• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.913-922
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate and offer useful information on natural dyeing underwear industry through an analysis of 20's purchasing behavior and design preference between male and female. From 600 questionnaires that were distributed, 512 with usable data were coded for further statistical analysis including descriptive statistics(frequency and chi-square test), by using SPSS 12.0 and the major results were as follows. Given that a large number of 20's purchase men's underwear by their parents, and women's of their own. It was found that the underwear for men in their 20's should be developed in an attempt to place greater emphasis on improving functions as an outerwear. It is important to strengthen the design and marketing strategy specially tailored to 20's of natural dyeing underwear products.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to develop a Parenting Stress Scale that measures the day-to-day difficulties entailed in parenting for school-aged children. First, sixty seven items were collected as a baseline. Some of these items were pooled from existing parenting stress scales(Abidin, 1990; Kim & Kang, 1997), and the rest were generated based on interviews with parents of school-aged children. Secondly, Chi-Square tests were conducted and framer's V coefficients were calculated to determine the goodness-of-fit of the items. Twenty four items were selected from this step. The results of a factor analysis on these 24 items revealed two dimensions of this new Parenting Stress Scale, namely, 'school-related parenting stress' and 'general everyday life stress'. A test of construct validity also showed that this scale has adequate internal consistency.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.30.1-30.7
• /
• 2015

Background: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) may be injured during extraction of the mandibular third molar, causing severe postoperative complications. Many methods have been described for evaluating the relative position between the mandibular third molar and the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) on panoramic radiography and computed tomography, but conventional radiography provides limited information on the proximity of these two structures. The present study assessed the benefits of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) prior to surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar, to prevent IAN damage. Methods: This retrospective study included 4917 extractions in 3555 patients who presented for extraction of the mandibular third molars. The cases were classified into three groups, according to anatomical relationship between the mandibular third molars and the IAC on panoramic radiography and whether 3D-CT was performed. Symptoms of IAN damage were assessed using the touch-recognition test. Data were compared using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Among the 32 cases of IAN damage, 6 cases were included in group I (0.35 %, n = 1735 cases), 23 cases in group II (1.1 %, n = 2063 cases), and 3 cases in group III (0.27 %, n = 1119 cases). The chi-square test showed a significant difference in the incidence of IAN damage between groups I and II. No significant difference was observed between groups I and III using Fisher's exact test. In the 6 cases of IAN damage in group I, the mandibular third molar roots were located lingual relative to the IAC in 3 cases and middle relative to the IAC in 3 cases. The overlap was ${\geq}2mm$ in 3 of 6 cases and 0-2 mm in the remaining 3 cases. The mean distance between the mandibular third molar and IAC was 2.2 mm, the maximum distance 12 mm, and the minimum distance 0.5 mm. Greater than 80 % recovery was observed in 15 of 32 (46.8 %) cases of IAN damage. Conclusions: 3D-CT may be a useful tool for assessing the three-dimensional anatomical relationship and proximity between the mandibular third molar and IAC in order to prevent IAN damage during extraction of mandibular third molars.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.83-100
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to comprehensively understand the recent status of domestic e-commerce market and provide useful information for the revitalization of domestic on-line economy. This study looks over the association between type of e-commerce and demographic variables for each purchase ordering and sales order business. The demographics under consideration is administrative district, occupation and business organization type and type of e-commerce is B2B, B2C and B2G to deal with. Research design, data, and methodology - From January 2017 to December 2017, about 14000 samples are extracted from all businesses with experience in purchasing or selling products or services through e-commerce. The association between the two categorical variables considered by using two major statistical techniques such as chi-square test and correspondence analysis can be quantitatively and visually detected. Result - This study shows the association between the type of e-commerce with the administrative district and the occupation is completely different, but B2B and B2C are identical for organization type, with respect to both purchase and sales orders. Conclusion - The association between the type of e-commerce with the administrative district and the occupation is completely different, but B2B and B2C are identical for organization type, with respect to both purchase and sales orders.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.14 no.3 s.62
• /
• pp.418-433
• /
• 2006

