• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.74-76
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• 2006

닭의 간은 해독작용, 당의 저장, 혈장 단백질의 합성 등 주요 기능을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 간에서 성장 단계별로 발현량에 차이를 보이는 단백질들을 비교해 보았다. 2차원적 전기 영동에 의해 분리된 300개 이상의 단백질들이 확인되었으며 이 중 성장 단계별 특이적인 13개의 단백질은 MALDI-TOF MS에 의하여 분석이 되어졌다. 본 연구를 통하여 밝혀진 단백질들은 생화학적인 연구에 중요한 자료를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2021

Objective: Vanin1 (VNN1) is a pantetheinase that can catalyze the hydrolysis of pantetheine to produce pantothenic acid and cysteamine. Our previous studies showed that VNN1 is specifically expressed in chicken liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α (PPARα) and miRNA-181a-5p in regulating VNN1 gene expression in chicken liver. Methods: 5'-RACE was performed to identify the transcription start site of chicken VNN1. JASPAR and TFSEARCH were used to analyze the potential transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of chicken VNN1 and miRanda was used to search miRNA binding sites in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of chicken VNN1. We used a knock-down strategy to manipulate PPARα (or miRNA-181a-5p) expression levels in vitro to further investigate its effect on VNN1 gene transcription. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the specific regions of VNN1 targeted by PPARα and miRNA-181a-5p. Results: Sequence analysis of the VNN1 promoter region revealed several transcription factor-binding sites, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α), PPARα, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. GW7647 (a specific agonist of PPARα) increased the expression level of VNN1 mRNA in chicken primary hepatocytes, whereas knockdown of PPARα with siRNA increased VNN1 mRNA expression. Moreover, the predicted PPARα-binding site was confirmed to be necessary for PPARα regulation of VNN1 gene expression. In addition, the VNN1 3'UTR contains a sequence that is completely complementary to nucleotides 1 to 7 of miRNA-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly decreased the expression level of VNN1 mRNA. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PPARα is an important transcriptional activator of VNN1 gene expression and that miRNA-181a-5p acts as a negative regulator of VNN1 expression in chicken hepatocytes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 1971

The effects of n-hexane and tetrachlorodiphenyl on the growth rate, the blood picture and histopathological change induced were observed in chicken. A total of 350 chicken were fed various daily dosages of n-hexane and tetrachlorodiphenyl for the experimental period of 60 days. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The growth rate of chicken in the group fed 100 ppm of tetrachlorodiphenyl was reduced (p<0.05). However no significant results were observed in the other dosage groups. 2. The reduction of the growth rate was found only in the liver and the kidney but not found in the other orgns. 3. No significant results were found in the number of erythrocytes and hematocrit value. However, the number of leukcocytes of chicken in the group fed 100 ppm of tetrachlorodiphenyl was significantly low. 4. In both n-hexane and tetrachlorodiphenyl groups, the number of lymphocytes was found to decrease but the number of basophiles and eosinophiles were found to increase (p<0.05). 5. All the chicken fed 300 ppm of tetrachlorodiphenyl died between 7th and 9th days. 6. Fatty change of hepatic cells and cloudy swelling of epithelia of renal tubules were found in the group fed 0.5 ml of n-hexane. However, in the group fed more the 100 ppm, fatty change of hepatic cells was followed by necrosis and comparatively severe cloudy swelling was found in epithelia of renal tubules.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 1988

Measurement of gastric emptying rate has been performed by a variety of techniques. Nuclear medicine method is a major advance in the quantitative evaluation of gastric function and also of pharmacologic intervention. Normal gastric emptying rate was measured in 48 healthy volunteers using live chicken liver labeled with $^{99m}Tc-Tin$ Colloid as a solid phase marker. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the labeling efficiency and stability in hydrochloric acid and in human gastric juice of intracellularly labeled chicken liver. Anterior image counts only were compared with the geometric mean of anterior and posterior counts in 12 healthy volunteers who were studied by both anterior count and posterior count. The results were as follows: 1) The labeling efficiency in gastric juice and hydrochloric acid were $95.5{\pm}1.23%,\;95.7{\pm}1.15%$, respectively. 2) Half gastric emptying time by anterior count only was $126{\pm}21$ minutes 3) Although standard deviation of geometric mean method was smaller than anterior count method, gastric emptying curves from both method were similar. In daily practice, anterior count method may be useful alternative to geometric mean method in evaluation of gastric emptying rate.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 1994

Clinically healthy 12 female Manina breed chicken (6 of 75 days old : group 46 of 145 days old： group B, female) were examined to establish physiological basic data on organ tissues total Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions. The tissues examined were the Lung, Heart, Liver, Proventriculus, Gizzard, Duodenum, Colon and Muscle. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order of the Muscle > Proventriculus >Giz-zard >Heart >Duodenum> Colon >Lung >Liver in group A and Muscle >Proventriculus >Giz-zard >Heart > Colon >Duodenum > Lung > Liver in group B. Significance of total CPK activities in group difference was only found Colon, group B showed higher values than that of group A (p< 0.01). 2. In the pattern of CPK isoenzymes fractions, Lung, Heart, Liver, Proventriculus, Gizzard, Duodenum and Muscle were high with decreasing order of CK2 >CK3, Colon showed the pattern with decreasing order of CK3 >CK2. Significance of CPK isoenzymes fractions in group difference was only found Liver, CK2 in group B(P<0.01) and CK3 in group A(P<0.01) were higher than that of the other group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2003

