• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.672-677
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to develop sample preparation method and evaluate the exact cholesterol content in egg and egg powder purchased from Korean markets, and to determine whether significant differences exist among various egg products, since a variety of products are available in Korean markets and there are no recent databases for cholesterol. To evaluate the cholesterol content in chicken egg sold in Korean local market, a simple method using non-heated saponification to determine cholesterol for emulsified foods was applied. The results of recovery for egg and egg powder were in a range of 92.4-105.0%, with a relative standard deviation between 1.1% and 2.8% by using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Therefore, the total cholesterol content in whole egg was estimated between 160.8 and 226.3 mg/egg (AV(average) $186.8{\pm}3.5$), which is similar or lower than previously reported levels. The value for cholesterol in egg powder was estimated between 2.94 and 3.49 mg/g (AV $3.23{\pm}0.15$). We suggested method that can be applicable to chicken egg and egg powder matrix as providing rapid and accurate determination of cholesterol in egg and egg powder. This information will be helpful for processed food producers for deciding food labels of cholesterol content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.628-632
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• 2008

Egg production traits are economically important both for egg-laying and broiler lines of chicken. In sheep, the Q249R mutation in BMPR-IB is associated with ovulation rate. The present study cloned a partial chicken BMPR-IB fragment which contained the corresponding ovine Q249R mutation, including partial exon 6 and exon 7 and full-length intron 6. Five nucleotide changes were identified by alignment of the fragment amplified from Jining Bairi and Zang chickens. Among these nucleotide substitutions, the C/T transition at the base position of 35 and the A/G transition at the base position of 287 were found to be highly polymorphic, and named as SNPs C35T and A287G, respectively. For the SNP C35T, 331 hens of a synthetic broiler line were genotyped by a PCR-SSCP approach and allele C was found to be dominant. For the SNP A287G, 604 birds from the synthetic broiler line, a commercial egg-laying line, as well as three Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were genotyped by a PCR-RFLP technique. The associations of these two SNPs with egg production traits in the broiler line were analyzed. The results indicated that both the C35T and the A287G SNPs were not associated with egg production at 33wks and from 33wks to 42 wks (p>0.1), whereas the SNP A287G was associated with egg production from 47 to 56 wks (p<0.05). The dominance genetic effects on this latter trait and on egg production from 33 to 42 wks were significant (p<0.05).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1998

This study was conducted to estimate the heritabilities and genetic correlations on egg weight and egg compositional traits for breeding plan and selection in Korean native chicken. Data analyzed were the records of 46,908 eggs from 430 layers produced from 180 dam and 26 sire families, from April, 1994 to September, 1995. On egg weight and egg compositional traits at 1st egg, 300 and 500 days of age, the egg weights were 41.489, 49.544 and 52.770g ; the albumin weights were 25.953, 29.979 and 31.288g; the yolk weights were 11.091, 14.541 and 16.368g; shell weights were 4.472, 5.037 and 5.099g, respectively. The estimates of heritability of egg weights and egg compositional traits based on the variance of sires, dams and combined components at 300 days of age were 0.214, 0.226 and 0.720 for egg weight ; 0.307, 0.152 and 0.730 for albumin weight ; 0.124, 0.953 and 0.699 for yolk weight ; 0.047, 0.026 and 0.536 for shell weight. The genetic correlation coefficient between egg weight and albumen weight was 0.083~0.951 ; 0.310~0.507 between egg weight and yolk weight ; 0.242~0.523 between egg weight and shell weight ; 0. 237~0. 413 between albumen weight and yolk weight ; 0.232~0.449 between albumen weight and shell weight ; -0.264~0.239 between yolk weight and shell weight, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2002

Genetic variations of seven egg white protein loci in 1,112 samples from eight Asian countries (Yunnan province of China, Mongolia, Nepal, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia) and 360 samples from two improved breeds (Isa Brown, Boris Brown) were investigated by using starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five egg white protein loci (Ov, $G_3$, $G_2$, $G_1$ and $Tf_{EW}$) were found to be polymorphic in Asian native chicken populations. The proportion of polymorphic loci ($P_{poly}$) and average heterozygosity ($\bar{H}$) of Asian native populations varied from 0.143 to 0.714 and 0.014 to 0.225, respectively, and were higher than those of improved breeds. The subdivision index ($G_{ST}$) value among 18 native chicken populations in Asia is lower (0.0827) than among improved chicken populations (0.1693). This value means that the degree of subdivision among Asian native populations is lower than among improved breeds and gene constitutions among populations in Asia are similar.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.127-137
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• 1997

This study was conducted to estimate the laying performance and heterosis of Korean Native Chicken(KNC), Rhode Island Red(RIR), and KNC x RIR crossbreds A total of 1,274 female pullets were produced from KNC, RIR and RIR crossbreds in National Livestock Research Institute, Korea. The experiment was conducted for 2O~64 weeks from Jan 20. to Nov.25, 1996. The age at first egg of crossbreds were 144.1~148.7 days. The first egg weight of crossbreds was 39. 4~40.3 g, and body weights at first egg of KNC dark brown strain x RlR(DR), KNC light brown strain x RlR(LR) and KNC dark black strain x RlR(BR) were 1,943 g, 1,925 g and 2,044 g, respectively. During the laying period the average viability of crossbreds was 96.6~98.3%. The hen-day egg production of crossbreds were 111.1~113.O eggs at 40 weeks of age, and 223.5~227.5 eggs at 64 weeks of age, respectively. The hen-day egg production peaks were 78.2~80.1% in KNC, and 85.8~87.5% in crossbreds. The heterosis were estimated to be 3.61%, 9.21%, 4.78%, 2.97% and -1.63% for the first egg days, body weights at first egg, layer viability, hen-day egg production, and feed conversion ratio, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2010

