• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2022

Background: The constant consumption of chemical products owing to expanding industrialization has led to an increase in public interest in chemical substances. As the production and disposal processes for these chemical products cause environmental problems, regional information on the hazard level of chemical substances is required considering their effects on humans and in order to ensure environmental safety. Objectives: This study aimed to identify hazard contribution and spatiotemporal characteristics by region and chemical by calculating a hazard-based result score using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: This study calculated the chemical discharge and hazard-based result score from the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model, analyzed their spatiotemporal patterns, and identified hotspot areas where chemical discharges and high hazard-based scores were concentrated. The amount of chemical discharge and hazard-based risk scores for 250 cities and counties across South Korea were calculated using PRTR data from 2011 to 2018. Results: The chemical discharge (high densities in Incheon, Daegu, and Busan) and hazard-based result scores (high densities in Incheon, Chungcheongnam-do, and some areas of Gyeongsangnam-do Province) showed varying spatial patterns. The chemical discharge (A, B) and hazard-based result score (C, D) hotspots were identified. Additionally, identification of the hazard-based result scores revealed differences in the type of chemicals contributing to the discharge. Ethylbenzene accounted for ≥80% of the discharged chemicals in the discharge hotspots, while chromium accounted for >90% of the discharged chemicals in the hazard-based result score hotspots. Conclusions: The RSEI hazard-based result score is a quantitative indicator that considers the degree of impact on human health as a toxicity-weighted value. It can be used for the management of industries discharging chemical substances as well as local environmental health management.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to provide workplaces with political guidelines that apply international CMRs (Carcinogens, Mutagens, Reproductive toxins) information to Public Notice of TLVs (Threshold Limit Values). We analyzed information supply status about CMRs of international agencies and compared substances for which TLVs are set in KMoEL (Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea). Methods: We referred to the reliable literature about classification criteria of CMRs corresponding to UN GHS (Globally Harmonized System of classification and Labeling of chemicals) and Public Notice No. 2009-68 'Standard for Classification, Labeling of Chemical Substance and Material Safety Data Sheet' in KMoEL. The classification system of CMRs in professional organizations (IARC, NTP, ACGIH, EU ECHA, KMoEL, etc.) was investigated through the internet and literature. Conclusions: 191 chemical substances among total 650 substances with TLVs are classified as carcinogens. Also, 43 substances classified as mutagens, and 44 as reproductive toxicants. These results suggest that the information of CMRs in Public Notice of TLV will be reorganized to 191 carcinogens, 43 mutagens, and 44 reproductive toxicants.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 화학사고의 인명사고 특성을 분석하기 위해 화학사고의 유형, 사고 발생 장소, 사고 사업장 규모, 사고 물질 등에 따른 화학사고, 인명사고, 사망자, 부상자 등을 조사하여 분석하였다. 화학사고로 인한 인명사고 및 인명피해 현황을 살펴보면 "화학물질관리법" 시행 이전인 2013년과 2014년에 인명사고는 각각 16건, 17건이었고, 법 시행 이후인 2015년과 2016년에는 각각 46건, 23건으로 조사되었다. 전체 화학사고와 인명사고 모두 유 누출에 의한 사고가 가장 많았고, 인명피해 현황 또한 가장 많았다. 화학사고 발생 장소에 따른 사고 및 인명피해 현황을 조사한 결과 사업장에서 모든 조사항목이 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 사고다발 상위 10개 물질을 조사한 결과 폐산을 제외한 9개 물질이 모두 유해화학물질이면서 사고대비물질과 유독물에 포함되는 물질이었다. 따라서, 유 누출 사고, 사고에 취약한 사업장, 위험 화학물질 등에 대한 관리를 강화시킬 필요가 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2022

