• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.475-483
• /
• 2019

Special chemical warfare agents are lethal gases that attack the human respiratory system. One of such gases are blood agents that react with the irons present in the electron transfer system of the human body. This reaction stops internal respiration and eventually causes death. The molecular sizes of these agents are smaller than the pores of an activated carbon, making chemical adsorption the only alternative method for removing them. In this study, we carried out a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation by passing a blood agent: cyanogen chloride gas through an SG-1 gas mask canister developed by SG Safety Corporation. The adsorption bed consisted of a Silver-Zinc-Molybdenum-Triethylenediamine activated carbon impregnated with copper, silver, zinc and molybdenum ions. The kinetic analysis of the chemical adsorption was performed in accordance with the test procedure for the gas mask canister and was validated by the kinetic data obtained from experimental results. We predicted the dynamic behaviors of the main variables such as the pressure drop inside the canister and the amount of gas adsorbed by chemisorption. By using a granular packed bed instead of the Ergun equation that is used to model porous materials in Computational Fluid Dynamics, applicable results of the activated carbon were obtained. Dynamic simulations and flow analyses of the chemical adsorption with varying gas flow rates were also executed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.172-177
• /
• 2007

The hydrolysis reaction of sarin(GB), one of the nerve agents was studied in aqueous sodium hydroxide(NaOH) solutions to find the experimental conditions which can convert GB into the less toxic compounds. 10 wt% of GB was added into the aqueous NaOH(2.05 eq) in a small-scale jacket-attached reactor connected to a circulator. The reaction rate constants were measured at three temperatures(50, 70 and $90^{\circ}C$) and the reaction times required to degrade the material to > 99% were calculated at different temperatures. In this study, 10 wt% of GB was degraded to 99.99% in 1.2hr at $90^{\circ}C$ by the aqueous NaOH solution. The major hydrolysate of GB was isopropyl methylphosphonate.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2007

The hydrolysis reaction of sulfur mustard(HD, bis 2-chloroethylsulfide), one type of the blister agents was studied in water to find the operation conditions which can convert HD into less toxic compounds. The reaction was proceeded into two steps. First, 10~20 wt% of HD was hydrolyzed in water at $90^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution(2.1 eq) was subsequently added to the reaction mixture at room temperature. The efficiency of HD hydrolysis at this experimental conditions was greater than 99.99% and the final degradation products of HD were 68 wt% of thiodiglycol, 8 wt% of 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)ethane and 24 wt% of bis(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)ether.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2015

We have recently developed a cost-effective and pouch-type chemical vapor sampler which consists of a selectively permeable high density polyethylene(HDPE) membrane, aluminum/nylon barrier film, and adsorbents. Since the sampler mimics the actual adsorption process that occurs when the skin is exposed to chemical vapors, it can be applied to man-in-simulant test(MIST) to determine the protective capability of individual protective ensembles for chemical warfare agents. In this study, we describe the manufacturing process of samplers and results for performance testing on MIST. Methyl salicylate(MeS) is used to simulate chemical agent vapor and the vapor sampler was used to monitor chemical concentration of MeS inside the protective suit system while worn. Values of protection factors(PF) were also analyzed to provide an indication of the protection level of the suit system evaluate by MIST. The results obtained by home-made samplers(ADD samplers) and commercially avaliable ones(Natick samplers) showed no significant differences.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.608-613
• /
• 2009

This study aims to examine terrorism by biological agents. These days terrorism evolved so rapidly that more than one terror occurs a day in global society as we are on the edge of so-called New-terrorism. One of new examples of new terrorism is Bioterrorism by biological agents. In order to address Bioterrorism we should conduct a study to examine things to be prepared at ordinary times and future plans. As an effort to develop countermeasures against Bioterrorism, anti-terrorism laws should be made on Prevention phases anti-terrorism funding laws as well. Other Bioterrorism laws need to be made. On Response phases initial reaction task force should be ready for making positive initial reaction. A special hospital for CBR(Chemical, Biological, and Radiological) warfare needs to be designated to practice medicine. Biological-Safety-Levels should be constructed by IV levels. Effective public promotion network should be built. On Recovery phases evaluation system needs to be suggested and international cooperative network should be established.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.9
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2009

This study aims to examine terrorism by biological agents. These days terrorism evolved so rapidly that more than one terror occurs a day in global society as we are on the edge of so-called New-terrorism. One of new examples of new terrorism is Bioterrorism by biological agents. In order to address Bioterrorism we should conduct a study to examine things to be prepared at ordinary times and future plans. As an effort to develop countermeasures against Bioterrorism, anti-terrorism laws should be made on Prevention phases anti-terrorism funding laws as well. Other Bioterrorism laws need to be made. On Response phases initial reaction task force should be ready for making positive initial reaction. A special hospital for CBR(Chemical, Biologlcal, and Radiological) warfare needs to be designated to practice medicine. Biological~safety-Levels should be constructed by IV levels. Effective public promotion network should be built. On Recovery phases evaluation system needs to be suggested and international cooperative network should be established.