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Effects of Ferrous Sulfate and Ascorbic Acid on In Vitro Fertility and Sperm Lipid Peroxidation in the Pig (돼지의 체외수정능력과 정자의 Lipid Peroxidation에 있어서 Ascorbic Acid와 Ferrous Sulfate의 영향)

  • Park, C. K.;J. Y. Ann;Kim, I. C.;Lee, J. H.;B. K. Yang;Kim, C. I.;H. T. Cheong
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.317-325
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    • 2001
  • This study investigated the effect of ferrous sulfate (Fe$^{2+}$) and/or ascorbic acid (Asc) on fertilizing ability in vitro of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Using chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence, the spermatozoa was treated in preincubation medium with control, Fe$^{2+}$(1 mM), Asc (0.5 mM) and Fe$^{2+}$Asc to assessed for acrosome reaction, and the oocyte penetration test to determine whether the Fe$^{2+}$ and/or Asc can promote the penetration ability in vitro. When frozen-thawed spermatozoa was washed with preincubation medium, there were significantly (P < 0.05) more acrosome-reacted in medium with Fe$^{2+}$Asc (38%) than control (27%). The penetration rates were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in medium with Fe$^{2+}$Asc (76%) than control (55%). Next, the lipid peroxidation of sperm was evaluated on the basis of malondialdehyde production following same treatments. The addition of Fe$^{2+}$Asc to sperm suspension increases the formation of malondialdehyde. However, there were not significantly different under the all conditions. The sperm suspension were also treated with control, Fe$^{2+}$, Asc and Fe$^{2+}$/Asc and assayed for sulfhydry1(-SH) group content. In the Fe$^{2+}$/Asc group, sperm-SH group were higher than another groups. In spermatozoa treated with Fe$^{2+}$ and/or Asc, however, no changes in sperm -SH-groups were detected when compared to controls. In another experiment, the activity of sperm binding to zona pellucida was evaluated through binding to salt-stored porcine oocytes. In control and Asc treatment groups, sperm binding to zona pellucida were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in medium with Fe$^{2+}$. On the other hand, there is not a significant increase in binding to zona pellucida with spermatozoa treated by Fe$^{2+}$/Asc. In summary, the present study suggests that Fe$^{2+}$/Asc causes an enhancement in fertilizing ability that is associated with penetration rate increased without change of spermatozoa binding capacity to homologous zona pellucida.o homologous zona pellucida.

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Effect of Bisphenol A Administration on Reproductive Characteristic and Blood Metabolite in Mice (BPA의 투여가 생쥐의 번식특성과 혈액성분에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, D.H.;Jang, H.Y.;Park, C.K.;Cheong, H.T.;Kim, C.1.;Yang, B.K.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.957-966
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    • 2004
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA on reproductive characteristic and blood hematological and chemical values in mice. The male mice were intraperitoneally injected BPA in native control(no treatment), positive control(corn oil, 3$m\ell$/kg B.W), 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA/kg B.W and female mice were injected BPA in control(corn oil, 3$m\ell$/kg B.W), 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA/kg B.W with 5 times at 3 days interval for 14 days. The administration of BPA in male mice didn't affect the body and reproductive organ weight such as testis, epididymis, vesicular gland and coagulating gland. We found that the 5.0mg BPA group was significantly reduced the sperm concentration and increased the sperm abnormality compared to native, positive control and 0.05mg BPA groups(P<0.05), but any other effects were not found in sperm viability and motility in BPA treatment groups. The RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, BUN and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values in male were not different in all experimental groups(P>0.05). However, the value of WBC was slightly lower in BPA treatment groups than that of control groups and PLT was slightly higher in BPA groups than that of control groups, but not significantly defference among the experimental groups(P>0.05). In female mice, the effects of BPA on body weight didn’t affect in all experimental groups, but ovary weights in 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA groups were significantly increased compared to those in control and 0.05mg BPA group(P<0.05). The uterine weight in BPA groups was slightly higher than that of control group, but not significantly different in all experimental groups(P>0.05). The RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values in female were not different in all experimental groups(P>0.05). The values of WBC and PLT in BPA groups were slightly higher than that of control, but not significantly different among the experimental groups. The concentration of BUN was the higher in BPA groups than that of control group. The histological evaluation of testis, ovary and uterus were not different in all experimental groups.