Background: Fragrance substances in consumer products can cause adverse health effects such as contact allergy. In South Korea, consumer chemical products must list 26 known fragrance allergens on product labels when they contain more than 0.01%. Fragrance substances are mostly used in combination, so co-exposure can occur via use of a consumer chemical product. Co-exposure to fragrance allergens may show a synergistic effect on the human body. Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyze the characteristics of fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products available on public websites and to identify the co-occurrence patterns of fragrance allergens. Methods: The chemicals in 1,443 ingredient disclosures for consumer chemical products were collected through the Ecolife database. The 26 labelled fragrance allergens were identified by category of consumer chemical product. The co-occurrence patterns of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens were analyzed by frequent pattern mining. The unlabelled fragrance allergens presented by European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety were also identified. Results: Consumer chemical products contained an average of 5.3±4.2 substances among the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. More than 85% of air fresheners, deodorizing agents, and fabric softeners contained at least one of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. The most frequently contained fragrance allergens were limonene (50.5%), linalool (49.9%), hexyl cinnamal (34.0%), and citronellol (28.3%). 16.7% of consumer chemical products showed a co-occurrence of limonene, linalool, hexyl cinnamal, and citronellol. Thirty-eight unlabelled fragrance allergens were found in the consumer chemical products, with hexamethylindanopyran (25.2%) being the most frequently contained substance. Conclusions: The characteristics and co-occurrence patterns of 26 labelled fragrance allergens would be useful information for the management of co-exposure to fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products. It is necessary for attention to be paid to unlabelled fragrance allergens.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The commercial biopesticides containing Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extracts which have been registered as one of the ingredients of the commercial biopesticide by the organic agriculture materials, and have been widely used in Republic of Korea. However, the quantitative analysis method of the active substances for the commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract has not been conducted.METHODS AND RESULTS: To analyze the quantitative analysis of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene as active substances of C. ambrosioides L. extract, hydrophilic lipophilic balance cartridge was used for solid phase extraction. The active substances were analyzed by the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The limit of quantitation values of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene were 10, 5, and 2 mg/L, and the recovery rates were 96.3, 84.0, and 82.5% in liquid products and 98.3, 99.1, and 97.3% in solid products, respectively. The total content of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene in the commercial biopesticides was ranged from 0.08 to 12.75%.CONCLUSION: From these results, this method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of the active substances of commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract.

• 월간포장계
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• 통권301호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.703-712
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 주민대피 대비물질 16종 중 급성노출기준 AEGL값이 존재하는 13종에 대하여 지방자치단체에서 주민대피 및 알림을 결정할 수 있도록 화학물질사고대응정보시스템을 활용한 피해영향거리 산정식을 도출하고자 하였다. 화학물질안전원에서는 2018년 사고대비물질 97종 중 물리·화학적 특성 및 독성, 발화성, 반응성, 사고발생 가능성 등을 고려하여 누출 시 사고 원점 인근의 주민에게 피해가 예상되는 물질 16종을 선정하여 주민대피 대비물질로 명명하였으며, 주민대피 대비물질의 화학사고 발생 시에는 실내대피 또는 주민소산 등의 가능성이 있으므로 지방자치단체는 긴급재난문자 등 주민알림에 대비하여야 한다. 충청북도 충주시를 중심으로 화학물질사고대응정보시스템을 사용하여 주민대피 대비물질 13종의 피해영향거리를 모델링 하였으며, 모델링 결과를 바탕으로 각각의 AEGL-2조건에서의 적합한 피해영향거리 산정식을 도출하였다. 모든 조건에서 결정계수 R2은 0.99 이상이었으며 최소 0.9921~최대 0.9999의 범위를 나타내었다. 도출된 산정식으로 얻어진 피해영향거리와 화학물질사고대응정보시스템 모델링으로 얻어진 피해영향거리 수치간의 상대표준편차를 비교하였으며, 실제 화학사고 대응 상황을 고려하여 최소 이격거리를 보정한 결과 0.58~5.97 % 범위로 조사되었다. 주민대피 대비물질 13종에 의한 누출사고 발생 시 연구에서 도출된 산정식을 사용하여 현장에서는 피해영향거리를 산정할 수 있으며, 지방자치단체는 주민대피 및 알림 여부를 결정할 수 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

