• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.969-980
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• 2016

유기질비료를 이용한 벼 재배 시 토양의 화학성 변화와 활용가능성을 평가하기 위하여 본 실험을 진행하였다. 토양의 화학성 변화에서는 5년간 벼 재배에 유기질비료를 사용한 결과 유기질비료를 사용한 실험구들이 대조구에 비하여 pH, 유기물함량, 유효인산함량의 증가가 매년 지속적으로 증가하는 것이 확인되었으며, 유기질비료의 사용량에 따른 차이는 크지 않았다. 수량 구성요소 면에서도 유기질비료를 사용한 실험구들은 대조구와 비교 시에 영화수와 등숙률은 통계적 차이가 인정되지 않았으며, 천립중과 수확량 면에서는 대조구보다 높은 수준으로 실험구 4의 천립중이 29.11 kg으로 가장 높은 수준이었고 수확량도 10 a당 222 kg과 267 kg을 사용한 실험구 3과 실험구 4는 576 kg과 572 kg으로 대조구의 549 kg에 비하여 4.7%와 4.1%가 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 현미의 품질 면에서도 완전립 비율은 대조구와 실험구들은 83.2-85.7% 수준으로 통계적차이가 없었으며 단백질함량 면에서는 유기질비료의 사용량이 많은 실험구 3과 4가 6.9-7.1% 수준으로 대조구 7.5%보다 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 상기와 같은 결과로 볼 때 유기질비료를 장기간 사용하였을 경우에는 토양의 화학성을 개선하고 수량 면에서도 관행적인 시비법보다 증수되는 것이 확인되었으며 효과적인 시비방법은 유기질비료를 10 a당 222 kg 이상 사용하는 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBB) with chemical (NPK) fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of mulberry variety Kanva-2. Their influences on silkworm growth and cocoon characters were also studied. Ten different CBB and NPK fertilizer treatments were given to 5000 plants of established mulberry garden. Treatments were of four types viz., (i) T1 to T7: single and combination dose of CBB+50% NPK (ii) T8: combination dose of CBB + 25%NPK, (iii) T9: CBB only and (iv) T10: control-l00% NPK. Soil pH decreased and nutrients status increased in CBB (T1- T9) treated plots. Average of ten crops data on quantitative traits revealed that T7 (CBB [N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0) and S. millei (1.0 g)] + 50% NPK) was very effective in improving growth parameters. Leaf yield was also found high in treatment T7 (32.12 tons/ha/yr.) followed by T10 (31.17 tons/ha/yr.) and T8 (27.67 tons/ha/yr.). Leaf quality characters were found high in T7 and low in T9. Most of the quality traits in T7 are on par with control no. The results revealed that reduction in the dose of chemical fertilizers in T7 did not affect the leaf yield and leaf quality traits of mulberry. This clearly indicates that the efficiency of CBB (T7) provides nitrogen, increases essential nutrients available in soil, maintain soil pH and supply growth substances required for the improvement of leaf yield and leaf quality of mulberry. Bioassay study also revealed no significant difference in silkworm growth and cocoon characters between treatments T7 and T10. Economics calculated revealed that T7 is highly economical and beneficial over T10 by gaining an amount of Rs. 660/-/acre/crop. Thus, treatment T7 containing N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0 g) and S. millei (1.0 g) + 50% NPK fertilizers can be recommended to sericulturists mainly to reduce the use of NPK fertilizers, by saving 50% of its cost and to improve soil fertility conditions, which in turn improves leaf yield and quality of mulberry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1327-1336
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• 2014