A study of Association of the H-FABP RFLP with Economic Traits of Pigs (돼지 H-FABP 유전자의 다형성 및 경제 형질과의 연관성 구명)

  • Choi, B.H.;Kim, T.H.;Lee, J.W.;Cho, Y.M.;Lee, H.Y.;Cho, B.W.;Cheong, I.C.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.703-710
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to detect association between genetic variation and economic trait in the porcine heart type fatty acid-binding protein gene as a candidate gene for the traits related with growth and meat quality in pigs. The H-FABP is a 15-kDa protein expressed in several tissues with high demand for fat metabolism such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and lactating mammary gland. H-FABP is small intracellular protein involved in fatty acid transport from the plasma membrane to the site of $\beta$-oxidation and/or triacylglycerol or phospholipid synthesis. In this study, H-FABP PCR-RFLP was performed in F$_2$ population composed of 214 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native Boars and Landrace sows. PCR products from two primer sets within H-FABP gene were amplified in 850bp and 700bp. Digestion of PCR products with the restriction digestion enzymes HaeⅢ and HinfⅠ, revealed fragment length polymorphisms(RFLPs). The genotype frequencies from H-FABP/HaeⅢ was .29 for genotype DD, .53 for genotype Dd, and .15 for genotype dd, respectively. The genotype frequencies of HH, Hh, and hh from H-FABP/HinfⅠ was .38, .41 and .20, respectively, in the population. Relationships between their genotypes and economic traits were estimated. In H-FABP/HaeⅢ locus, there were specific genotypes(Dd and dd) associated with economic traits such as body weights at 3, 5, 12, and 30 week of age (p〈.05 to .001). The ‘d’ allele was associated with gaining of body weight. In H-FABP/HinfⅠ locus, Genotypes of HH and Hh associated with growth traits such as body weights at 5, 12, and 30 week of age (p〈.05 or p〈.001) and back fat thickness, body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat (p〈.001) and intramuscular fat(p〈.05) The ‘H’ allele was positively associated with gaining of body weight and fatness deposition. In conclusion, a significant association of the H-FABP gene from its genetic variation was found on body weight, intramuscular fat and backfat thickness.

Association Study between Porcine LEPR-derived Microsatellite Polymorphisms and Economic Traits (돼지 leptin receptor내 초위성체 다형성과 경제형질과의 연관성 구명)

  • Choi, B.H.;Kim, T.H.;Cho, Y.M.;Lee, H.Y.;Jeon, J.T.;Cheong, I.C.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.679-688
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    • 2003
  • The leptin receptor gene(LEPR) produces a high affinity receptor that mediates the regulation of the leptin gene. Leptin secreted from adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating feed intake and energy balance. In this study, a microsatellite marker within LEPR was selected and genotyped for the F2 population composed of 354 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native boars and Landrace sows. Totally, six alleles (255, 259, 261, 263, 265 and 267bp) and nineteen genotypes were detected in the population, of which the CE (261/265), CC (261/261) and EE (265/265) types were observed by 20.0%, 10.1% and 9.6%, respectively. Relationships between their genotypes and economic traits were analyzed. We found specific genotypes associated with economic traits such as body weight at 12 weeks of age/body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat/shear force (P〈0.001), body weight of 30 weeks of age (P〈0.01) and body weight of 3 weeks of age/back fat thickness (P〈0.05). The DD (263/263) and DF (263/267) types were associated with body weight at 3, 5, 12 and 30 weeks of age. The DF (263/267) type showed a highly significant effect on back fat thickness and body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat. The DF (263/267) type showed positive effect on shear force, whereas the BB (259/259) and DD (263/263) types negatively affected on tenderness.