흡광은 측정이 간편하고 해석의 직관성이 높다는 점에서 생화학 기반 분석법의 신호로서 강점을 가진다. 흡광을 가지는 물질 중에서 금 나노입자는 화학적 안정성, 생물학적 친화성, 가시광선 범위에서 야기되는 국소 표면 플라즈몬 공명(localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR)에 의한 독특한 광학적 특성 등의 유용한 성질을 지니며, 특정 표적 물질에만 유효한 다른 발색물질과 비교해 항체나 압타머 등 다양한 검출 활성물질과 접합이 용이하여 확장성을 가진다. 특히, 기질의 산화로 발색을 야기하는 효소 기반 발색법에 비해 낮은 가격, 쉬운 입자 합성, 높은 환경안정성 등의 장점으로 인해 비색화 분석법의 신호물질로서 광범위하게 연구되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 이와 같은 금 나노입자를 신호물질로 활용하는 다양한 전략을 최근의 연구들을 중심으로 요약 정리하였으며, 입자의 형태에 광학 특성이 영향을 받는 금 나노입자의 특징에 착안하여 신호생성 시에 활용한 금 나노입자의 형태 제어 전략을 기준으로 문헌들을 분류하고 검토하였다. 이를 통해 이미 오랜 기간 활용되어온 금 나노입자가 현재에도 흡광 신호물질로서 여전히 활발하게 연구되고 있다는 사실을 고찰하고, 향후에도 광범위하고 지속적으로 개선될 여지를 가진다는 점을 확인하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.446-464
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the task-specific hazards of chemicals used by nail technicians in Daegu Metropolitan City. Materials: A total of 30 nail shops located in Daegu City were surveyed to investigate the major tasks and practices performed by nail technicians and the ingredients listed in nail care products used in shops. We also collected instructions for use and material safety data sheets(MSDSs) of nail care products and compared CAS Nos. of ingredients with the lists of chemicals regulated by the Industrial Safety and Health Act(ISHA) and Chemical Substances Control Act(CSCA). Results: A total of 125 chemical ingredients were found in 468 nail care products used at the 30 nail shops. The most frequently found ingredients were ethyl acetate(72%), followed by n-butyl acetate(71.8%), isopropanol(56%), benzophenone(51.1%), nitrocellulose(46.4%) and ethanol(45.3%). Comparing six tasks, the task of manicuring used the most products at 222 products containing 91 ingredients. Among the 125 ingredients, there are 31 chemicals with occupational exposure limits(OEL) designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MoEL), eight categorized as carcinogens, one mutagen and two reproductive toxic chemicals. In terms of carcinogens, formaldehyde was identified as the only confirmed human carcinogen(1A). We found that there was one chemical with a permissible limit, one special management substance, 18 workplace monitoring substances and ten special health diagnosis substances regulated by ISHA. For CSCA, nine poisonous substances, six substances requiring preparation for accidents and one restricted substance were identified. Conclusions: Based on these findings, formaldehyde was identified as one of the chemicals that should most strictly be controlled for the protection of the health of nail technicians and customers. At the same time, it is necessary to distribute materials with detailed hazardous information of nail care products for nail shop technicians.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2023

Objectives: Business operators handling hazardous chemicals regulated under the Chemical Substances Control Act (CSCA) must receive permits to operate their business from the Ministry of Environment. This study analyzed the status of recent legal violation in chemical handling workplaces in Ulsan where a large volume of chemicals is handled for industrial use. Methods: A total of 557 corporations have been granted legal status as business operators in Ulsan. For all business operators, legal violations in regard to the CSCA that were discovered by the environmental office in the last five years (2018~2022) were thoroughly analyzed. Results: A total of 225 violations of the CSCA have been discovered at 165 corporations, with the violation rate accounting for approximately 27% of all business operators. In particular, 22% of the 165 violators (36 corporations) were discovered to have violated twice or more, and some business operators (6%) even violated in consecutive years. Non-compliance of facility inspection was the most frequent violation (45 cases, 20.1%), followed by non-reporting of important changes in the permitted matters (23 cases, 10.3%), non-completion of legal safety education (19 cases, 8.5%), failure to secure permission for modification in the permitted matters (18 cases, 8.0%), and failure to submit chemical transport plans (16 cases, 7.1%). Conclusions: Most of the violations could have been prevented if the field personnel had paid sufficient attention. Thus, it is fundamentally necessary to create an environment for spontaneous safety management for themselves and to strengthen individual capabilities.