• Yonsei Medical Journal
• /
• v.59 no.9
• /
• pp.1138-1142
• /
• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the impact of sleep deprivation (SD) on cardiac, hemodynamic, and endothelial parameters and to determine whether these are sustained with increased periods of SD. The study included 60 healthy men (mean: age $31.2{\pm}6.3years$; body mass index $24.6{\pm}2.6kg/m^2$). Hemodynamic parameters, parameters of myocardial contractility, spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variability, and the sensitivity of arterial baroreflex function were evaluated. Biochemical tests were performed to assess L-arginine (L-Arg) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in reflection of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ability. Measurements of cardiovascular system parameters were obtained at 9 a.m. (baseline) on the first day of the study and 9 a.m. (24-h SD), 1 p.m. (28-h SD), and 5 p.m. (32-h SD) on the second day. Blood samples for evaluating biochemical parameters were obtained at baseline and after 24-h SD. ANOVA Friedman's test revealed a significant effect for time in relation to HR (${\chi}^2=26.04$, df=5, p=0.000), systolic BP (${\chi}^2=35.98$, df=5, p=0.000), diastolic BP (${\chi}^2=18.01$, df=5, p=0.003), and mean BP (${\chi}^2=28.32$, df=5, p=0.000). L-Arg and ADMA levels changed from $78.2{\pm}12.9$ and $0.3{\pm}0.1$ at baseline to $68.8{\pm}10.2$ and $0.4{\pm}0.1$ after 24-hr SD, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.004). SD in healthy men is associated with increases in BP, which appear to occur after 24 hours of SD and are maintained over increasing periods of SD. The observed hemodynamic changes may have resulted due to disordered vascular endothelial function, as reflected in alterations in L-Arg and ADMA levels.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2018

Adipocytes affect obesity through the regulation of lipid metabolism. Physical loading is an important regulator of fat tissue. There are ongoing in vitro studies inducing mechanotransduction on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with mechanical stimulus in order to treat obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and provoking cell death. In this study, our goal was to suggest a new therapy for obesity by investigating whether fluid shear stress (FSS) changes transcription factors on 3T3-L1 related with adipogenesis and cell death. FSS loading was applied to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at 1Pa and 1Hz. After loading, bright field images were taken and an immunofluorescence assay was conducted to observe actin stress fiber formation. Western blot analysis was conducted to identify the activation of the ERK pathway as well as the adipogenic factors, which including C/EBPs and $PPAR{\gamma}$. The expression of osteopontin, a protein related to inflammation in adipose tissue, and cell death related factors, Bax, Bcl-2, and Beclin, were also measured. Results showed that FSS stimulated the formation of actin stress fibers in 3T3-L1 and also that the activation of C/EBPs decreased significantly when compared with the control group. $PPAR{\gamma}$ activation in the 2 hour FSS group was lower than the 1 hour FSS group, which implied that the results were time dependent. Additionally, there were no differences in the expression of cell death factors after FSS loading. In summary, similar to other fibroblasts, the formation of actin stress fibers induced by mechanotransduction may affect the differentiation of 3T3-L1, leading to inhibition of adipogenesis and inflammation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a new $^{l3}C-urea-containing$ capsule for diagnosis of H. pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, $^{l3}C-urea$ breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG/citric$ acid (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value, about 16 at 20 mim, while the formula composed of only 38 mg $^{l3}C-urea$ had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the, sensitivity of $^{l3}C-urea$ in the human volunteers. The capsule [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and $37^{\circ}C$. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable preparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2003

The shoot tip and young leaf of Rhodiola sachalinensis were cultured to invest the plant growth regulator condition for callus induction, shoot and root regeneration. When the shoot tip was sterilized in 2.0% of NaOCl for 20min., the contamination rate was the lowest. And the survival rate of the culture material was good in carbenicillin 500mg/L treatment group. Callus was obtained from shoot tip and young leaf segments. NAA 0.1-1.0mg/L and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were shown to have a good response on callus induction from shoot tip culture. In the case of young leaf culture, NAA and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were good in callus induction. In culturing shoot tip NAA 0.5mg/L and BA 0.5mg/L, NAA1.0mg/L and BA 0.lmg/L combination treatment was good in shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA combination treatment. Especially, NAA 1.0mg/L and BA 0.1mg/L combination treatment was effective for root regeneration.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.467-473
• /
• 2011

Flavonoid are large group of the polyphenolic compounds which are distinguished by an aromatic or phenolic ring structure and the phenolic compounds are induced by microbial infection, ultraviolet radiation, temperature and chemical stress. They are known for their antioxidant activity, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. In this study, changes in flavonoid content were investigated using heterologous chalcone isomerase (CHI) expression system. Also, phenolic compounds level was measured to examine the relation between flavonoids and phenols contents. Explants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 strain containing pFLH-CHI (derived from pPZP2Ha3) vector constructed with CHI gene from Brassica rapa. The putative transgenic plants were confirmed by genomic DNA PCR analysis. Also the transcription levels of the gene were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR with gene specific primers. The total flavonoid contents were increased at $T_0$ and $T_1$ generations over 1.4 and 4.0 fold, respectively. Total phenol contents also increased at $T_1$ generation. These results indicate that CHI gene plays an important role to regulate the accumulation of flavonoids and its component changes.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2020

