• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2022

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Environment, the amount of food waste generated in Korea is 15,903 tons, which accounts for about 30% of the daily household waste. Food waste in Korea is on the rise, and various odors, greenhouse gases, and leachate generated in the process of discharging, transporting, and processing are emerging as social problems. Accordingly, there is a need for a method for recycling food waste. Therefore, this study was carried out to establish an appropriate limiting dose by manufacturing fertilizer mixed with food waste powder and treating it on tomatoes to investigate the growth and yield of crops. The experiment was carried out with continuous cultivation in 2021 (1st year) and 2022 (2nd year), and the treatment groups were set to No Treatment (NT), Chemical Fertilizer (CF), Mixed Fertilizer (MF), and Mixed Fertilizer×2 (MF×2). As a result of the 1st year growth survey, shoot and root length did not show a significant difference between the treatment groups, and the fresh weight showed a significant difference between the MF and MF×2. As a result of the 2nd year growth survey, there was no significant difference in shoot length, root length, and dry weight between the treatment groups, and the fresh weight of the CF was significantly greater than that of the MF×2. The yield of 1st year, MF×2 increased significantly compared to other treatment groups. In the case of 2nd year, CF, and MF×2 show significantly high values compared to NT. Judging from these results, continuous cultivation using food waste powder mixed fertilizer did not have a significant effect on crop growth and yield. However, it is considered that several studies including continuous cultivation experiments are needed to accurately set the appropriate application amount and limit the application amount of the mixed fertilizer for food waste.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

In order to compare phosphorus (P) behavior of livestock manure compost (LMC) and chemical fertilizer (CF) applied to the sea-reclaimed land soils, incubation experiments were conducted for five weeks. Four soils differing textural classes, sandy loam and clay loam, and electric conductivity (EC) value, high and low, were applied with CF and LMC. LMC was applied at the level of 0, 1, 2, and 3% on the soil weight basis and CF was applied at the same levels of P as LMC. The results showed that increase of P application rate of CF and LMC led to linearly increase available $P_2O_5$ and $0.01M\;CaCl_2$ extractable P contents regardless of soil texture and EC. However, 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P from soil applied with CF was significantly higher than with LMC. Correlation analysis between $0.01M-CaCl_2$ extractable P and fractionated P by different extraction methods showed that $0.01M-CaCl_2$ extractable P positively correlated with KCl-P (soluble and exchangeable P) and HCl-P (Ca and Mg bound P). However, NaOH-P (Fe and Al bound P and organic P) and residual P was adverse. The amount of NaOH-P significantly influenced to the amount of 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P of CF and LMC in the soils. The application of LMC at sandy loam soil could be carried out in the consideration of nutrient leaching and crop uptake.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1221-1231
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to find a way to recycle the coir substrate by investigating changes in its physical and chemical properties based on the number of use year. Specific gravity of unused coir substrate was $0.212g/cm^3$, while it was higher for the substrate used for 2 years. Porosity was different depending on the number of use year. The porosity of unused substrate was 51.9%, but it increased to 68.6% after used for 2 years. In general, physical and chemical properties were better in the coir substrate used for 2 years than in unused one. The number of leaves, leaf area, flesh weight and dry weight of oriental cabbage and lettuce were higher in coir substrate used for 2 years than those in unused one. Whereas, no significant difference was observed between the substrates used for one year and 2 years, indicating that the one time-used wast substrate could be recycled for cultivating vegetables. Growth of the vegetables was improved when organic fertilizer composed of complex organics with different mixing ratios was provided to the coir substrate, compared to untreated plot. The optimum mixing ratio of the wast substrate and complex organics was 2:8(v/v) for fertilization using wast coir substrate. Therefore, coir substrate generally wasted after being used for one time was reuseable by supplying organic fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the indole acetic acid (IAA) formation in soils as a biological indicator for the health of rice paddy soils with control, nitrogen sole, chemical fertilizer (NPK), and chemical fertilizer plus compost (CNPK) plots. There was a positive relationship between colorimetric method and high performance liquid chromatography for IAA in soils determined, and the values were similar between two methods, as $0.83{\sim}1.23{\mu}g\;IAA\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in colorimetric method, $0.80{\sim}1.29{\mu}g\;IAA\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in HPLC method. Numbers of dehydrogenase-producing bacteria and the IAA production in soils were high in NPK and CNPK plots comparing with control and nitrogen sole plots. Also there was high correlation between numbers of dehydrogenase-producing bacteria and IAA production in soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.671-676
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• 2015