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NJZJSB3 has shown antagonism of several phytopathogens in vitro, especially Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Both the broth culture and cell suspension of strain NJZJSB3 could completely protect the detached leaves of canola (Brassica napus) from S. sclerotiorum infection. In pot experiments, the application of strain NJZJSB3 cell suspension ($10^8CFU/ml$) decreased the disease incidence by 83.3%, a result similar to commercially available fungicide (Dimetachlone). In order to investigate the potential biocontrol mechanisms of strain NJZJSB3, the nonvolatile antifungal compounds it produces were identified as iturin homologs using HPLC-ESI-MS. Antifungal volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The detected volatiles toluene, phenol, and benzothiazole showed antifungal effects against S. sclerotiorum in chemical control experiments. Strain NJZJSB3 also produced biofilm, siderophores and cell-wall-degrading enzymes (protease and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase). These results suggest that strain NJZJSB3 can be a tremendous potential agent for the biological control of sclerotinia stem rot.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2013

The excessive and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in the past has brought serious soil and other environmental problems so alternatives over this agrochemical are being searched. Our study focuses on the effects of expanded rice hull inoculated with selected beneficial microorganisms on growth (through agronomic characters), yield and yield components, and grain quality indices of rice. Results showed that favorable effects of different expanded rice hull preparations were not readily apparent at vegetative stage and only treatments with supplemental chemical fertilizer application were comparable with the conventional practice. Expanded rice hull combined with 50% rate of chemical fertilizer exhibited a significantly higher yield (6,471 kg $ha^{-1}$) over conventional practice (5,719 kg $ha^{-1}$). Good milling quality indices were observed in treatments having 50% chemical fertilizers plus alternatives from expanded rice hull. Finally, we demonstrated that chemical fertilizer rate can potentially be reduced into 50% if combined with expanded rice hull, and show even better output than chemical fertilizer alone.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1755-1764
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• 2016

The application of Bacillus sp. in the biological control of plant soilborne diseases has been shown to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, the effects of bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) fortified with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQY 162 on the suppression of tomato bacterial wilt were investigated in pot experiments. The disease incidence of tomato wilt after the application of BOF was 65.18% and 41.62% lower at 10 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively, than in the control condition. BOF also promoted the plant growth. The SQY 162 populations efficiently colonized the tomato rhizosphere, which directly suppressed the number of Ralstonia solanacearum in the tomato rhizosphere soil. In the presence of BOF, the activities of defense-related enzymes in tomato were lower than in the presence of the control treatment, but the expression levels of the defense-related genes of the plants in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways were enhanced. It was also found that strain SQY 162 could secrete antibiotic surfactin, but not volatile organic compounds, to suppress Ralstonia. The strain could also produce plant growth promotion compounds such as siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid. Thus, owing to its innate multiple-functional traits and its broad biocontrol activities, we found that this antagonistic strain isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere could establish itself successfully in the tomato rhizosphere to control soilborne diseases.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

몇가지 토양미생물제 처리가 근대의 수량과 식물체 및 토양의 화학성분, 그리고 미생물상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 모든 미생물제 처리구에서 무처리에 비하여 수량이 증가하는 경향이 있었고, 특히 BLCS cattle dropping 처리구가 가장 높았다. 식물체의 화학성분에서는 모든 철구에서 Mg의 함량이 증가된 것을 제외하고 다른 성분들은 처리간에 차이가 없었고, 토양의 화학성분에서는 Tomi 처리구에서 K와 Mg의 함량이 높았으나, 다른 처리구에서는 차이가 없었다. 토양의 미생물상을 조사한 결과, 총세균수에서는 Tomi 처리구가 가장 높았고 Husk+Palma 처리구가 가장 높았고 Husk+Palma와 Tomi 처리구에서도 몹시 증가되었다. Actinomycetes와 fungi에서도 Tomi 처리구가 매우 증가하였으나, 다른 처리구간에는 차이가 없었고, pseudomonas에서도 각 처리간에 차이가 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1279-1285
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• 2011

