• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.548-556
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• 2006

본 연구는 경안천 유역에 발달한 유물 지형인 하성면의 퇴적층을 모재로 하여 형성된 토양 특성을 밝히는 데 있다. 조사 지점의 적색토의 A층은 적갈색(5YR/4/3)의 미사질식토로 발달도가 미약한 아각괴상 내지 입상 구조이다. B층은 황적색(5YR4/3) 내지 명적색(2.5YR4/6)의 미사질식토로 발달도가 약한 아각괴상 구조를 보이며 적색의 점토 피막과 망간결핵이 나타나는 점토 집적층의 특징을 갖는 argillie층이다. 토층은 $A_1-B_{1t}-B_{2t}-C$ 층으로 되어있다. 하성 고위면의 퇴적층을 모재로 발달한 본토양은 과거 제4기의 온난한 생물기후 상태하에서 이루어진 강력한 탈규산화 작용과 염기용탈 및 적색토화 작용에 의하여 생성된 고적색토의 일종으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 적색토는 현재보다 온난한 생물-기후상태하에서 탈규산화를 동반하는 적색토화 작용에 의하여 형성된 고적색토로 판단된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.363-363
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• 2008

The development of dry etching process for sapphire wafer with plasma has been key issues for the opto-electric devices. The challenges are increasing control and obtaining low plasma induced-damage because an unwanted scattering of radiation is caused by the spatial disorder of pattern and variation of surface roughness. The plasma-induced damages during plasma etching process can be classified as impurity contamination of residual etch products or bonding disruption in lattice due to charged particle bombardment. Therefor, fine pattern technology with low damaged etching process and high etch rate are urgently needed. Until now, there are a lot of reports on the etching of sapphire wafer with using $Cl_2$/Ar, $BCl_3$/Ar, HBr/Ar and so on [1]. However, the etch behavior of sapphire wafer have investigated with variation of only one parameter while other parameters are fixed. In this study, we investigated the effect of pressure and other parameters on the etch rate and the selectivity. We selected $BCl_3$ as an etch ant because $BCl_3$ plasmas are widely used in etching process of oxide materials. In plasma, the $BCl_3$ molecule can be dissociated into B radical, $B^+$ ion, Cl radical and $Cl^+$ ion. However, the $BCl_3$ molecule can be dissociated into B radical or $B^+$ ion easier than Cl radical or $Cl^+$ ion. First, we evaluated the etch behaviors of sapphire wafer in $BCl_3$/additive gases (Ar, $N_2,Cl_2$) gases. The behavior of etch rate of sapphire substrate was monitored as a function of additive gas ratio to $BCl_3$ based plasma, total flow rate, r.f. power, d.c. bias under different pressures of 5 mTorr, 10 mTorr, 20 mTorr and 30 mTorr. The etch rates of sapphire wafer, $SiO_2$ and PR were measured with using alpha step surface profiler. In order to understand the changes of radicals, volume density of Cl, B radical and BCl molecule were investigated with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The chemical states of $Al_2O_3$ thin films were studied with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and depth profile anlysis of auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The enhancement of sapphire substrate can be explained by the reactive ion etching mechanism with the competition of the formation of volatile $AlCl_3$, $Al_2Cl_6$ or $BOCl_3$ and the sputter effect by energetic ions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2001

