• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

Monitoring of soil fertility and crop productivity in long-term application of fertilizers is necessary to use fertilizers efficiently. This study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous application of lime for rice cultivation from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no lime treatments (N, NPK, NPKC, and NPKS) and lime treatments (N+L, NPK+L, NPKC+L, and NPKS+L). The application of lime in addition to N, NPK, and NPKC tended to increase pH, exchangeable Ca, and available $SiO_2$. The input of mean annual $1,170Mg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ of lime increased pH $0.0042yr^{-1}$, $0.0062yr^{-1}$, $0.0127yr^{-1}$, and $0.0041yr^{-1}$ in lime treatments (N+L, NPK+L, NPKS+L, and NPKC+L) compared with no treatments (N, NPK, NPKS, and NPKC), respectively. The mean annual Ca field balance varied from 169 to $561kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$in no treatments, from 871 to $1,263kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in lime treatments, indicating that Ca was accumulated in the soils. The mean annual Ca field balance in silicate fertilizer treatments (NPKS, NPKS+L) were higher than that of other treatments because silicate fertilizer included Ca component. Grain yield of rice had no significant differences between no lime treatments and lime treatments. Thus the application of lime led to changes in soil chemical properties but had no impact on the production of rice.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2012

Agriculture activities account for 58% of total anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) with global warming potential of 298 times as compared to carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) on molecule to molecule basis. Quantifying $N_2O$ from managed soil is essential to develop national inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of the study was to compare $N_2O$ emission from livestock compost applied arable land with that for fertilizer treatment. The study was conducted for two years by cultivating Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do. Accumulated $N_2O$ emission during cultivation of Chinese cabbage after applying livestock compost was slightly greater than that for chemical fertilizer. Slightly greater $N_2O$ emission factor for livestock compost was observed than that for chemical fertilizer possibly due to lump application of livestock compost before crop cultivation compared with split application of chemical fertilizers and enhanced denitrification activity through increased carbon availability by organic matter in livestock compost.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2000

Quantifying the changes of soil microbial biomass and activity of enzymes are important to understand the dynamics of active soil C and N pools. The dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N and the activity of enzymes over entire growth period of soybean-(Glycine max (L) Merr.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence on a Typic Haplustert as influenced by organic manure and inorganic fertilizer N were investigated in a field experiment. The application of farmyard manure at 4 to 16 $Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}\;y^{-1}r^{-1}$ along with fertilizer nitrogen at 50 or 180 $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ increased the mean soil microbial biomass from 1.12 to 2.05 fold over unmanured soils under soybean-wheat system. Irrespective of organic and chemical fertilizer N application, the soil microbial biomass was maximum during the first two months at active growing stage of the crops and subsequently declined with crop maturity. The mean annual microbial activity was significantly increased when manure and chemical fertilizer at 8 $Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ and 50/180 N $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, respectively were applied. The C turnover rate decreased by 47 to 72 % when the level of farmyard manure was increased from 4 to 8 and 16 $Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. There were significant correlations between biomass C, available N, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and yield of the crops.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

본 연구는 유기농 오이 재배를 위하여 어분액비를 웃거름으로 공급할 경우 오이 생육과 토양환경에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 양분공급원으로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 시험구 처리는 무시비, 액비 무처리, 액비 처리농도에 따라 100, 50, 25 mg/L 처리구, 화학비료 처리 등 6처리를 두었다. 주요 조사항목은 어분액비처리에 의한 오이 생육, 수량, 토양 화학성, 그리고 토양미생물 군집 변화를 조사하였다. 어분액비 처리에 의한 토양 화학성 변화를 살펴본 결과, 어분액비 100 mg/L 처리는 다른 처리구와 비교하여 pH와 치환성 양이온 칼륨, 마그네슘 함량이 뚜렷하게 낮아지는 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 Biolog을 이용하여 토양미생물 군집의 기능적 다양성을 분석한 결과, 토양미생물 군집의 기질 이용도는 액비처리, 화학비료구, 무비구가 각각 1.57~1.63, 1.5, 1.3으로 액비처리와 화학비료구가 무비구에 비해 높았지만 액비 처리 수준별 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 액비처리에 의한 오이 생육을 비교한 결과, 액비처리 농도별 오이 초장과 과실의 생체중 및 건물중은 통계적 유의차는 없었으며 잎과 줄기의 생체중과 건물중은 어분액비 100 mg/L 처리 시 통계적 유의차를 나타냈다. 오이 수량은 액비처리 수준별 차이는 없었으며 어분액비 처리와 화학비료 처리간에 비교하더라도 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 어분액비와 화학비료 처리에 대한 오이의 생육과 수량을 비교한 결과, 수량과 생육에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 어분액비는 유기농업에서 웃거름으로 활용 가능 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1968