In this study, we evaluated spinal stability based on the change in the thoracolumbar fixation segment using finite element analysis (FEA). To accomplish this, a finite element (FE) model of a normal thoracolumbar spine (T10-L4), including intervertebral discs (IVD), ligaments, and facet joints, was constructed, and the material properties reported in previous studies were implemented. However, L1 was assumed as the lesion site, and three types of posterior fixation, namely, L1-L2, T12-L2, and T12-L1-L2, were implemented in the thoracolumbar FE model. In addition, the loading conditions for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were adopted. Through the series FEA, the deformation, equivalent stress, range of motion, and moment on the pedicle screws, vertebrae, and IVD were calculated, and the spinal stability was evaluated based on the FEA results.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2016

This study is focused on the evaluation of growth parameters, total polyphenol content (TPC), chlorophyll content as well as the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity of young barley seedling (YBS) affected by elicitation. Salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ), amino acid liquid fertilizer (ALF) and microbial metabolism activator (MMA) were used. Elicitation was conducted for two times and various concentrations were used in this study. The result revealed that, MJ 1 ml/L treated-YBS gave the longest seedling length of 1.33 cm, followed by the ones treated with SA 1.38 mg/L and ALF 2 ml/L, respectively. ALF 3 ml/L treatment gave the highest fresh weight of 10 seedlings, followed by MJ 5 ml/L and SA 13.8 mg/L treatment with 1.56 g, 1.55 g and 1.53 g respectively. SA 138.12 mg/L elicitor treated-YBS gave the highest Chl a, Chl b content of $8.57{\mu}g/mg$ and $3.83{\mu}g/mg$, respectively while the highest carotenoid content was found in MJ ml/L treatment with $1.62{\mu}g/mg$. Among elicitor treated-YBS, SA showed better TPC. The highest TPC was found in SA 1.38 mg/L treatment with 18.82 mg/g TAE. Likewise, SA 1.38 mg/L showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity among all the treatments. However, the lowest TPC was found in ALF 1ml/L treated-YBS with 9.46 mg/g TAE, which was even lower than the control (14.31 mg/g TAE).

• Water for future
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.355-364
• /
• 1986

This research was carried out to decide both in the field and the laboratory the similarity between the erosion and the accretion in the change of the beach profile. The results obtained were as follows: (1) It was impossible to decide only by C value the similarity between the erosion and the accretion of the actual beach by application of Horikawa's theory. (2) It was difficult to decide the similarity only by values of $H_//L_0$ formula. (3) Observation of dimensionless value of $H_//L_0$ and C, $H_//L_0$ and $L_{sr}$ in the field and the laboratory showed that there was a similarity between the erosion and the accretion which set in at 0.024 of $H_//L_0$. (4) The Knowlege of the wave steepness would help to discriminate the erosion and the accretion.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.813-823
• /
• 1998

This paper analyzed the circularly polarized conformal microstrip patch antennal using the unsplit anisotropic perfectly matched layer(UAPML) method. Also, this paper are treated effectively the edge and corner parts on the 3 dimensional UAPML. Especially, to analyze microstrip patch antennas with the coaxial feeder line, it was applied to mixed the UAPML with Mur's first order absorbing boundary condition. Therefore this paper suggest the new the method to mix the UAPML with Mur's first order absorbing boundary condition. The results show the time responses of electromagnetics $E_z$ and $H\chi'$, input impedances of coaxial cable and radiation patterns of strip parchs on the single and the array patchs with central frequencies 1.575 GHz, 1.778 GHz and 4.8 GHz in L-band and C-band for mobile communication. The results of this paper shows that its results was compared the Mur's first order abc and mixed the second order dispersion boundary condition(SDBC) with the Mur's first order absorbing boundary condition. In accordance with, the validity of the method is confirmed.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.188-193
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria, useful in the fermentation industry from Hahyangju Nuruk. Five strains were isolated, and identified as Lactobacillus based on growth inhibition by 10% (v/v) alcohol at pH 4.0. Isolated strains were identified to species, and named Lactobacillus plantarum L-3, L. sakei L-10, and L. curvatus strains L-8, L-11, and L-12. Morphological characteristics, physiological data, carbohydrate fermentation patterns, and 16S rRNA sequence data, were all used to characterize the bacterial isolates. L. plantarum L-3 showed the highest lactic acid productivity of all isolates, but grew only poony in the presence of 10% (v/v) alcohol at pH 4.0. The other strains exhibited lower lactic acid productivity than did L. plantarum L-3 and did not grow in the presence of 10% (v/v) alcohol at pH 4.0. The optimal temperature and pH for lactic acid production were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0 7.0, respectively. The lactic acid productivity of L. plantarum L-3, L. sakei L-10 and the three L. curvatus strains L-8, L-11, and L-12 were (% v/v of culture supematant) 1.55, 1.0, 1.06, 1.0, and 0.99, respectively, at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. While L. plantarum L-3 suffered growth inhibition in the presence of 10% (v/v) alcohol, growth of the other strains was inhibited at 8% (v/v) alcohol.