We created an environmental forest on the basis of ecological design around the incineration plant of Jindo Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., which is located in Jeongwang-dong, Siheung-si, Kyunggi-do. To get ecological information of this site, physico-chemical properties of soil on salt marsh, which is located close to the syudy site and of forest soil transported from other sites for ecological restoration were analyzed. Texture of salt marsh and transported soils were loam and sandy loam, respectively. pH, organic matter, T-N, available P, and exchangeable K and Na contents of salt marsh and transported forest soils were 6.7 and 5.4, 4.1 and 0.4%, 1.0 and 0.3mg/g, 46.7 and 6.8ppm, 521 and 207ppm, and 3.8 and 0.5mg/g, respectively. Introduced plants were selected among the dominant species of forests and the species composing the potential natural vegetation around the present study site. Those plants were selected again by considering the tolerances to air pollution and to salt, and their availability. Selected trees were Pinus thunbergii, Sophora japonica, Celtis sinensis, Quercus aliena, Q. serrata, Q. dentata, and Q. acutissima. Selected sub-trees were Albizzia julibrissin, Koelreuteria poniculata, and Styrax japonica and shrubs were Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, R. mucronulatum, Callicarpa japonica, Euonymus alatus, E. japonica, and R. schlippenbachii. On the other hand, introduction of herbs was not considered except for Liriope platyphylla, which was ornamentally planted in one site. Planting bed of mound type was adopted to provide the fine drainage system. Mound was designed to furnish litter, A, B, and C layers simuating the profile of forest soil. Slope of mound was mulched by rice straw of 2cm in thickness to prevent for sliding of litter and soil in cases of strong wind or heavy rain. Height of mound was designed to secure more than 1 m by combining A and B layers. Narrow zones, in which mound with stable slope degree cannot be prepared, was designed to equip the standard soil depth with the introduction of stone for supporting. On the other hand, plants with shallow root system were arranged in some zones, in which satisfactory soil depth cannot be ensured. Plants were arranged in the order of tree, sub-tree, and shrub from center to edge on the mound to make a mature forest of a dome shape in the future. Dispersion of plants was designed to be random pattern rather than clumped one. Problems on creation of the environmental forest by such ecological design were found to be management or inspection by non-specialized project operators and inspecting officers, and regulations for construction without ecological background. Alternative plans to solve such problems were suggested.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.633-642
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• 2003

A pain is the symptom which defends against noxious stimulus about a human body, it is known that if the periphery of perceptive nerve were stimulated by a physical or chemical factors, the stimulation is induced by transmission to pain center in the cerebral cortex according to pain conduction tract. The treatment of pain is to decrease a stimulus that causes a pain or block off a nerve transmitting a stimulus or puts on a way to calm down pain center, but It is for adjustment of a pain to be the most representative in acupuncture among various ways to cure a pain in Oriental medicine. However, the analgesic effect of an individual response to acupuncture stimulation shows marked individual variations, so these days genetic a few approach is attempted. On this the author determined that the responding group was appointed those whose tail flick latency (TFL) responding time delayed the minimum of 30 % comparing with basal reaction time. For those whose TFL time had shorter than 30 % was grouped as a non-responding group. And then the hypothalamus of each group was dissected and RNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo dT primer, products were finally applied to the PCR. The results were as follows; The ratio of responding group to non-responding group was 6:4. Ach T (acetylcholinesterase T subunit), BF-I (Brain factor-I), DBH (Dopamine β-hydroxylase) and PNM (Phosphotidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase) were revealed significantly in the responding group. Cathepsin B and Tau were revealed significantly in the non-responding group. The PCR results show that Ach T, BF-I, DBH and PNM are expressed abundantly in the responding group, where as cathepsin B and tau are abundant in the non-responding group. These results suggest that the analgesic effect on acupuncture stimulation is related to regulation of neurotransmitter as well as neurodegeration of cerebrum.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 2010

최근 웰빙 열풍으로 나날이 녹차에 대한 관심과 소비가 증가하고, 생산 재배되고 있는 산지에 대한 브랜드화가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 지역에서 재배되고 있는 녹차품종의 구별 및 차이에 대해서는 아직 많은 연구가 되어 있지 않고 있다. 이 연구에서 국내 대표 녹차산지인 하동지역과 보성지역에서 채집한 녹차와 중국과 일본의 대표적 녹차품종을 가지고 STS-RFLP분석을 수행하였다. 페닐프로파노이드 생합성 경로에 관여하는 페닐알라닌 암모니아 리아제와 찰콘 합성효소 그리고 디하이드로플라보놀 4-리덕타아제 유전자의 암호영역과 비암호영역을 사용하여 이들 품종들을 구별할 수 있는 연구에 성공하였다. 이 논문에서는 녹차품종 구별에 사용 가능한 STS-RFLP법과 프라이머를 나타내었고, 하동지역과 보성지역의 녹차품종을 CHS 유전자의 CAPS 마커만으로 구별할 수 있는 방법을 찾아내어, 국내 지역간 품종의 구분 및 검증에 사용할 수 있다는 사실을 제시하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016

