• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.212-221
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• 2018

Process safety incidents and loss events can be prevented if we identify and adequately take measures on process safety incident precursors in a timely manner. If we look into and take action against the process safety hazard factors causing the incident in the refinery and petrochemical plant, major process safety incidents can be prevented through eliminating or decreasing hazardous factors. We conducted a survey for the major process safety incident precursor to look specifically into the potential process safety hazardous factors of refineries and petrochemical plants in the Yeosu chemical complex. A self-assessment checklist, which was published by Center for Chemical Process Safety "Recognizing catastrophic incident warning signs in the process industry" on major incidents warning sign, was used for the survey. Through this survey, the major process safety incident leading indicators in the process industry were found by process safety management elements, and each site and/or facility can use these leading indicators for activities for process safety incident prevention. In addition, we proposed action items required to eliminate the root cause of those process safety incident leading indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The early identification of thermal hazards associated with a process such as the heats of reaction, exothermic decompositions, and the understanding of thermodynamics before any large scale operations are undertaken. The evaluation of reaction factors and thermal behavior on esterification process in manufacture of concrete mixture agents are described in the present paper. The experiments were performed in the differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), C 80 calorimeter, and thermal screening unit($TS^u$). The aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal stability of single material and mixture in esterification process. We provided the thermal data of chemical materials to present safe operating conditions through this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate types and characteristics of chemical substances used in LCD(Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing process. Methods: The LCD panel manufacturing process is divided into the fabrication(fab) process and module process. The use of chemical substances by process was investigated at four fab processes and two module processes at two domestic TFT-LCD(Thin film transistor-Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing sites. Results: LCD panels are manufactured through various unit processes such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition(CVD), etching, and photolithography, and a range of chemicals are used in each process. Metal target materials including copper, aluminum, and indium tin oxide are used in the sputtering process, and gaseous materials such as phosphine, silane, and chlorine are used in CVD and dry etching processes. Inorganic acids such as hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid are used in wet etching process, and photoresist and developer are used in photolithography process. Chemical substances for the alignment of liquid crystal, such as polyimides, liquid crystals, and sealants are used in a liquid crystal process. Adhesives and hardeners for adhesion of driver IC and printed circuit board(PCB) to the LCD panel are used in the module process. Conclusions: LCD panels are produced through dozens of unit processes using various types of chemical substances in clean room facilities. Hazardous substances such as organic solvents, reactive gases, irritants, and toxic substances are used in the manufacturing processes, but periodic workplace monitoring applies only to certain chemical substances by law. Therefore, efforts should be made to minimize worker exposure to chemical substances used in LCD panel manufacturing process.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2013

Sustainability, in general, means the protection of environmental resources and economic prosperity, with the consideration of the social, economic and environmental effect, as well as human health and the enhancement of life. Profound consideration about sustainability has to handle the overall cycle of feedstock, resource extraction, transportation and production in addition to the environmental effect. Sustainable development of the chemical industries should be carried out complementarily by strengthening the chemical process safety of the industries. In this respect, chemical process safety can be called an opportunity to enhance the compatibility internationally. Changing new paradigm in chemical process safety is formed from the overall life cycle considering basic design of existing systems and production processes. To improve the chemical process safety, the integrated smart system is necessary, comprising various chemical safety database and knowledge base and improved methods of quantitative risk analysis, including management system. This paper discussed the necessity of overall life cycle in chemical process safety and proposed new technology to improve the sustainability. To develop the sustainable industries in process systems engineering, three S, which include Safety, Stability and Security, will have to be combined appropriate.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.156-163
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• 2008

