongue. The mass was diagnosed as $T_2N_0M_0$, Stage II invasive SCC of oral tongue. Computed tomography(CT) & magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) which were taken before the operation showed no significant finding of metastasis. Surgical mass removal and preventive neck dissection on the left side were done. While follow up PET/CT, contralateral neck lymph node metastasis(right side, level II) was detected, and re-operation(Rt. side RND) was done. There are few studies concerning the contralateral neck lymph node metastasis related with SCC of the tongue. The purpose of this report is to introduce the uncommon case of contralateral neck lymph node metastasis occurred in the $T_2$-stage of SCC of the tongue treated by surgical resection.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2003

Objectives: The best treatment for the malignant parotid tumor still remains to be defined, and a better knowledge about the tumor features that predict the treatment result is needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes and to suggest the optimal treatment modality for the parotid cancer. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of 113 patients who were treated for parotid cancer from January 1990 to December 2002 were retrospectively analysed. Univalate analyses were performed to establish the prognostic influence of pateint age, gender, tumor size, histologic grade and lymph node metastasis. Results: The mean age was 46.4 years old (15-81 years) and. The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.1. The chief complaint was a palpable mass in 85%, pain was in 12.4% and facial nerve palsy was accompanied with 2.7%. The mean tumor size was 3.5cm in diameter. The most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (33.6%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (15%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (11%), carcinoma expleomorhpic adenoma (11%), basal cell carcinoma (7%). The most common operative procedure was total parotidectomy (47.8%) and various types of cervical lymph node dissection were added in 69.9%. Postoperative radiotherapy was done in 61.1 %. Postoperative complications developed in 54 cases (47.8%), including 46 cases (40.7%) of facial nerve palsy and 9 cases (8%) of Frey's syndrome. Recurrences developed in 21 cases (18.6%) and deaths in 15 (13.3%). Cumulative survival at 5 year was 75.4%. Univariate analysis of clinical factors showed that histologic grade and positive cervical lymph node significantly influenced survival (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggests that the radical resection with lymph node dissection and postopertaive XRT would be necessary to improve the survival of the patients with high grade cancer or positive lymphnode metastasis.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2000

Background and Objectives： Necrotizing lymphadenitis or Kikuchi's disease is characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology with unique histologic findings in young female patients. The importance of this disease lies in the fact that it can be easily misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma, hence, clinicians need to aware of this disease entity. The purpose of this study is to report the clinicopathologic findings, radiographic findings, and many laboratory tests in order to contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing lymphadenitis. Materials and Methods： We evaluated 31 patients, who were diagnosed as necrotizing lymphadenitis by excisional biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology or ultrasound guided 18G cutting needle biopsy, retrospectively. Result : The median age was 24.8 years (range 12 to 43 years) and the male to female ratio was 1 : 2.4(9：22), with 14 females (45.1%) under 30 years. The common chief complaints were neck mass, easy fatigue and fever. Lymph node enlargement was limited to the cervical area in most cases (28cases : 90.3%). The involved lymph nodes were usually multiple (20cases : 64.5%), unilateral (26cases 83.9%) and small sized. Leukopenia (19cases : 61.3%) and elevation of ESR (18cases : 58.1%) appeared most frequently in the abnormal laboratory data. These symptoms will be gone spontaneoulsy without any specific treatment in several weeks or months. Conclusion : We should consider open biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology or ultrasound guided cutting needle biopsy with lymph node in patients who have cervical lymphadenopathy with easy fatigue and fever, especially young women to exclude other conditions such as malignant lymphoma and tuberculosis, etc.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1985

참깨의 개화순서를 밝히기 위하여 3과성인$\ulcorner$수원9호$\lrcorner$와 $\ulcorner$풍년깨$\lrcorner$를 공시하여 개화시부터 개화일과 개삭수를 절위 및 부위별로 조사하였으며, 개체별 착삭절위간 및 착삭부위간의 수량형질 분포와 수량 변이 그리고 개체간, 절위간의 수량형질 변이를 구명하기 위하여 풍년깨를 공시품종으로 하여 수확기에 각 개체의 절위, 부위를 명시하여 삭별로 수확 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 개화순서는 양품종 공히 최하부 최초 착화절위로부터 상단부로 3~4절위까지는 다소 불규칙하나 그 이상의 절위로부터는 매일 1절위씩 상승하면서 개화되었으며 동일 절위에서 중앙화와 측화의 개화시기는 착삭 제8 절위 이하는 3일, 제9 절위에서 제16 절위까지는 2일, 그 이상의 절위에서는 2~3 일 간격으로 측화가 중앙화보다 늦게 개화하였다. 2. 착삭절위별 개화수는 착삭 제 1~2 절위까지는 1 절위당 2~3개, 제 4 절위에서 제 18 절위까지에서는 6개 이상이 개화되었으며 그 이상의 절위에서는 3~5개 밖에 개화되지 않았다. 3. 착삭수는 착삭 제 1~3 절위에서 개화된 것은 대부분 결삭되어 착삭율이 90% 이상, 제 4~9 절위는 개화수에 관계없이 5개 정도 결삭이 되어 60% 이상 착삭이 되었으며 평균 착삭율은 42% 정도였다. 4. 착삭부위별 수량 및 수량구성요소는 동일절위에서 중앙삭이 측삭보다 컸으며, 동일 개체내 동일 개화일의 중앙삭과 측삭에서도 같은 경향이었다. 5. 1 주당 각 절위별 수량은 착삭 제5 절위의 736mg을 중심으로 하부나 상부로 갈수록 감소되는 경향이었다. 6. 수량구성요소의 절위별 누적분포비율을 주당삭수, 총입수 공히 착삭 제 16 절위까지 전체의 97% 정도, 성숙입수는 제 13 절위까지가 전체의 99%였 다. 7. 천립중은 동일 절위내에서는 어느 절위를 막론하고 중앙삭이 측삭보다 무거웠고 평균 천립중은 중앙삭 2.44g, 측삭 2.08g으로 중앙삭, 측삭 공히 하부 절위일수록 무거웠다. 8. 각 절위별 수량지수의 누적비율은 착삭 제 1절위에서 제 9 절위까지는 전체 수량의 82%, 제11절위까지는 92.0%, 제 13 절위까지는 98.9% 이었으며, 수량결정의 한계절위는 착삭 제 14 절위로 나타났다. 9. 수량형질의 변이를 CV로 비교하여 보면, 개체간 CV는 성숙입중>총입수>삭수>성숙입수＞천립중의 순이었고, 절위간 CV는 삭당성숙입중>삭당성숙입수>천립중＞절위별삭수>삭당총입수의 순으로 각 형질 공히 개체간 CV 보다 절위간 CV가 현저히 높았다. 10. 착삭절위별 수량형질의 개체간 변이는 하부로부터 착삭 제6 절위가 가장 낮았다.