• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.339-356
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors which influence the college student sex behavior. The results can be used as the basis to establish health polices and a health promotion program to reduce the risks of sexual behavior of college students. The study subjects were random selected from college students in Kyonggido. The 335 subjects were selected from 4 schools including three colleges and one university. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 350 students, 335 of which were analyzed (after excluding the 15 incomplete or inaccurate data). The study took place between December 7-19, 1998. Regarding the analysis method, the SPSS program was used. The relationship between social and demographic characteristics and relevant factors was identified through Chi-squared test. The major findings of the study were follows: 1. Of the 335 respondents, thirty seven percent of men and ten percent of women had already experienced sexual intercourse. Significantly more males had experienced sexual experience than women. The majority of students, living with both their parents had less sexually experience than that living without their parents. There were religious differences, that students who believed in buddhism had more sexual experience than christian or catholic students. Students who reported drinking alcohol frequently had more sexual experience than those who didn't and it was statistically significant (${\chi}^2=47.6$ df=4 p=0.000). 2. Sexual awareness was relatively low. High level group of sex knowledge were less sexual experience than middle or low level group (${\chi}^2=6.038$ df=2 p=0.049). Women were more sexually aware than men (${\chi}^2=20.814$ df=2 p=0.000). Groups who had sisters and brothers were more sexually aware than those who few sisters and brothers. 3. Sixty one percent of respondents said that chastity before marriage should be kept but twenty four percent of them felt that it was unnecessary. Opponents to chastity before marriage had more sex experience than those for. It was statistically significant (${\chi}^2=48.967$ df=2 p=0.000). Those who agreed with the questionnaire point 'Even if people are not married, if they love each other, they can have sexual intercourse.' had more sexual intercourse than those who didn't agree. Those who agreed with the questionnaire point 'Even though people doesn't like, they can still have sexual intercourse.' had more sexual intercourse than those who disagree. On this point, men were three times higher of the opinion than women. So we can see the difference in the perception between men and women. As a result of this study, sexual awareness influences sexual attitudes and sexual attitudes influence sexual awareness influences sexual activity includes poor knowledge and uninformed attitudes about sex. Therefore sex education is needed and it is very important to reestablish concepts about sex.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제36호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to present the design guidelines of residential unit for the elderly by investigating their needs and preferences. The results of this study will be utilized to develop the alternative elderly housing which is appropriate for the Korean culture. To perform an empirical analysis, the existing data collected in 2000 for the study of silver industry In Ulsan were used. The subjects were 292 elderly aged 65 and over living in Ulsan. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies, percentage, and Chi-squared test with cross-tabulations. About 70% of the elderly respondents preferred more than 49.5$m^2$(15-pyung) for the size of residential unit and about 50% of them wanted to have bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and living room In the unit. Most elderly (72%) did not prefer to select interior finishes for their units by themselves. Surprisingly, the elderly did not want to bring their own furniture when relocating to the elderly housing, which was somewhat different result from previous studies. There were significant differences between preferred unit size and level of education, income, and living with or without spouse. Also, income and health status were the characteristics of elderly which made differences in preferred space composition.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing fundus examination to prevent diabetic retinopathy in diabetes patients to provide basic data to improve screening rates of fundus examinations. Methods: Raw data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey, were used in this study. The subjects of the study were 1,029 adult diabetes patients over the age of 19 years who had been diagnosed with diabetes. The demographic characteristics, diabetes and disease-related characteristics and health behavior characteristics according to the fundus examinations were analyzed by the chi-squared test and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the factors influencing fundus examination. Results: A total of 333 patients underwent fundus examination at a screening rate of 32.2%. We identified factors influencing fundus examination in patients with diabetes as level of education, type of diabetes care, period of diabetes, and smoking. Conclusion: A multiple approach is required to raise the low screening rate of fundus examination, including specialized education for low-education groups. Moreover, nursing intervention should focus on subjects who do not engage in insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents and with diabetes for a long period.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of atmospheric plasma (APL) versus conventional surface treatments on the adhesion of self-adhesive resin cement to Ti-6Al-4V alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty plates of machined titanium (Ti) discs were divided into five groups (n=12): 1) Untreated (CNT); 2) Sandblasted (SAB); 3) Tribochemically treated (ROC); 4) Tungsten CarbideBur (TCB); 5) APL treated (APL). SEM analysis and surface roughness (Ra) measurements were performed. Self-adhesive resin cement was bonded to the Ti surfaces and shear bond strength (SBS) tests, Ra and failure mode examinations were carried out. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and chi-squared test. RESULTS. The lowest SBS value was obtained with CNT and was significantly different from all other groups except for APL. The ROC showed the highest SBS and Ra values of all the groups. CONCLUSION. It was concluded that the effect of APL on SBS and Ra was not sufficient and it may not be a potential for promoting adhesion to titanium.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.919-929
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine the relationship between periodontal disease and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) level. Methods: This study was conducted using the data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SPSS 18.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. The data were collected from 4,576 subjects aged ≥19 years. To analyze the association between periodontal disease and hs-CRP level, chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used. Results: Consequent to correcting all the disturbance variables, the moderate risk of hs-CRP was 1.39 times higher in patients with periodontal disease than in those without (OR=1.39; 95% CI:1.14-1.69), whereas the high risk of hs-CRP was 1.10 times but there was no statistical significance (OR=1.10; 95% CI:0.79-1.53). Conclusions: Periodontal disease contributes to raising the risk of systemic inflammation and hs-CRP from low to moderate. Periodontal disease is associated with an early rise in hs-CRP.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Kitchen has been an essential space and plays an important role in the house regardless of culture and regional differences. However, due to social and economical changes, kitchen is no longer used only for preparing food and dining which seem to be a traditional function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the additional functions of the kitchen and figure out the related variables. The survey method was used to collect data from 321 housewives living in the apartment sized over 99$\textrm{m}^2$(30 pyung) in Ulsan. The data were analyzed by SPSS/$PC^+$ with frequency, percent, and chi-squared test. The results of this study were: (1) Kitchen was now used for eating snacks(45.6%), keeping household account(42.5%), and chatting(41.6%). (2) Homemakers wanted to do laundry such as ironing, drying clothes, and folding clothes in the kitchen. However, there were several activities(i.e., grooming, rest and taking a nap, exercise) they do not want to do in the kitchen. (3) The variables which related to the additional functions of the kitchen were size of the apartment, age, and level of education. The findings of this study imply that there must be design considerations for chatting and keeping household account such as providing tables and comfortable chairs. In addition, new counter layout types should be developed based on needs of additional functions and related variables.