Effects of Raising Farm on Genetic Evaluation for Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Cows (사육농가의 효과가 한우 암소의 도체형질 유전 평가에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chang-Woo;Lee, Cheong-Mook;Lee, Sung-Jin;Song, Young-Han;Lee, Jeong-Koo;Kim, Jong-Bok
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.325-332
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    • 2011
  • This research was conducted to analyze the effects of raising farm on the heritability and breeding values of Hanwoo cows for their carcass traits, including cold carcass weight (CWT), back-fat thickness (BFT), eye-muscle area (EMA) and marbling score (MAR). The carcass data and pedigree data were collected from steers raised on Hanwoo farms in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, South Korea. Three analytical models were applied for the estimation of heritabilities and breeding values. The first model (model 1) included slaughter house-year-month combination as fixed effects and age at slaughter was fitted as linear and quadratic covariates. The second model (model 2) was similar to model 1, but raising farm was additionally included as random effect. The third model (model 3) was similar to model 1 but farm effects were additionally included as fixed effect. The comparisons between the model 1 and the models including farm effect (model 2 and model 3) revealed that heritability estimates from model 2 or model 3 were smaller to those from model 1 for all carcass traits. Especially, obvious decrease of heritability was observed in CWT where heritability was 0.23 from model 1, 0.15 from model 2 and 0.18 from model 3. The maximum log likelihood of the model 2 and 3 were higher than those of model 1 for all traits. In model 2 that raising farm was included as a random effect, the ratio of farm variance to the total phenotypic variance were ranged from 4% (EMA) to 18% (CWT). Top 10% and bottom 10% of female cows were selected based on the breeding values from model 1, and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients among models were estimated for each trait within selected group. The correlation coefficients were ranged from 0.57 to 0.95 in top 10% group and from 0.68 to 0.95 in bottom 10% group. These results show that the discrepancies in the rankings of breeding values can be based on the models applied. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study suggest that the herd effect or farm effect should be included in the analytical model when breeding values are estimated with the purpose of improvement of carcass traits of Hanwoo breeding cows.

Effects of Selenium Supplement on Germination, Sprout Growth and Selenium Uptake in Four Vegetables (셀레늄 처리가 4가지 채소종자 발아와 싹의 생장 및 셀레늄 흡수 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Cheong, Yong-Hwa;Han, Myung-Ja;Sung, Sun-Jin;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Kang, Jong-Gu;Sohn, Bo-Kyoon;Heo, Jong-Soo;Cho, Ju-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.179-185
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selenium treatment on the growth of vegetables sprout. Four vegetables, such as cabbage, lettuce, pak-choi and leaf mustard were examined under various selenium treatments (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg $L^{-1}$). Seed germinations in cabbage, pak-choi and leaf mustard were significantly inhibited at high concentration of selenium treatment. However, seed germination in lettuce was not much inhibited. Growth characteristics, such as soot length, root length, fresh weight and chlorophyll contents, were not much decreased at 1 mg $L^{-1}$ of selenium and then significantly inhibited with the increase of selenium concentration at above 5 mg $L^{-1}$ in all four vegetables. The selenium content increased linearly with the increase of selenium concentration. At the range of 1 to 25 mg $L^{-1}$ of selenium treatment, selenium contents in vegetables were 0.11 to 1.15 of cabbage, 0.16 to 0.61 of lettuce, 0.13 to 1.31 of pak-choi and 0.14 to 1.13 mg $g^{-1}$dw of leaf mustard, respectively. These results showed that treatment of selenium with the range of 1 to 5 mg $L^{-1}$ could be used to produce the selenium enriched vegetable sprouts.