Telomeres are the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of (TTAGGG)n and associated proteins. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which act as a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. Even though telomeres and telomerase have been studied extensively, very little is known about telomere dynamics in embryonic cells. This study was carried out to analyze the telomeres distribution and telomerase activity of chicken cells during embryonic and developmental stages. The target cells for analysing were sperms, ovulated ova, early embryonic cells and the cells from brain, heart, liver, kidney and germinal tissue in fetus. Telomeres distribution on target cells was analyzed by Q-FISH (Quantitation-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization) techniques using a chicken telomere repeat probe. Telomerase activity was performed by TRAP assay (Telomeric repeat Amplification Protocol) with target DNA. In results, the telomeres of chicken were found at the ends of all chromosomes. In addition, chicken had interstitial telomeres on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3. Telomerase activity was highly detectable in early embryonic cells, germinal tissues and kidney cells. Whereas telomerase activity was gradually down-regulated when the organs, including brain, heart, and liver, were developed from embryos. In the distribution of telomeric DNA on the embryonic and developmental stages, most of the cells was gradually decreased in telomere quantity during ontogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1684-1690
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• 2005

Using mRNA differential display technique, we investigated differential gene expression in hybrids relative to their parents in a diallel cross involving four chicken breeds in order to provide an insight into the molecular basis of heterosis in chicken. The results indicated that there was extensive differential gene expression between chicken F1 hybrids and their parents which was classified into four kinds of patterns as following: (1) bands only detected in hybrid F1; (2) bands only absent in hybrid F1; (3) bands only detected in parent P1 or P2; (4) bands absent in parent P1 or P2. Forty-two differentially expressed cDNAs were cloned and sequenced, and their expression patterns were confirmed by Reverse-Northern dot blot. Sequence analysis and database searches revealed that genes showed differential expression between hybrid and parents were regulatory and functional genes involved in metabolism, mRNA splicing, transcriptional regulation, cell cycles and protein modification. These results indicated that hybridization between two parents can cause changes in expression of a variety of genes. In conclusion, that the altered pattern of gene expression in hybrids may be responsible for heterosis in chickens.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

There are several immunosuppressive viral diseases in chickens such as avian adenovirus (AAV), chicken anemia virus (CAV), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Marek's disease (MD). In this study, we have investigated two broiler chicken farms suffered from high mortality in Jeonbuk in July to August 2009. Clinically high fever and growth retardation were observed in the diseased chicken. In necropsy, the hemorrhages in thigh leg and thymus, hemorrhages and enlargement of liver, kidney and proventriculus, and yellowish fluid in heart were seen. Histologically, necrotic foci and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies of hepatocytes, hemorrhages and infiltrated lymphocytes in kidney and proventriculus were observed. By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the genes of avian adenovirus, CAV and ND virus were detected in specimens. We suggested that these coinfection cases with high mortality were due to primarily infection of immunosuppressive diseases such as avian adenovirus, CAV, followed by secondary infection of Newcastle disease (ND) virus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 1993

The present study was conducted to investigate biochemical properties, antimicrobial drug susceptibilities and epidemiology of 71 stranins of Salmonella pullorum isolated from about 110 diseased chickens of 23 poultry farms located in Cheongjoo, Cheongweon and Koesan county, Chungbuk province, from August 1991 to March 1993. The isolates were identified as S. pullorum by serological and biochemical means. S. pullorum were mostly isolated in chicken under 3weeks of age, and also isolated in 58, 72 days and 23 weeks of age. According to breeds, most of the cultures were isolated in colored broiler chicken (14 to 23 cases), and also variously isolated in native chicken, white broiler chicken, black bone chicken and laying hen. According to organs of diseased chickens, most of the cultures were isolated in liver (37 to 71 strains), and also variously isolated in spleen, lungs, blood, heart, oviduct and brain. According to media used for primary culture from organs, most of the cultures were isolated purely with SS and BHI medium. The majority of biochemical properties of S. pullorum isolated from diseased chickens were identical to those of the standard strains, but in the properties of rhamnose, and arabinose fermentation, some isolates were negative in spite of positive in those of standard S. pullorum. All the isolates were highly susceptible to colistin, amikacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, sulfamethxazole, cephalothin, tetracycline and piperacillin regardless of isolated years, but no susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, tylosin and novobiocin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.980-986
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of diet (1:1 ratio) added with meat product (seasoning chicken product, patty) containing natural extracts (green tea, Schizandra chinensis) on body weights, internal organs weights, the contents of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid in plasma and liver. The experimental diets were prepared with basal diet added with $1\%$ natural extracts. These diets were supplied to SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats for 45 days. The body weight of SD rats supplied seasoning chicken and patty containing green tea and Schizandra chinensis tended to be lower than that of SD rats dieted seasoning chicken product and patty product. The contents of plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid were decreased in SD rats dieted seasoning chicken and patty with green tea and Schizandra chinensis. However, the contents of plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid tended to be increased in SD rats supplied seasoning chicken product and patty only. Hepatic lipid peroxidation measured by TBARS method was not different, compared to that of control. In conclusion, the diets with meat products containing $1\%$ natural extracts were effective in reducing plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels in rats.