• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 2007

A 2-step process for the safe disposal of chemical warfare agents(agent hydrolysis followed by incineration In the submerged-quench incinerator) was studied to obtain basic data for the design of pilot plant in the future. Sample materials used for the hydrolysis reaction were sarin(GB), sulfur mustard (HD), and methylphosphonic difluoride(DF). The hydrolysates of these materials were thermally destroyed in a submerged-quench incineration system. Experimental conditions for achieving destruction efficiency of 99.99% in both steps were established and phosphoric acid was recovered from the waste water when destroying DF hydrolysate in the incinerator. Treated water could be reused as process water for the agent hydrolysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2007

A 2-step process for the safe destruction of chemical wafare agents(agent hydrolysis followed by supercritical water oxidation) was studied to obtain kinetic data for the pilot plant design. This process is simple to operate by using commercial equipments and could be applied as an alternative technology to incineration. Sarin(GB) and sulfur mustard(HD) were hydrolysed in sodium hydroxide and water respectively and their hydrolysates and OPA, which is binary agent for GB were oxidized in a continuous flow supercritical water oxidation system. Destruction efficiencies of the materials were above 99.99% in supercritical water.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2006

The regulation for the low and intermediate level radioactive waste to be transferred to the disposal facility, recently revised, require that radioactive waste generators should set up waste certification program to verify the radioactive waste conform to the waste acceptance criteria(WAC) before disposal. The radioactive waste disposal facility, scheduled to be constructed in Korea, will institute WAC for the wastes to be transferred to the facility. This WAC is expected to compose of the requirements for the radiological characterization, physical and chemical characterization, physical/chemical restriction, prohibited item, packaging, identification, labeling, and documentation. For the compliance with this regulation, The radioactive waste generators should verify that the waste meet WAC through performance of the waste certification program and are responsible for handing in all the certification documents to the disposal facility. This waste certification program plan was set up as a preliminary program for the certification of radioactive waste generated in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and should be further revised until preparation of WAC by disposal agent.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2018

In accordance with the amendment of the Industrial Safety and Health Act of 2007, Korea completely prohibited the import, distribution and manufacture of asbestos like Europe and Japan. Accordingly, the current problem of asbestos is the safe maintenance and disposal of asbestos construction material, the disposal of asbestos, and the final disposal of asbestos building materials. In the past, Korea used 100,000 tons of asbestos every year, and the building materials using it exceeded 1 million tons per year. These asbestos building materials continued to be used until 2006, and the Ministry predicted that these materials would continue to be maintained until 2044. When the permeable hardening agent is applied to the asbestos building material installed in the pre-pretreatment step for the harmless treatment of the asbestos waste and the dismantling is carried out, the scattering of the asbestos is suppressed in the disassembling step, detoxification treatment conditions can be improved. Therefore, permeable hardeners should be stably penetrated into asbestos building materials. In this study, it is suggested that pre - pretreatment methods for the harmlessization of waste asbestos building materials with medium density level can be presented. In order to efficiently perform pre - treatment for chemical harmlessness in the future, the mixing ratio of permeable hardener and middle water Optimization is the most important factor.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

Improper disposal of petroleum and spills from underground storage tanks have created large areas with highly toxic contamination of the soil and groundwater. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is widely used as a fuel additive because of its advantageous properties of increasing the octane value and reducing carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon exhausts. However, MTBE is categorized as a possible human carcinogen. This research investigated the Modified Photo-Fenton system which is based on the Modified Fenton reaction and UV light irradiation. The Modified Fenton reaction is effective for MTBE degradation near a neutral pH, using the ferric ion complex composed of a ferric ion and environmentally friendly organic chelating agents. This research was intended to treat high concentrations of MTBE; thus, 1,000 mg/L MTBE was chosen. The objectives of this research are to find the optimal reaction conditions and to elucidate the kinetic and mechanism of MTBE degradation by the Modified Photo-Fenton reaction. Based on the results of experiments, citrate was chosen among eight chelating agents as the candidate for the Modified Photo-Fenton reaction because it has a relatively higher final pH and MTBE removal efficiency than the others, and it has a relatively low toxicity and is rapidly biodegradable. MTBE degradation was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Under the optimum conditions, [$Fe^{3+}$] : [Citrate] = 1 mM: 4 mM, 3% $H_2O_2$, 17.4 kWh/L UV dose, and initial pH 6.0, the 1000 ppm MTBE was degraded by 86.75% within 6 hours and 99.99% within 16 hours. The final pH value was 6.02. The degradation mechanism of MTBE by the Modified Photo-Fenton Reaction included two diverse pathways and tert-butyl formate (TBF) was identified to be the major degradation intermediate. Attributed to the high solubility, stability, and reactivity of the ferric-citrate complexes in the near neutral condition, this Modified Photo-Fenton reaction is a promising treatment process for high concentrations of MTBE under or near a neutral pH.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.297-311
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• 2012

Since 1997, Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Ministry of Environment have established data on some 400 basic raw and subsidiary materials and process like energy, petro-chemical, steel, cement, glass, paper, construction materials, transportation, recycling and disposal etc by initiating establishment of LCI database. Regarding agriculture, Rural Development Administration has conducted establishment of LCI database for major farm products like rice, barley, beans, cabbage and radish etc from 2009, and released that they would establish LCI database for 50 items until 2020 later on. The domestic LCI database for seeds, seedling, agrochemical, inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer etc is only at initial stage of establishment, so overseas LCI databases are brought and being used. However, since the domestic and overseas natural environments differ, they fall behind in reliability. Therefore, this study has the purpose to select organic farming materials, survey the production process for various types of organic farming materials and establish LCI database for the effects of greenhouse gas emitted during the process in order to select carbon basic units for agricultural production system compliant in domestic situation instead of relying on overseas data and apply life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emitted by each crop during the process. As for selecting methods, in this study organic farming materials were selected in the method of direct observation of material and bottom-up method a survey method with focus on the organic farming materials admitted into rice production. For the basic unit of carbon emission amount by the production of 1kg of organic farming material, the software PASS 4.1.1 developed by Korea Accreditation Board under Ministry of Knowledge Economy was used. The study had the goal to ultimately provide basic unit to calculate carbon emission amount in executing many institutions like goal management system and carbon performance display system etc in agricultural sector to be conducted later on. As a result, emission basic units per 1kg of production were calculated to be 0.0088kg-$CO_2$ for charcoal, 0.1319kg-$CO_2$ for grass liquid, and 0.2804kg-$CO_2$ for microbial agent.