• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2022

Background: The constant consumption of chemical products owing to expanding industrialization has led to an increase in public interest in chemical substances. As the production and disposal processes for these chemical products cause environmental problems, regional information on the hazard level of chemical substances is required considering their effects on humans and in order to ensure environmental safety. Objectives: This study aimed to identify hazard contribution and spatiotemporal characteristics by region and chemical by calculating a hazard-based result score using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: This study calculated the chemical discharge and hazard-based result score from the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model, analyzed their spatiotemporal patterns, and identified hotspot areas where chemical discharges and high hazard-based scores were concentrated. The amount of chemical discharge and hazard-based risk scores for 250 cities and counties across South Korea were calculated using PRTR data from 2011 to 2018. Results: The chemical discharge (high densities in Incheon, Daegu, and Busan) and hazard-based result scores (high densities in Incheon, Chungcheongnam-do, and some areas of Gyeongsangnam-do Province) showed varying spatial patterns. The chemical discharge (A, B) and hazard-based result score (C, D) hotspots were identified. Additionally, identification of the hazard-based result scores revealed differences in the type of chemicals contributing to the discharge. Ethylbenzene accounted for ≥80% of the discharged chemicals in the discharge hotspots, while chromium accounted for >90% of the discharged chemicals in the hazard-based result score hotspots. Conclusions: The RSEI hazard-based result score is a quantitative indicator that considers the degree of impact on human health as a toxicity-weighted value. It can be used for the management of industries discharging chemical substances as well as local environmental health management.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was intended to identify hazard contribution by region, media, and chemical by calculating a hazard-based index using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: PRTR data for the period 2011 to 2016 was analyzed to examine the regional trends in toxic releases in terms of quantity and to create a corresponding hazard-based index. For the hazard-based index, the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model was used. Results: The results of the trend analysis show that total releases decreased slightly, but health hazard levels increased consistently. According to the outcome of regional contribution analysis of the hazard-based index, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeonggi-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index for air and water release pollutants, while Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index of soil release and waste transfer pollutants. Also, as a result of the analysis of the top ranked substances in the hazard-based index, it was found that chromium, cobalt and its compounds, and ethylene oxide contributed greatly to air release substances, while chromium, benzene, and lead and its compounds contributed greatly to water release substances. Conclusion: These results showed considerable disparities between total release and health hazard levels, especially in the analysis of contribution by regions and by chemical substance. Therefore, the hazard-based index should be used both to support a more comprehensive and robust approach to screening of chemicals for environmental health policy and for management.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.7-17
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• 1998

본 연구는 화학장치설비중 가압 염소포화액체 저장탱크의 2상흐름 연속누출에 대한 유해위험거리(또는 독성완충거리)를 정량적으로 예측하기 위한 결과영향 모델링 방법론을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 누출원 모델링은 미환경청의 가이드라인에 근거한 정교한 해석방법과 SuperChems 모델의 자체계산에 의하여 각각 수행되었다. 유해위험성 평가에서 법적 독성규제농도로서 사용되는 STEL, IDLH 및 ERPGs (ERPG-2와 ERPG-3) 농도들에 대하여 유해위험거리를 예측하였다. 비상대응계획 수립시 유해위험성 평가의 가이드라인으로 활용하기 위하여 특히 ERPG-2 농도에 대하여 누출원특성 및 기상변화들의 유해위험거리에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2007

HAZOP 기법은 전문가의 경험과 지식을 기초로 브레인스토밍(brainstorming) 방식을 적용함으로써 체계적으로 잠재 위험을 분석, 평가하는 방법으로 검토 시 누락의 가능성을 배제하고 비교적 객관화된 평가서를 작성할 수 있는 장점으로 인하여 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 대규모 화학공장에서는 HAZOP 기법을 이용한 위험성 평가의 실시 및 그 결과의 활용이 잘 이루어지고 있으나, 중 소 화학공장들의 경우 기법 적용이 용이하지 못하여 현실적으로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존에 많이 사용되고 있는 위험성 평가 기법들의 장 단점을 분석 검토하여 중 소 화학공장의 현장에 적용하기 쉬운 위험성 평가 기법을 제시함으로써 사업장 위험 관리 수준의 향상에 기여하고자 하였다.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 1998년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.103-108
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• 1998

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.206-212
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• 2009