단백질 함량이 높은 닭가슴살을 주 원료로 하여 저작 연하가 용이한 노인식을 개발하고자 젤라틴 함량을 다르게 하여 닭가슴살 저작 연하 보조식을 제조하여 품질 특성을 측정하였다. 색도 측정 결과, 명도는 64.25~67.33, 적색도는 0.96~1.66, 황색도는 14.61~15.84 범위를 나타내었으며 젤라틴의 함량이 적을수록 명도가 증가하고 적색도와 황색도는 감소하였다. Hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess 및 chewiness 등의 조직감을 측정한 결과, 젤라틴의 함량이 증가할수록 hardness는 증가하였고, adhesiveness는 젤라틴 함량과 반비례관계인 것으로 나타났다. 제조한 제품의 유리 아미노산 측정 결과에서는 젤라틴 함량이 증가할수록 tyrosine의 함량이 감소하였고 이외의 아미노산에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 젤라틴 함량을 기준으로 실시한 관능평가에서 맛, 색 및 향에서는 젤라틴 함량에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만 조직감(식감)과 종합적인 기호도에서는 1.3 g의 젤라틴을 첨가하였을 때 가장 높은 기호도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2006

중부 서해안에 분포하는 염해답으로 분류되어 있는 토양에서 간척 후 경작년대의 진척에 따른 토양 특성변화를 구명하고, Soil Taxonomy 분류에 따른 문제점을 검토하며, 염해답에서의 제염 소요년수를 추정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 간척년대가 오래될수록 토색이 밝아지고, 층위가 발달되며, 토양구조의 형성이 진전되는 경향이며, EC는 감소되는 경향이었다. 2. 식양질인 포승통의 경우 분류기준에 따라 분석한 결과를 Salic 층위를 가지고 있는 것으로 판단되었으며, 광활통 등 사양질 토양의 경우에는 아군단위에서의 sodic 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 3. Soil Taxonomy 분류기준을 적영하여 분석하였을때에는 식양질 토양에서는 간척년대가 지속되어도 Na 함량이 기준 이하로 떨어지지 않았으며, 사양질 토양에서는 재배를 시작한지 76된 김제시 광활면 지역에 분포하는 토양에서만 Na 함량이 기준 이하로 떨어져 사질답이라 할 수 있었다. 4. 이용 측면에서 염농도의 피해 기준을 dSmX로 판단할 때 식양질토양은 제염이 되는데 약 108년정도가 소요되었으며 사양질 토양에서는 12년 정도가 소요되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2013

딸기 과실과 설탕 이외에 젤리화 형성에 영향을 주는 산, 펙틴 등을 따로 첨가하지 않고 딸기와 설탕의 배합비를 달리한 잼의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 딸기를 70~30% 수준으로 감소한 처리구의 당도는 $59.00{\sim}77.33^{\circ}Brix$, pH는 4.17~4.28으로 증가한 반면, 총산도는 1.55~0.31%로 감소하였다. 딸기 함량이 줄어드는 S1~S5 처리구의 L값은 5.36~30.83, a값은 27.83~37.19, 그리고 b값은 9.08~40.52로 모두 증가하였다. 딸기 함량이 줄어들수록 딸기잼의 안토시아닌 함량과 펙틴 함량은 각각 9.91~5.15 mg/g, 4.86~1.46 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 딸기 첨가량에 따른 딸기잼의 물성 측정 결과에서도 hardenss, gumminess 및 chewiness은 딸기 함량이 줄어들수록 감소하였다. 딸기 첨가 수준이 낮아지는 S1~S5 처리구의 glucose, fructose 함량이 감소된 반면 sucrose 함량은 증가하였다. 유기산 구성은 oxalic aicd, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid 및 formic acid으로 조성되었고, 이들 함량 변화는 딸기 첨가 수준이 낮아질수록 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 산과 펙틴 등의 첨가물 없이 딸기와 설탕으로만 잼 제조가 가능하지만 색, 맛 등의 품질에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 통상적인 과실잼은 과실과 설탕을 동량인 50%(w/w) 수준으로 제조하고 있으나 과실을 60~70%(w/w) 수준으로 높인 고품질 딸기잼은 당도, 유리당, 유기산 및 안토시아닌 함량 등의 품질이 좋았다. 하지만 당도 $65^{\circ}Brix$ 이하인 점을 고려하여 저장안정성 연구, 안토시아닌 색소 안정성에 대한 연구가 추가적으로 추진되어야 할 필요가 있다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.89-112
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• 2000

