• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2014

This study presents a review on Chemical looping combustion (CLC) development, design aspects and modeling. The CLC is in fact an unmixed combustion based on the transfer of oxygen to the fuel by a solid oxygen carrier material avoiding the direct contact between air and fuel. The CLC process is considered as a very promising combustion technology for power plants and chemical industries due to its inherent capability of $CO_2$ capturing, which avoids extra separation costs of the of $CO_2$ from the rest of flue gases. This review covers the issues related to oxygen carrier materials. The modeling works are reviewed and different aspects of modeling are considered, as well. The main drawbacks and future research and prospects are remarked.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2009

Natural gas combustion characteristics of mass produced oxygen carrier particles were investigated in a batch type bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Five particles, NiO/bentonite, OCN601-650, OCN702-1100, OCN703-950, OCN703-1100 were used as oxygen carrier particles. Natural gas and air were used as reactants for reduction and oxidation, respectively. During reduction reaction, high fuel conversion and high $CO_2$ selectivity were achieved for most of oxygen carriers. During oxidation, NO emission was very low. These results indicate that inherent $CO_2$ separation and low NOx combustion are feasible for the natural gas fueled chemical-looping combustion system. Among the five oxygen carriers, OCN703-1100 particle was selected as the best candidate for demonstration of long-term operation in large-scale chemical-looping combustor from the viewpoints of fuel conversion, $CO_2$ selectivity, $CH_4$ concentration, and CO concentration.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.141-147
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• 2005

LNG combustion characteristics of oxygen carrier particles were investigated in a batch type bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Three particles, NiO/bentonite, $NiO/NiAl_2O_4$, $CO_xO_y/CoAl_2O_4$, were used as oxygen carrier particles and LNG and air were used as reactants for reduction and oxidation, respectively. In the reducer, high gas conversion and high $CO_2$ selectivity were achieved for all three particles. In the oxidizer, NOx was not detected. The results of exhaust gas analysis showed that inherent $CO_2$ separation and NOx-free combustion are possible in the LNG fueled chemical-looping combustion system with NiO/bentonite, $NiO/NiAl_2O_4$ and $Ca_xO_y/CoAl_2O_4$ particles.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

For gaseous fuel combustion with inherent $CO_2$ capture and low NOx emission, chemical-looping combustion(CLC) may yield great advantages of savings of energy to $CO_2$ separation and suppressing the effect on environment. In chemical-looping combustor, fuel is oxidized by metal oxide medium (oxygen carrier particle) in a reduction reactor. Reduced particles are transported to oxidation reactor and oxidized by air and recycled to reduction reactor. The fuel and the air are never mixed, and the gases from reduction reactor, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$, leave the system as separate stream. The $H_2O$ can be easily separated by condensation and pure $CO_2$ is obtained without any loss of energy for separation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate inherent $CO_2$ separation and no NOx emission and to confirm high $CO_2$ selectivity, no side reaction (i.e., carbon deposition, hydrogen generation) by continuous reduction and oxidation experiment in a 50kWtb chemical-looping combustor. NiO/bentonite particle was used as a bed material and $CH_4$ and air were used as reacting gases for reduction and oxidation respectively.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2018

To confirm the operating range of two oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion system, the effects of operating variables on solid circulation rate were measured and discussed using a two-interconnected circulating fluidized bed system at ambient temperature and pressure. Moreover, suitable operating ranges to avoid choking of the fast fluidized bed (air reactor) were confirmed for two oxygen carriers. A continuous long-term operation of steady-state solid circulation more than 24 hours was also demonstrated within the operating windows. Finally we could confirm that those two oxygen carriers are suitable for chemical looping combustion system with high solid circulation rate and smooth solid circulation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2003

A new kind of oxygen carrier material is tested for chemical-looping combustion. NiO, CoO, $Fe_2O_3$ is chosen as metal oxide and YSZ as a binder. Hydrogen fuel is reacted with metal oxide (reduction of metal oxide) and then the reduced metal is successively oxidized by air. Dissolution method is examined to prepare the oxygen carriers. The effects of reaction temperature are measured by a TGA, mechanical strength and regenerability after 10 cycle are examined. $Fe_2O_3/YSZ$ oxygen carrier is bested in mechanical strength and we consider that NiO/YSZ after 3rd cycle are good oxygen carrier in according to reactor design.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2011

To check adaptability of low ash coal(hyper coal) to chemical looping combustion, reaction characteristics of two coals (Roto and Hyper coal) with two oxygen carriers (NiO/bentonite, OCN703-1100) have been investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Hyper coal represented low combustion rate and high ignition temperature, high volatile content and high devolatilization rate, and therefore, showed worse oxygen transfer during successive 10 cycle reduction-oxidation test than Roto coal. Finally we selected Roto coal as the candidate coal for chemical looping combustion. For Roto coal, OCN703-1100 particle showed better oxygen transfer than NiO/bentonite particle. During 10 cycle reduction oxidation test, change of the extent of oxidation (Wo) was negligible and we could conclude that both oxygen carriers have sufficient regeneration ability.

• 청정기술
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

순산소 연소 기술 중 $CO_2$ 회수 비용 절감 효과가 가장 우수한 케미컬루핑연소(chemical looping combustion, CLC) 기술의 핵심인 산소전달입자의 선정을 위해 환원반응 특성 및 물리화학적 특성에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 세 종류의 산소전달입자(SDN70, N018-R2, N016-R4)를 대상으로 기포유동층 반응기에서 환원반응기체의 농도 및 환원 반응 온도 변화에 따른 산소전달입자의 연료전화율(fuel conversion)과 $CO_2$ 선택도($CO_2$ selectivity)를 측정 및 비교 분석하였다. 또한 산소전달입자의 마모손실 정도 및 입자의 표면 특성을 분석하기 위해 내마모도(Attrition Index, AI) 및 BET surface area를 측정하였다. 결과적으로 세 종류의 산소전달입자 모두 케미컬루핑연소 시스템에 활용하기 적합함을 확인하였으며, 가장 우수한 입자는 N016-R4로 판단되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2004

Redox characteristics of cobalt oxide-based oxygen carriers were tested for chemical-looping combustion. Cobalt oxide was chosen as active metal oxide and $CoAl_2O_4$ was compared with YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia) as a binder. Cobalt oxide/$CoAl_2O_4$ was prepared by sol-gel method. Hydrogen fuel was reacted with metal oxide and then the reduced metal was successively oxidized by air. The effects of reaction temperature were measured and the regenerabilies during 10 cycles were examined by a TGA. In regenerability of cobalt oxide/YSZ and cobalt oxide/$CoAl_2O_4$, after they showed above 90% conversion in first reduction, they were stabilized in about 70-75% conversion. From reaction rate constant obtained, the activation energies of cobalt oxide/YSZ in oxidation and reduction were 51.47kJ/mol and 7.71kJ/mol respectively.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2018

To select the operating condition of 0.5 MWth chemical looping combustion system, minimum fluidization velocity, transition velocity to fast fluidization and solid circulation rate were measured using mass produced new oxygen carrier (N016-R4) which produced by spray drying method for 0.5 MWth chemical looping combustion system. A minimum fluidization velocity decreased as the pressure increased. The measured transition velocity to fast fluidization was 2.0 m/s at ambient temperature and pressure. The measured solid circulation rate increased as the solid control valve opening increased. We could control the solid circulation rate from 26 to $93kg/m^2s$. Based on the measured minimum fluidization velocity and transition velocity to fast fluidization, we choose appropriate operating conditions and demonstrated continuous solid circulation at high pressure condition (5 bar-abs) up to 24 hours.