Chemical behaviors of each surface material for interior facilities affect to fire initiation and growth in general fire situation. These chemical behaviors were characterized by thermal properties (Heat release rate, Pyrolysis rate, specific heat, etc) which could be derived from experimental test. Especially, Heat release rate which indicates aspect of fire size is one of the most important property to asses fire hazard and protection needs. The cone calorimeter test (ISO 5660) has recently assumed to a dominant role in bench scale fire testing to obtain the Heat release rate of materials. This value could be calculated by the 'Oxygen Consumption Method' under various producing irradiances to each surface of materials. In this study, Process of the cone calorimeter test was simulated by Pyrolysis model of FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator by NIST) base on the ISO 5660 international standard. Then, we could estimate the simulation method of FDS in case of single materials through the comparative study with test results.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1995

To evaluate readily the effect of unconfined vapor cloud explosion(UVCE) having high possibility of accident and risk in chemical industries, the expert system of UVCE was developed and its applicability on a real accident was analyzed. We found that the hazard of UVCE could be well evaluated from the TNT equivalency model and the empirical loss data produced by overpressure for chemical facilities. By using the developed expert system, the size of vapor cloud, the quantity of vaporization, the released energy, the overpressure range from explosion point, and the impact damage of each installation could be estimated respectively. Also, probable maximum loss and catastrophic loss potential for real accident( cyclohexane release in Flixborough Nypro company) were estimated and compared with damages of the accident. As a result, the developed expert system could be well applicable to real accident.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2003

화학공장에서 발생되는 사고 중 대부분은 저장탱크나 운송배관의 손상에 의한 휘발성 유독성물질의 대량 누출이며, 이 경우 누출된 지역의 자연환경과 대기조건에 따른 유동성물질의 확산거동이 안전성평가의 가장 중요한 관심 대상이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 누출물질에 대한 대기 중 확산을 모사하기 위하여 염소저장탱크에서 염소가 누출될 경우를 예제로 선택하여, 위험성평가와 확산모델(dense gas model)을 이용한 결과해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과를 살펴보면 Fire & Explosion Index를 적용한 결과 포괄적인 위험의 정도는 90.7로서 약간 위험한 정도로 나타났으며, 대기확산 모델(PHAST6.0/ALOHA)은 소프트웨어 운용한 결과, Gas Model에 대한 입력 자료 값에 따라 미치는 결과영향이 다소 차이가 있음을 발견하였으나 각 시나리오별 경향은 상당히 일치함을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 향후 보다 정확한 물성입력자료와 지형인자를 고려한다면 이와 같은 연구방법은 유독성물질 누출에 따른 위험성평가를 보다 효율적으로 수행하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2015

Since the HF release in 2012 in Korea, it became one of the most significant to evaluate consequence to the vicinity of industry facilities handling hazardous materials. BTX plant is selected to assess off-site risk to check whether the facility satisfies the Chemical Control Law by Korea Government. Accident scenarios were listed using process safety information. The scenarios having effect to the off-site were selected and assessed further according to guideline provided by Korea government. Worst case and alternative scenarios including other interested scenarios were evaluated using ALOHA. Each evaluated scenario was assessed further considering countermeasures. The results showed that the facility handling chloric acid is safe enough and needed no further protections at the moment.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand what kinds of chemical substances have been used annually and to investigate incidents that occurred due to chemical hazard release and to analyze statistically clinically chemical injury patients who visited one regional emergency medical center in Gumi city with documented references review. Methods: Annual chemical waste emission quantity (Kg/Year) (Cwep) was reproduced using national web site data governed by the Ministry of Environment and 5 years (from 1 .Jan. 2010 to 31. Dec. 2014) of medical records of chemical injury patients who visited our emergency department were reviewed retrospectively. By applying exclusion criteria, 446 patients of 460 patients were selected. Results: Dichloromethane, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, and Xylene were always included within Top 5 of Cweq. Six cases of chemical incidents were reported and in 3 of 6 cases involving Hydrogen fluoride were included during the study period. Male gender and twenties were the most prevalent group. Injury evoking chemicals were Hydrogen fluoride, unknown, complex chemicals (over 2 substances) in sequence. The most frequent site of wounds and injuries was the respiratory tract. Gas among status, intoxication among diagnosis, and discharge among disposition was most numerous in each group. Conclusion: There have been no uniform clinical protocols for chemical wounds and injuries due to various kinds of chemicophysical properties and ignorance of antidotes. Therefore conduct of a multicenter cohort study and experiments for ruling out chemicals according to chemicophysical priority as well as development of antidotes and clinical protocols for chemical injury patients is needed.