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to monitor the changes in soil solution nutrients and to evaluate their effect on rice uptake and yield. The changes of chemical characteristics of paddy soil solution were examined from the 58th fertilization experiment in which the continuous rice cropping experiment started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and inorganic fertilizer plus silicate and lime fertilizer as a soil amendment (NPKCLS). The fertilizers were added at rates of standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), potassium ($K_2O$), and sililcate ($SiO_2$) were applied at rates of $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $7.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively and lime was applied to neutralize soil acidity until 6.5. Average Electrical Conductivity (EC) of soil solution in NPKCLS and NPKC ranged from 1.16 to $2.00dS\;m^{-1}$. The $NH{_4}^+$ and $K^+$ levels in NPKCLS and NPKC were higher than that of the other treatments, due to high supply power of rice straw compost. The content of $H_3SiO{_4}^-$ was higher in NPKCLS because of silicate application. The dominant ions in soil solution were $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ among cations and $HCO{_3}^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $Cl^-$ among anions in all treatments. The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and silicate fertilizer (NPKCLS) led to the changes of various chemical composition in soil solutions. Also, they had a significant impact on the improvement of rice inorganic uptake and grain yield. Especially, inorganic uptake by rice in NPKC and NPKCLS significantly increased than those in NPK plot; 14~46% for T-N, 32~36% for P, 43~57% for K, and 45~77% for Si. Therefore, the combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organic compost as a soil amendment is considered as the best fertilization practice in the continuous rice cropping for the improvement of crop productivity and soil fertility.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2018

This study analyze the economic effect of chemical fertilizer. We used the input and output data, and the analysis variables include production output nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, seeds, and labor. The main results are as follows. First, for spring potatoes, potassium increases to a certain level of output, but over a certain stage, the output decreases as the input increases. Optimal use of potassium in the calculation of spring potatoes can achieve the effect of reducing input costs and increasing output simultaneously. Second, radish In autumn, nitrogen increases to a certain level, but over a certain stage it represents a reverse U-shaped relationship in which output decreases as input increases. This means that reducing the amount of fertilizer input increases the output. This means that soil-related agricultural big data can contribute to the management of nutrients and greenhouse gas reduction in agricultural land.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.767-779
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 신규 개간지 유기농경지에서 가축분퇴비와 녹비작물을 2년간 연용하였을 때 유기물에 의한 밭 토양미생물 군집에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 가축분 퇴비와 녹비를 연용한 처리구는 화학비료와 무비 처리구에 비해 유기물 함량이 증가하였다. 세균과 사상균 개체수는 유기물을 연용 할수록 유기물 처리구와 화학비료 그리고 무비 처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 가축분 퇴비와 녹비 연용으로 토양 미생물체량은 모든 처리구가 증가하였으며 NPK와 무비구에 비해 퇴비, 녹비 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 유기물 연용에 의한 토양미생물 군집의 기능적 다양성 분석에서 가축분 퇴비, 녹비 처리구가 화학비료나 무비구에 비해 기질 이용도가 유의적으로 증가하였으며 유기물 처리구가 화학비료나 무비구에 비해 높은 종 다양성을 나타냈다. 그리고 주성분 분석에서 제2주성분에 의해 유기물 처리구와 그렇지 않은 화학비료, 무비구로 분리되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2011

Long-term continuous application of livestock by-products to agricultural land may adversely affect the soil characteristics and the crop yield. Five year term study from 2007 was carried out to assess the effects of repeated application of low-concentration swine slurry on soil chemical properties including phosphate and heavy metal contents and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a greenhouse. Treatments were conventional chemical fertilizers and three application rates of low-concentration swine slurry (Slurry composting and biofiltration, SCB): 50%, 100%, and 200% of recommended nitrogen fertilization. For swine slurry treatment of 50% nitrogen, deficient nitrogen was supplemented with urea fertilizer. The soil phosphorus and heavy metal contents after five year continuous application of swine slurry were not significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer use. Repeated application of the swine slurry alone for five years resulted in relatively high soil exchangeable potassium and sodium compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Contents of heavy metals in leaves of tomato and cucumber did not show significant difference among treatments. Yields of the crops for the swine slurry were not significantly different from that of chemical fertilizer. The results imply that continuous application of the swine slurry may not influence levels of soil phosphate and trace elements in greenhouse soils but could accumulate potassium and sodium in the soil.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2012

본 연구는 SCB 공정 여과액비 시용이 벼 생육, 수량구성요소, 수량, 쌀의 미질과 토양에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 SCB 여과액비 시용구는 농가관행 질소시용량인 13kg N/10a를 기준으로 하여 80%, 100%, 130%에 해당되는 여과액비 화학비료 시용구를 대조구로 두었다. 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 분얼수에서 생육초기 SCB 여과액비 80, 100% 시용구는 화학비료와 대등하였다. 여과액비 130% 시용구는 화학비료 시용구 보다 분얼수가 많고 초장이 큰 과번무 상태를 나타내었다. SCB 여과액비 130% 시용구는 등숙률과 천립중이 화학비료 시용구 대비 각각 8%, 11% 낮아졌다. 벼의 정조수량은 SCB 여과액비 80%, 100% 시용구는 대조구인 화학비료 시용구 대비 12~13% 증수되었다. SCB 여과액비 130% 시용구의 정조수량은 과다시용에 의한 등숙률과 천립중이 저하되어 화학비료시용구 대비 7% 감수되었다. 현미의 품질지수는 SCB 여과액비 80%, 100% 시용구에서 화학비료 시용구 보다 높았다. 그러나 SCB 여과액비 130% 시용구의 쌀 품질지수는 낮았다. SCB 여과액비 80~100% 범위의 적량시용은 벼 수량증수와 쌀 품질 향상이 가능하나 130%의 과다시용은 과번무로 등숙률과 천립중이 낮아져 수량감수를 초래하여 미질저하의 원인이 되므로 SCB 여과액비 시용시 질소시용량의 11~13kg N/10a에 해당하는 여과액비의 시용량이 적정할 것으로 판단된다.