In this study, to examine genetic variability within a breed and genetic relationships between populations/breeds, we genotyped 606 birds from seven Japanese native chicken breeds at seven polymorphic loci of egg white proteins and compared those with Asian native chicken populations and commercial breeds. Genotyping of the Japanese native breeds showed that ovalbumin, two ovoglobulins and ovotransferrin were polymorphic, but ovomacroglobulin, ovoflavoprotein and lysozyme were monomorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci ($P_{poly}$) and average heterozygosity ($\bar{H}$) within a population ranged from 0.286 to 0.429 and from 0.085 to 0.158, respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation ($G_{ST}$) was 0.250 in the Japanese native chicken breeds. This estimate was higher than that of Asian native chicken populations ($G_{ST}$ = 0.083) and of commercial breeds ($G_{ST}$ = 0.169). Dendrogram and PCA plot showed that Satsuma-dori, Jitokko, Amakusa-daio and Hinai-dori were closely related to each other and grouped into Asian native chickens and that Tsushima-jidori, Nagoya and Chan (Utaichan) were ramified far from other Japanese native chicken breeds. The egg white protein polymorphisms demonstrated that the population differentiation of the seven Japanese native chicken breeds was relatively large.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 1998

This study was carried out to estirnate the heritabilities and genetic correlations on egg shape index and internal egg qualities ; shell thickness, alburnin heights and Haugh units for breeding plan and selection in Korean native chicken. Data analyzed were the records of 46,908 eggs from 43() layers from April, 1994 to September, 1995. The egg shape index at the first egg, 300 days and 500 days of ages were 74.771, 74.468 and 73.702; the shell thickness were 0.345, 0.344 and 0. 334mm; the alburnen heights were 6.579, 6.130 and 5.318mm; the Haugh units were 86.859, 81.014 and 73.565 respectively. The heritability estimates of egg shape index and internal egg qualities based on the variance of sire, dam and combined components at 300 days of age were 0.136, 0.954 and 0.545 for egg shape index; 0.201, 0.622 and 0.421 for shell thickness; 0.410, 0.961 and 0.633 for albumen height ; 0.353, 0.962 and': 0.608 for Haugh units. The genetic correlation coefficient between shell thickness and albumen height was -0.044~0.824; 0.016~0.949 between Haugh units and shell thickness 0.313~0.941 between albumen height and Haugh units, respectively.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.20-20
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• 2003

Phenotypic characteristics and genetic markers in livestock have been utilized for improvement of the economic traits including egg productivity. Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC) has low egg productivity compared to White Leghorn. Therefore, in this study, serum IGF-I concentration and number of egg production were used as selection markers to improve egg productivity. KNOCs were divided into three groups showing high IGF-I concentration (IGF-I high), high egg production (EP high), and IGF-I/EP high groups. Blood was collected every 10 weeks, and serum concentrations of IGF-I, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In comparison of three groups in each generation, the highest increment of egg production was detected in the IGF-I/EP high group from 20 weeks till 40 weeks, and the IGF-I high group also showed the significant increment of egg production after 50 weeks. Interestingly, there were the increase of egg production and decrease of periods in sexual maturity in the second and third generation selected by serum IGF-I concentration, while egg weight and body weight decreased during experimental period. In conclusion, the present study suggest the possibility of IGF-I as a selection marker to improve the egg productivity of KNOC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.317-320
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• 1994

An experiment was carried out with village chicken at the laying stage raised on the semi-intensive system on three feeding treatments with each of 30 birds replicated three times. The three feeding treatments were: layer mash only, layer mash and corn as choices and choices of a high protein concentrate and corn. Feed and protein intake was significantly higher for birds on the layer mash and lower for birds on the choices of a high protein and corn diet. There was no differences in egg production for the birds fed the layer mash either alone or a choice with corn but lower for the birds on the choices of a high protein feed and corn. There was no differences in egg weight and gross efficiency for all treatments. The practice of choice feeding layer mash and corn could be adopted by farmers rearing village chicken under the semi-intensive system due to the lower cost.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.899-907
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• 2023

Objective: The better understanding of laying pattern of birds is crucial for developing breed-specific proper breeding scheme and management. Methods: Daily egg production until 50 wk of age of six chicken breeds including one layer (White Leghorn, WL), three dual-purpose (Rhode Island Red, RIR; Columbian Plymouth Rock, CR; and Barred Plymouth Rock, BR), one synthetic dwarf (DY), and one indigenous (Beijing-You Chicken, BYC) were used to characterize their clutch traits and egg production. The age at first egg, egg number, average and maximum clutch length, pause length, and number of clutches and pauses were calculated accordingly. Results: The egg number and average clutch length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR were higher than those in DY and BYC (p<0.01). The numbers of clutches and pauses, and pause length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR were lower than those in DY and BYC (p<0.01). The coefficient variations of clutch length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR (57.66%, 66.49%, 64.22%, and 55.35%, respectively) were higher than DY (41.84%) and BYC (36.29%), while the coefficient variations of egg number in WL, RIR, CR, and BR (9.10%, 9.97%, 10.82%, and 9.92%) were lower than DY (15.84%) and BYC (16.85%). The clutch length was positively correlated with egg number (r = 0.51 to 0.66; p<0.01), but not correlated with age at first egg in all breeds. Conclusion: The six breeds showed significant different clutch and egg production traits. Due to the selection history, the high and median productive layer breeds had higher clutch length than those of the less productive indigenous BYC. The clutch length is a proper selection criterion for further progress in egg production. The age at first egg, which is independent of clutch traits, is especially encouraged to be improved by selection in the BYC breed.