본 연구를 통하여 우리나라 대표적인 농작물 47개의 탄소배출량을 산정하였다. 또한 농작물 생산 시 주요 요소로 투입되는 무기화학비료의 기여도 분석을 통하여 무기화학비료가 차지하는 탄소배출량을 정확하게 파악하였다. 농작물 중 시설감귤의 탄소배출량이 $5.78E+00kg\;CO_2\;eq.\;kg^{-1}$으로 47개 작물 중 가장 높았으며 시설포도 $4.61E+00kg\;CO_2\;eq.\;kg^{-1}$, 착색단고추 $4.34E+00kg\;CO_2\;eq.\;kg^{-1}$, 인삼 $4.23E+00kg\;CO_2\;eq.\;kg^{-1}$, 시설고추 $4.04E+00kg\;CO_2\;eq.\;kg^{-1}$ 순으로 나타났다. 다음으로 농작물 1 kg 생산 시 발생하는 탄소배출량 중 무기화학비료의 기여도는 생산단계, 사용단계를 모두 포함하여 평균 25.19%를 차지하는 것으로 분석되었다. 정부의 정책, 정부 및 기업의 연구 개발을 통한 고품질 저탄소 비료 생산 보급과 같은 노력이 함께 이루어진다면 농업분야의 온실가스 감축에 큰 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2021

Red pepper seedlings were inoculated either alone or with a mixture of all five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). After 10 weeks of growth in the greenhouse, the seedlings were transplanted into fields and cultivated without chemical fertilizers and pesticides for 10 weeks. The results showed that plant growth was significantly increased under both greenhouse and field conditions, suggesting that AMF inoculation has a positive effect on the growth of Capsicum annuum and improves the physical properties of the soil by increasing the concentration of glomalin. The application of AMF can positively contribute to sustainable agriculture by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers while increasing crop growth.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2006

다량으로 배출되고 있는 축산분뇨를 퇴비화 하여 농지로 투입하는 것은 토양의 물리화학성 개선 등의 유효한 효과가 있지만, 적절한 부숙화 과정을 거치지 않은 미부숙 물질을 투여하면 나쁜 영향을 끼치게 된다. 축산분뇨를 이용한 부산물 비료의 제조에 있어서 적절한 부숙도 관리가 중요한 이유이다. 따라서 축산부산물을 주원료로 하고 부재료와 부숙 기간을 7가지 단계로 달리한 부산물비료를 대상으로 부숙화에 따른 화학성의 변화 경향 파악과 색도, 점도, 입도, 용적밀도 등의 물리성 변화를 아울러 조사하여, 부숙도에 대한 판정지표를 추출하고자 하였다. 휴민산 함량, 유기물/질소 비율, 양이온치환용량, 염함량 등의 화학성이 부숙정도와 밀접한 관련이 있었으며, 물리적 특성에서는 수분함량, 입자밀도 및 용적밀도, 입경별 분포, 색도 등이 부숙도의 판정지표로 사용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Global population is expected to reach nine billion in 2050 and the total demand for food is expected to increase approximately by 60 percent by 2050 as compared to 2005. Therefore, it is important to increase crop production in order to meet the global demand for food. Slow release fertilizers have been developed and designed in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizers. Mineral-based slow release fertilizers are useful because the minerals have a crystalline structure and are environmentally friendly in a soil. This review focuses on slow release fertilizers based on montmorillonite, zeolite, and layered double hydroxide phases as a host for nutrients, especially N. Urea was successfully stabilized in the interlayer space of montmorillonite by the formation of urea-Mg or Ca complex, $[(Urea)_6Mg\;or\;Ca]^{2+}$ protecting its rapid degradation in soils. Naturally occurring zeolites occluded with ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate by molten salt treatment could be used as slow release fertilizer because the occlusion process increased the capacity of zeolites to store nutrients in addition to exchangeable cations. Additionally, surface-modified zeolites could also be used as slow release fertilizer because the modified surface showed high affinity for anionic nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. Moreover, there were attempts to develop and use synthetic layered double hydroxide as a carrier of nitrate because it has positively charged layers which electrostatically bond nitrate anions. Kaolin was also tested by combining with a polymer or through the mechanical-chemical process for slow release of nutrients.