Control of surface runoff from upland soil is essential to reduce nonpoint source pollution. The use of non-woven fabric as a soil cover can be helpful to control surface runoff. The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the furrow cover effects of black non-woven fabric on the nutrient discharge from upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. The experimental plots consisted of chemical fertilizer (CF), cow manure compost (CMC), and pig manure compost (PMC) treatment. Each nutrient material treatment plot has control (no furrow cover (NFC)) and black non-woven fabric cover treatment, respectively. The amount of nutrient application was chemical fertilizer of $190-112-149(N-P_2O_5-K_2O)kgha^{-1}$, cow manure compost of $29.5tonha^{-1}$, and pig manure compost of $7.9tonha^{-1}$ as recommended amount after soil test for red pepper cultivation. Compared to control (NFC), furrow cover treatment with black non-woven fabric reduced the amount of T-N discharge by 50% at CF treatment, 36.9% at CMC treatment, and 44.8% at PMC treatment. Furrow cover treatment with black non-woven fabric reduced the amount of T-P discharge by 37.1% at CF treatment, 49.9% at CMC treatment, and 63.4% at PMC treatment compared to control (NFC). The production of red pepper did not show significant difference. There was no weed occurring in furrow cover treatment plots with black non-woven fabric. Results from this study showed that the furrow cover with black non-woven fabric could play a significant role in reduce nutrient discharge from upland soil used for red pepper cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.610-617
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• 2015

The impact of 1 pound of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) on warming the atmosphere is almost 310 times that of 1 pound of carbon dioxide. Agricultural soil management is the largest source of $N_2O$ emissions, accounting for about 73% of total $N_2O$ emissions. This study was conducted to evaluate the nitrous oxide emission in the cultivation of soybean during the first year of No-tillage (NT) and Conventional-tillage (CT) practices, under the various conditions such as different kinds of fertilizers, soil temperature, and moisture level. In the experiment, we set CT and NT treatments into 4 different groups - control treatments (no fertilization), green manure treatments, chemical fertilizer treatments and organic manure treatments. In the case of chemical fertilizer treatments, $N_2O$ emission of NT treatment was 7.78 to 22.59% lower than CT treatment. In organic manure treatment, $N_2O$ emission of NT treatment was 6.62% higher than CT treatment in August. But In July and September, $N_2O$ emission of NT treatment was 9.50% 28.38% lower than CT treatment, respectively. Soil temperature was correlated with $N_2O$ emission positively. In the future, continued long-term research on influence of various environmental factors on the generation of $N_2O$ and the economic value of no-till farming is required.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.280-289
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of annual application of slowle cooled slag silicate fertilizer on rice yield and soil chemical properties. Field experiment was done on the condition of fertilization of silicate fertilizer 1,500 and $2,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ to the clay loam paddy field during 26 years from 1975 to 2000. The results obtained were as follows; Rice yield of NPK+silicate fertilizer $1,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ were increased by 15%, 8% respectively incomparion with NPK control plot in 2000($26^{th}$ year). Changes in average rice yield for 5 years interval were continually showed increase in the treat of silicate fertilizer $1,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ compared to NPK and NPK+silicate fertilizer $2,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ treated plot. The amounts of N, $K_2O$, CaO and MgO in the treat of silicate fertilizer $1,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ were much more than those of silicate fertilizer 2,500kg treated plot, and the treat of silicate fertilizer $1,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ showed higher in nutrients availability and fertilizers use efficiency than other treated plots at harvesting stage. Amount of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ and MgO in unhulled rice grain, those of CaO, MgO and $K_2O$ in rice straw and those of $K_2O$ and $SiO_2$ in rice root were positively recognized significant relationships with grain yield. According to soil analysis after experiment in 2000, the silicate fertilizer $2,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ annually applied plot were increased especially in soil organic matter, CEC and available phosphate content in comparison with NPK+silicate fertilizer $2,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ applied plot.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1306-1313
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• 2011

A liquid fertilizer treated with slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) process has been applied increasingly on agricultural field but the effects on the soil properties and crop production has not been throughly evaluated. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the SCB application on soil chemical properties and the growth of radish and corn. SCB liquid fertilizer as a basal fertilization was treated with five levels based on $6kg\;10a^{-1}$ for radish and $10kg\;10a^{-1}$ for corn. The experimental design was the completely randomized block design with five levels and three replicates. Electrical conductivity (EC), $NO_3$-N, Exch. K and Exch. Na increased depending on the treatment levels of SCB. There were no changes in soil organic matter, Avail. $P_2O_5$, Exch. Ca and Exch. Mg. EC, $NO_3$-N and Exch. Na content decreased as precipitation increased. Especially, they decreased up to the initial condition before the treatment after the heavy rainy season in 2008. Although Exch. K decreased at the rainy season, they remained relatively higher content after the experiment on August, 2008. Fresh weight and the amount of N uptake of radish increased due to the levels of SCB, but corn did not present any significant increase. It is recommended that we need to decide the proper amount of SCB as well as the application method on the field to increase the productivity and decrease environmental stress. Additional experiments also need to clarify the effect of the trace element and heavy metal accumulations due to long term application of SCB.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.6 s.277
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• pp.371-376
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• 2005

Phosphate glasses were prepared by melting quenching process, and glass formation and dissolution properties were studied. The glass forming region in the $K_2O-CaO-P_2O_5$ system is quietly agreed with the report by Mazurin OV et al. with $M_2O-M'O-P_2O_5$ system (M : monovalent cation, M'divalent cation). Conditionally these glasses have solubility from absorbing the moisture or water and then release elements with trace elements, and the thermal and chemical properties were controllable by the $CaO,\;K_2O,\;P_2O_5$ contents. In the abnormal glass properties, this paper showed the possibility the present glasses can be a good candidate for one component of the slow released agriculture fertilizer.