Although dental laboratory technicians are prone to be exposed to various work-related health hazardous materials such as dusts, chemicals, etc., the prevalence and nature of work-related health problems of them have not been a matter of great concern in the field of occupational health service in Korea. The purpose of the present investigation was to describe a collected profile of subjective health symptoms and their attributable factors in Korean dental laboratory technicians. A questionnaire listing five groups of health symptoms and five health symptom-related factors was mailed to randomly selected 1,900 dental laboratory technicians. Among them, 1,344 dental laboratory technicians filled out the questionnaires and returnde them. Five groups of health symptoms included musculoskeletal symptom, dermal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, eys symptoms, and ear symptoms. Five health symptom-related factors were occupational environment-related health risk factors, work history, health related habits and status, use of personal protective equipment and general characteristics. Detailed parameters of health risk factors were work posture, vibration, and chemical or physical hazards such as dust, fume, vapor, solvent, light, and noise for occupational environment-related factors; work place, area, number of employees, work hours, career, work part, and work load for work history; Broca's index, hours of sleep, eating, smoking, alcohol, exercise, health examination, and self assessed health status for health habits and status; face masks, goggles, and so on for use of personal protective equipment, and; age, sex, marital status, and education for general characteristics. Before the start of main survey, a pilot survey was carried out for validity and reliability tests of the questionnaire. All the data obtained were coded and analyzed with PC/SAS 6.12 program. The prevalence of health symptoms was the highest in musculoskelton (87.3%), and followde by eyes (78.9%), respiratory organs (64.3%), ears (57.8%), and skin (52.2%) in descending order. Statistically significant risk factors by multiple logistic regression analyses were sex, health examination, self assessed health status, and hand/finger posture in musculoskeletal symptoms; sex, self assessed health status, career, acid gas, and hand contact with resin mixture in deraml symptoms; Broka's smoking, exercise, self assessed health status, and face mask in respiratory symptoms; sex, hours of sleep, self assessed health status, work hours, work load, plaster dust, inadequate lighting, and goggle in eys symptoms, and eating, smoking, self assessed health status, and work load in ear symptoms. With the above considerations in mind, prevalence of subjective symptoms among Korean dental laboratory technicians was relatively high, and they were attributable to most of the occupational environment-related factors, work history, use of personal protective equipment, health habits and status, and general characteristics. Particularly, it is suggested that health promotion programs for promoting self- assessed health status and smoking cessation, preventive measures for protection of the female technicians’health, and reducing work load be necessary, since those factors were associated with more than one subjective symptom.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.150.1-150.1
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• 2014

Showerhead is used as a main part in the semiconductor equipment. The face plate flatness should remain constant and the cleaning performance must be gained to keep the uniformity level of etching or deposition in chemical vapor deposition process. High operating temperature or long period of thermal loading could lead the showerhead to be deformed thermally. In some case, the thermal deformation appears very sensitive to showerhead performance. This paper describes the methods for robust design using computational fluid dynamics. To reveal the influence of the post distribution on flow pattern in the showerhead cavity, numerical simulation was performed for several post distributions. The flow structure appears similar to an impinging flow near a centered baffle in showerhead cavity. We took the structure as an index to estimate diffusion path. A robust design to reduce the thermal deformation of showerhead can be achieved using post number increase without ill effect on flow. To prevent the showerhead deformation by heat loading, its face plate thickness was determined additionally using numerical simulation. The face plate has thousands of impinging holes. The design key is to keep pressure drop distribution on the showerhead face plate with the holes. This study reads the methodology to apply to a showerhead hole design. A Hagen-Poiseuille equation gives the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through such hole. The assumptions of the equation are the fluid is viscous-incompressible and the flow is laminar fully developed in a through hole. An equation can be expressed with radius R and length L related to the volume flow rate Q from the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, $Q={\pi}R4{\Delta}p/8{\mu}L$, where ${\mu}$ is the viscosity and ${\Delta}p$ is the pressure drop. In present case, each hole has steps at both the inlet and the outlet, and the fluid appears compressible. So we simplify the equation as $Q=C(R,L){\Delta}p$. A series of performance curves for a through hole with geometric parameters were obtained using two-dimensional numerical simulation. We obtained a relation between the hole diameter and hole length from the test cases to determine hole diameter at fixed hole length. A numerical simulation has been performed as a tool for enhancing showerhead robust design from flow structure. Geometric parameters for the design were post distribution and face plate thickness. The reinforced showerhead has been installed and its effective deposition profile is being shown in factory.