The purpose of present study was to examine the differences in effectiveness of internet apparel advertising using avatars as determined by the avatar involvement. After conducting a pilot test for 35 high school students, final data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey from 324 high school students living in Seoul area from July 18 to July 19, 2003; 317 were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by chi-square analysis, t-test, cluster analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. As a result, the subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the level of avatar involvement: high, middle and low involvement groups. There were significant differences in avatar advertising effects among the groups divided by avatar involvement. Those who indicated the higher levels of avatar involvement were more likely to be positive in the cognitive responses, emotional responses, advertising attitude, brand attitude, the stimulus degree of connection, and the recall rates of the brand name. Also, Vector imaging ads were found to be more effective in the brand name recall rates.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.487-497
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting length of stay(LOS) and death in tuberculosis(TB) patients by disease type, patient characteristic, admission and disease characteristic, and hospital characteristic from 2008 to 2017. Survey data was using Korean national hospital discharge in-depth survey data produced by Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Study subjects were 10,634 inpatients with TB(A15, A16, A17, A18, A19, U88.0, U88.1, U84.30, U84.31) and analyzed frequency, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression by using STATA 13.0. As a study result, the type of TB(extrapulmonary TB, multidrug-resistant TB, extensively drug-resistant TB), sex(woman), age(35-49, 50-64, 65-74, 75 years old or older), admission type(outpatient department), CCI(1-2 point, 3 point over), hospital location(metropolitan city) and bed size(300-499, 500-999, over 1000) were significantly influence LOS. Also, the type of TB(extrapulmonary TB, extensively drug-resistant TB), sex(woman), age(50-64, 65-74, 75 years old or older), residence(small town/rural), admission type(outpatient department), CCI(1-2 point, 3 point over), hospital location(provincial) were significantly influence death. In conclusion, the existing tuberculosis management has been patient management with rapid diagnosis and treatment following early detection. But other studies should be carried out for the system that identifies and supports high-risk groups of the long-term length of stay in hospital or high mortality rates as a result of treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 1998

This study aims to explore children's perception of, and satisfaction with, outdoor playground within their own residential area. In addition, it aims to provide essential data relevant to the building of outdoor playground for children which will both accord with their biological development and meet their needs. The subjects for this study were 866 children of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th grade living in Taegu Metropolitan City. Data were gathered via questionnaries and analysed by frequencies, percentile, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, scheff test, and regression analysis. The major findings of the study are as follows; 1. As regards the interest children showed in using the playground, the percentage of those who showed 'no interest' was higher than that of those who showed 'interest', indication that the children did not have a strong interest in using the playground. The older the children were, the lower was their degree of interest. 2. As regards desirable outdoor playground facilities, 'toilet' was considered the most important, followed by 'drinks facilities' and 'sunblinds', indicating that children were not satisfied with existing leisure and rest facilities. 3. As regards the degree to which children's satisfaction with the outdoor playground influenced their overall satisfaction, it was found that the higher their satisfaction was with the different kinds of play facilities, the patterns of play facilities and the layout of the play facilities, the higher was their overall satisfaction with the playground.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare with in fatty acid intakes between hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group, aged between 30 to 65 years old in women. The subjects were classified as hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were by means of a 24-hr recall method with food models and measuring tools. We analyzed both data sets together using analysis of variance the chi-square test and student's t-test(SPSS for WINDOWS, version 7.5). Significance was defied as a P value <0.05. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Mean age, BMI and percentage of postmenopausal women in hypercholesterolemia group were significantly higher than those of normocholesterolemia group. Percent of total energy from fat in hypercholesterolemia group tended to be higher than that in normocholesterolemia group. C16:0(Palmitic acid) and saturated fatty acids(SFA) intake of hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that of normocholesterolemia group. Therefore, women who suffered from hypercholesterolemia were recommended to control body weight and consume foods containing low SFA and cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.73-87
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in school adjustment and future time perspectives, according to the characteristics in regards to the role models of the children in institutional facilities. Data for this study were obtained from a survey conducted on 310 children aged 11-13. Data were analyzed using various statistical methods such as frequency analysis, chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and one-way ANCOVA. The main findings of this study were as follows. First, overall, the majority of children selected entertainers and celebrities as their role models. Also, we found differences in children's school adjustment according to their background variables (gender, staying with their siblings, and having parents alive). Second, having role models was significantly related to the levels of school adjustment as well as the positive future time perspectives of the children. Based on the results, practical implications for children in institutional care were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2006

Objectives: Pericoronitis was the most common indication for mandibular third molar surgery and there are no universally acceptable predictive criteria for pericoronitis occurrence. This study was designed to analyze the correlation of the pericoronitis and the eruption state of the mandibular third molar using panoramic radiographs statistically. Materials and Methods: 218 patients whose chief complaint was the extraction of the mandibular third molar were examined. The presence and absence of pericoronitis, age, sex, position of extraction site, angulation, impaction degree, position to the anterior border of mandibular ramus, distance between distal cementoenamel junction of second molar and mesial cementoenamel junction of the mandibular third molar were assessed. Then the correlation of pericoronitis and the eruption state of the mandibular third molar were analyzed by Student's t-test and chi-square test. Results: There was no correlation between Pericoronitis and age, sex, position of the mandibular third molar. The angulation(P=0.005), impaction degree(P=0.043), relation with anterior border of mandibular ramus(P=0.003), distance between distal cementoenamel junction of second molar and mesial cementoenamel junction of the mandibular third molar(P<0.05) were correlated with pericoronitis. Conclusions: The occurrence of the pericoronitis can be predicted by the eruption state of the mandibular third molar such as angulation, impaction degree, relation with anterior border of mandibular ramus, distance between distal cementoenamel junction of second molar and mesial cementoenamel junction of third molar.