Process change and modification, which are caused by process failure, equipment life cycle and economic environment, have been generated in the chemical plants. And the MOC (management of change) base on the reasonable process safety technology such as change judgment, hazard identification by accurate technical references and risk assessment. But it is difficult to carry out the MOC because of lack of experience, shortage of knowledge and none of process safety specialists. In this study, the MOC system which could make enhancement of safety by finding and complementing weakness of MOC in chemical facilities was developed. This developed MOC system based on QRA was recommended the obvious standard for decision-making process, MOC procedure based on risk assessment and risk estimation of the process modification. The study based on the above way sought the enhancement of safety by performing Risk Based MOC for chemical plants.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.49-58
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• 2005

A Cost-Benefit Analysis which would help us to make optical decisions among safety investment alternatives, calculating and comparing costs and benefits for facilities in chemical plants. As well as offering the related information in the decision makings for safety improvement, it promotes on-site safety activities and the efficiency of safety investments The developed Cost-Benefit Analysis will eventually contribute to our efforts in economically justifying the safety investments in chemical plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.765-774
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• 2023

The Ministry of Employment and Labor implemented the process safety management(PSM) system from 1996 to prevent major industrial accidents caused by chemical substances, but the number of accidents did not drastically decrease. Even in workplaces with excellent PSM ratings, large-scale chemical accidents still occur due to non-compliance with safety work procedures and insufficient safety measures during maintenance and other work. Accordingly, the chemical accident risk warning system was introduced in 2014 to supplement the PSM system and prevent accidents that may occur during regular or unexpected maintenance and repair work. In the meantime, changes in the safety management system have been checked since the introduction of the chemical accident risk warning system at chemical handling workplaces, and based on the results, a plan for upgrading this system has been proposed. The effect of the CARW system was found to directly prevent accidents through wired and on-site consulting and post-management at the workplace and indirectly contribute to the establishment of a safety and health management system at the workplace, such as improving safety culture awareness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.2 s.35
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• pp.60-64
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• 2007

Chemical Process industry in Korea has over 30 year's of history and is likely to face potential incidents. The traditional risk analysis and control system in Chemical Process industry focuses on mechanical defects, overlooking the human performance control. Although development of automation technology and controlling technology was necessary, human decision factor is essential to preventing accidents in the Chemical Process. Almost all serious accidents take place when inappropriate humanperformance and mechanical defects of safety equipments simultaneously occurs. The AHRA(Advanced Human Reliability Analyzer) software has been developed to collect failure data and analyze human error probability (Reliability) in Chemical Process Industry in Korea. This paper describes the HRA analysis result of PIF(Performance Influencing Factor) evaluation, HEP(Human Error Probability) and root cause of accidents by applying a Chemical Process Industry related accident data. This analysis result should present a scheme that, by controlling human error factor other than putting safety management funds into the machinery in plants, can reduce cost and maximize the safety in Chemical Process Industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.64-69
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to suggest new safety technical standards to improve the safety in the incineration process. Firstly, we analyzed the major accidents occurred in the incineration process since 1996 and proposed 4 articles which is required to be added newly to the existing KOSHA GUIDE. Secondly, we also performed the HAZOP study for each study node and also suggested 3 articles. Finally, we analyzed recommendations commented for PSM reports which have been submitted from the enterprise located in Honam province since 2005 and proposed 2 articles as well. We understand that all 9 articles proposed above, should be added to the KOSHA GUIDE in order to improve the safety in the incineration process and to prevent the major fire and explosion accidents in the design stage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.32-39
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• 2014

To ensure the reliability of the safety system so that handing large quantities of hazardous materials in chemical plant is considered basic information in chemical process design. However, the reliability of the production system may be reduced when the reliability of the safety system emphasized in order to ensure the safety of chemical process. It is necessary to balance the reliability of the production system and reliability of the safety. In this study, a quantitative risk assessment was performed by selecting the furnace process, which is widely used in the chemical plant in order to suggest a way to ensure the safety and productivity of chemical process, based on the quantitative data. Quantitative risk assessment methodology have been used directed graph analysis methodology. It is possible to evaluate the reliability of the safety system and the production system. In this study, the optimum system design requirement to improve the safety and the productivity of the furnace is two-out-of-three logic for TT and PT.