• 셀메드
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.31.1-31.8
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• 2013

This study has been geared to document primary information on common complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) used to treat and/or manage common dermatological disorders in Mauritius, a tropical multicultural island in the Indian Ocean. Data from 355 key informants was collected via a semi-structured questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Chi-squared test were performed to delineate any association. Quantitative indexes including the Importance Value (IV) and fidelity value were calculated. Results tend to indicate that cultural reasons were behind the use of CAM among Mauritians and traditional knowledge was mainly acquired either from parents/relatives or from self-experience. Among the medicinal plants mentioned, Aziadiracta indica (IV = 0.78) and Paederia tomentosa (IV = 0.70) were found to be most used plants. Calendula officinalis (IV = 0.15), Centella asiatica (IV = 0.22) and Agauria salicifolia (IV = 0.11) were also recorded to be used for common dermatological disorders though greatly under-utilised. Animal products were mentioned by 38.0% respondents and cow ghee was found to be commonly used in the management of measles (IV = 0.88). Spiritual healing was found to be used mainly for measles and warts. Given the plethora of novel information documented from the present survey, it can be suggested that the Mauritian population still relies to a great extent on CAM which needs to be preserved and used sustainably. Nonetheless, further investigation is required to probe the possible active constituents that could be the basis of an evidence based investigation to discover new drugs.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

Purpose - In this study, we consider and examine relationships between reasons for business switch or liquidation (BSL), and the demographics of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Korea. The related five variables are occupations, administrative districts, age of employer, firm age and foundation motivation. In addition, eleven levels in association with reasons for BSL visualize the corresponding demographics by measuring their similarity on the dimensional planes assuming that the association exists between variables under consideration. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is done by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups in 2016 and examines 20,307 small and medium enterprises. For examining the distinct relationships among variables under consideration, both chi-squared test and correspondence analysis as main statistical tools are used. Results - The results show that among levels of reasons for BSL the three levels -weakening profitability, poor sales and economic depression- are main ones for the five demographics variables mentioned above, and we can obtain the detailed associations between attributes of corresponding variables by inspecting the two dimensional plane. Conclusions - This study suggests reasons for BSL are closely associated with the five different demographics variables - Administrative districts, Firm age, Occupations, Age of employer and Foundation motivation-by looking over results.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.62.2-62.2
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• 2016

We present a newly developed algorithm based on a Bayesian method for 2D tilted-ring analysis of disk galaxies which operates on velocity fields. Compared to the conventional ones based on a chi-squared minimisation procedure, this new Bayesian-based algorithm less suffers from local minima of the model parameters even with high multi-modality of their posterior distributions. Moreover, the Bayesian analysis implemented via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling only requires broad ranges of posterior distributions of the parameters, which makes the fitting procedure fully automated. This feature is essential for performing kinematic analysis of an unprecedented number of resolved galaxies from the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) pathfinders' galaxy surveys. A standalone code, the so-called '2D Bayesian Automated Tilted-ring fitter' (2DBAT) that implements the Bayesian fits of 2D tilted-ring models is developed for deriving rotation curves of galaxies that are at least marginally resolved (> 3 beams across the semi-major axis) and moderately inclined (20 < i < 70 degree). The main layout of 2DBAT and its performance test are discussed using sample galaxies from Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations as well as artificial data cubes built based on representative rotation curves of intermediate-mass and massive spiral galaxies.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.443-456
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of private education, investigate the characteristics of private education patterns, and analyze the differences in study habits and academic achievement of youth on the basis of private education patterns. In this study, we used the data from the 2012 Panel of the Korea Children and Youth Panel Study by the National Youth Policy Institute. The subjects of this study were ninth-grade students and their parents. The statistical methods used for the analysis were two-step clustering, Chi-squared test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression. The major findings were as follows: first, private education was classified into three patterns, namely financial investment, time investment, and reduction of investment; and four categories, namely; private education methodology, private education time, private education expenses, and number of youth with access to private education. Second, the statistically significant socio-demographic characteristics of private education patterns were parents' education, parents' job type, father's working hours, sex of children, housing form, and income. Third, the study found that financial investment and a reduce of investment led to better study habits and academic achievement than time investment and no investment. Fourth, private education and study habits showed statistically meaningful effects on academic achievement; in particular, study habits had strong effects on academic achievement. Based on the results, a variety of educational programs for the improvement of the study habits of the youth were suggested.