Changes of Frozen-Thawed Semen Characteristics in Miniature Pig and Duroc (Miniature Pig와 Duroc 종간의 동결-융해 후 정액 성상 비교)

  • Lee, Y.S.;Choi, W.C.;Lee, S.H.;Cheong, H.T.;Lee, S.Y.;Yang, B.K.;Park, C.K.
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.263-271
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was undertaken to compare ability of frozen-thawed sperm characteristics between two strains (miniature pig and Duroc). The semen was collected by gloved-hand method into a pre-warmed ($37^{\circ}C$) thermos bottle. The semen was diluted with same volume extender and added to LEY solution for freezing. The diluted semen was placed in 0.5 ml straws, and freezing was initiated by exposing the straws to liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) vapours for 10 min before placing them into $LN_2$ for cryopreservation. The frozen-semen straw were thawed at 20, 37 and $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 min, 45 sec and 10 sec within water-bath. The semen sample were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h after incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for analysis of sperm ability. Abnormality of spermatozoa in miniature pig was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Duroc at 0, 9 and 12 h of post-thawing incubation after frozen-thawing. The percentage of F-patterned spermatozoa in miniature pig was significantly (p<0.05) lower, while the percentage of AR (acrosome reacted spermatozoa) pattern was higher in the miniature than in the Duroc. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the viability of spermatozoa thawed at different temperature ($20^{\circ}C\;and\;37^{\circ}C$) between two species, but the viability in miniature pig was higher (p<0.05) than in Duroc when sperm was thawed at $50^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, this study suggest that suitable freezing method for miniature pig semen is required for increasing post-thawing viability and fertilization capacity.

Investigation of Norovirus Occurrence and Influence of Environmental Factors in Food Service Institutions of ChungCheong Area (충청지역 집단급식소의 노로바이러스 실태조사와 환경요인의 영향)

  • Jung, Woo-Young;Eom, Joon-Ho;Kim, Byeong-Jo;Yun, Min-Ho;Ju, In-Sun;Kim, Chang-Soo;Kim, Mi-Ra;Byun, Jung-A;Park, You-Gyoung;Son, Sang-Hyuck;Lee, Eun-Mi;Jung, Rae-Seok;Na, Mi-Ae;Yuk, Dong-Yeon;Gang, Ji-Yeon;Heo, Ok-Sun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the appearance of norovirus in the water for food in food service institutions and the influence of physicochemical and microbial factors of norovirus in order to work out basic data to predict the detection of norovirus. Among 82 samples of water for food in food service institutions, norovirus appeared in 7 samples and the rate of appearance was 8.5%. As for the type of norovirus, one samples contained GI type (genotype GI-6) and six samples contained GII type (genotype GII-2, GII-4, GII-12). In the regression model of prediction of norovirus, the rate of appearance was correlated with $NH_3$-N, total solids and the consumption of $KMnO_4$, out of such variables as $NH_3$-N, total solids, the consumption of $KMnO_4$, depth, chloride and total colony counts, and its contribution rate for effectiveness was 78.60%. In order to examine the influential factor of environment upon the detection of norovirus, Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out. The predictable regression formula for appearance rate of norovirus was expressed as -1.818 + 42.677 [$NH_3$-N] + 0.023 [total solids] + 0.762 [consumption of $KMnO_4$] -0.009 [depth] -0.146 [chloride] + 0.007 [total colony counts] (R = 0.904, $R^2$ = 0.818, adjusted $R^2$ = 0.786, p < 0.05). The most influential factors upon the detection of norovirus were $NH_3$-N, total solids and the consumption of $KMnO_4$. In other words, when the measured values of $NH_3$-N, total solids and the consumption of $KMnO_4$ were higher, the possibility of appearance of norovirus increased.

Neutralization of Pyrophyllite Mine Wastes by the Lime Cake By-Product (부산석회를 이용한 납석광산 폐석의 중화처리)

  • Yoo, Kyung-Yoal;Cheong, Young-Wook;Ok, Yong-Sik;Yang, Jae-E.
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.215-221
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    • 2005
  • Numerous abandoned or closed mines are present in the steep mountain valleys in Korea due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. From the mines, enormous amounts of wastes were dumped on the slopes causing sedimentation and acid mine drainage to be discharged directly into streams causing detrimental effects on surrounding environment. Objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of the lime cake by-product from the soda ash production (Solvay process) to neutralize the pyrophyllite mine wastes, which have discharged the acid drainage to soil and stream in the watershed. The pH of mine wastes was strongly acidic at pH 3.67 containing over 16% of $Al_2O_3$ and 11% of $Fe_2O_3$. Whereas the lime cake by-product was strongly basic at pH 9.97 due to high contents of CaO, MgO and $CaCl_2$ as major components. Column experiments were conducted to test the neutralizing capacity of the lime cake by-product for the acidic pyrophyllite mine wastes. The column packed with the wastes (control) was treated with the lime cake by-product, calcium carbonate, the dressing soil or combination. The distilled water was eluted statically through the column and the leachate was collected for the chemical analyses. Treatments of the mine wastes with the lime cake by-product (or calcium carbonate) as mixtures increased pH of the leachate from $3.5{\sim}4.0\;to\;7{\sim}8$. Concentrations of Fe and Al in the leachate were also decreased below 1.0 mg $L^{-1}$. A Similar result was observed at the combined treatments of the mine waste, the lime by-product (or calcium carbonate) and the dressing soil. The results indicated that the lime cake by-product could sufficiently neutralize the acid drainage from the pyrophyllite mine wastes without dressing soils.

Effects of Arsenite and Antioxidants on Sperm Motility, Plasma Membrane Integrity, Mitochondrial Activity, and Lipid Peroxidation in Pigs (돼지정자의 운동성, 원형질막 온전성, 미토콘드리아 기능성 및 원형질막 지질과산화에 미치는 arsenite 및 항산화제의 영향)

  • Kim, Han-Su;Lee, Yu-Sub;Lee, Sang-Hee;Cheong, Hee-Tae;Park, Choon-Keun;Lee, Seunghyung;Yang, Boo-Keun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.517-523
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    • 2017
  • This study was to investigate the role of antioxidants on the characteristics of arsenite-damaged boar semen. Collected sperm was diluted with semen extender, and $100{\mu}M$ arsenite was used for sperm damage. Then melatonin, silymarin, curcumin, and vitamin E were applied for 3, 6, and 9 hr in arsenite-treated boar sperm. Sperm characteristics were then analyzed for motility, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and lipid peroxidation. In the results, sperm motility (control, $77.3{\pm}1.8%$) was decreased by arsenite ($33.3{\pm}1.5%$), while the antioxidant treatment groups (100 nM melatonin, $55.8{\pm}3.4%$; $2{\mu}M$ silymarin, $48.8{pm}3.4%$; $10{\mu}M$ curcumin, $53.9{\pm}2.8%$; and $500{\mu}M$ vitamin E, $54.5{\pm}3.1%$) showed increases compared to the arsenite group (p<0.05). $100{\mu}M$ arsenite decreased the sperm plasma membrane integrity ($24.5{\pm}1.6%$) and mitochondrial activity ($58.2{\pm}2.6%$), and increased lipid peroxidation ($5.3{\pm}0.2%$) at 3 hr (p<0.05). However, arsenite-treated samples with 100 nM melatonin, $2{\mu}M$ silymarin, $10{\mu}M$ curcumin, and $500{\mu}M$ vitamin E increased the plasma membrane integrity and mitochondria activity, and decreased lipid peroxidation compared to the arsenite-treated samples. In summary, arsenite may induce sperm damage and oxidation stress, while antioxidants such as melatonin, silymarin, curcumin, and vitamin E are useful for maintaining sperm characteristics. Therefore, antioxidants can protect sperm against damage by arsenite in fresh boar semen.