• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

The paper proposes an optimal sizing method of a customer's battery energy storage system (BESS) which aims at managing the electricity demand of the customer to minimize electricity cost under the time of use(TOU) pricing. Peak load limit of the customer and charging and discharging schedules of the BESS are optimized on annual basis to minimize annual electricity cost, which consists of peak load related basic cost and actual usage cost. The optimal scheduling is used to assess the maximum cost savings for all sets of candidate capacities of BESS. An optimal size of BESS is determined from the cost saving curves via capacity of BESS. Case study uses real data from an apartment-type factory customer and shows how the proposed method can be employed to optimally design the size of BESS for customer demand management.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1400-1405
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• 2004

Experimental study is performed to investigate the effect of heat load and operating temperature on the thermal performance of a heat pipe with screen mesh wick. The heat pipe was designed in 200 screen meshes, 500mm length and 12.7mm O.D tube of copper, water as working fluid(4.8g) and nitrogen as non-condensible gas(NCG). The heat pipe used in this study has evaporator, condenser and adiabatic section, respectively. Experimental data of axial wall temperature distribution is presented for heat transport capacity, the temperature of cooling water of condenser, inclination angle, and operating temperature. For the results from this study, it is found that, for the same charging mass of working fluid, the initial operating temperature and the overall wall temperatures of heat pipe are higher for NCG charging mass of $5.0{\times}10^{-6}kg$ and $3.4{\times}10^{-6}kg$, than that of $1.0{\times}10^{-6}kg$.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2017

Capacitor Charging Power Supply(CCPS) is one of the most important components of a pulsed power system. The CCPS is widely used in source of lasers, accelerators and plasma generators. This paper presents design of a dead time control circuit and operation characteristics for stable high repetition rate of high voltage CCPS. The CCPS consists of battery, high voltage transformer and controller with a dead time control circuit. A dead time control circuit was simulated by PSpice. The performance test of the CCPS was carried out with a 7[nF] load capacitor at output voltage of 50[kV] and a pulse repetition frequency of 100[Hz]. As a result, we can verify that charging and discharging waveform is stable at 100[Hz]. The experiment results indicate that 3[ms] dead time made it possible for stable high repetition rate of 100[Hz]. This paper paves the way for designing an advanced CCPS which is more applicable outside experiments.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2014

This paper deals with novel soft-switching method for a bidirectional DC-DC converter in battery charging and discharging system. The proposed soft-switching method provides ZVS and ZCS at turn-on, and ZVS at turn-off of the switch in both charging and discharging operation modes. The soft switching condition can be obtained in wide load range, and provide low switching loss as well as low voltage spike at turn-off of the switch. Proposed method is analyzed in charging and discharging mode. Simulation and experimental results validate the usefulness of the proposed soft-switching method.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2012

High strength steel sheets used for automobile outer-panels have been intensively studied for developing a lightweight automobile under a strong pressure of the requirements for enhancing the mileage and energy saving in production of automobile parts. It is known that high strength steels are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, The susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement increases with increasing its strength. However, the effect of hydrogen on the fracture behavior of high strength steels, though investigated extensively, has not been fully understood. In this paper, hydrogen was charged with 590DP steels by electrochemical method and its content was measured by hydrogen determinator with the different charging conditions. It was shown that the SP energy and maximum load decreased with increasing charging time. The results of SEM-fractography investigation for the hydrogen contained samples showed that a small portion of dimples on cleavage-fractured surface were observed and the size of the dimples were decreased with increasing hydrogen charging time.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2020

In order to increase thrust of the space launch vehicle, liquid oxygen as an oxidizer and kerosene or liquid hydrogen as a fuel are generally used. The oxidizer tank and fuel tanks are manufactured by composite materials such as CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) to increase pay load. The thermal stress of the cryogenic propellant tank should be considered because it has large temperature gradient. In this study, to confirm the design integrity of the oxidizer tank of liquid oxygen, a numerical analysis was conducted on the thermal stress and temperature distribution of the tank for various charging speed of the cryogenic fluid from 100 ~ 900 LPM taking into account the evaporation rate of the liquid nitrogen by convective heat transfer outside the tank and boiling heat transfer inside the tank. The thermal stress was also calculated coupled with the temperature distribution of the CFRP tank. Based on the analysis results, the charging speed of the LN2 can majorly affects the charging time and the resultant thermal stress.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.228-231
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• 2015

In power system research fields, one of current key issues is the construction and commercialization of micro grid site which is called green island, carbon zero island, energy independent island, building micro grid, etc. and various affiliated technologies have been being vigorously developed to realize. In addition, various researches about electric vehicles (EVs) are in progress and it is expected to penetrate rapidly with the next a few years. Some new load models should be developed integrating with electric vehicle loads because the EVs' deployment could cause the change of load composition rate on power system planning and operations. EVs are also resources for micro grid as well as distributed generation and demand response so that various supply and demand side resources should be considered for micro grid researches. In this paper, the load composition rate of residential sectors is prospected considering the deployment of EVs and the resource configuration of micro grid is optimized based on net present cost. In the optimization, the load patten of case studies includes EV's charging characteristics and various cases are simulated comparing micro grid environment and normal condition. HOMER is used to compare various cases and economic effects.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2011

A primary interest of this work is to develop an efficient and powerful repetitive pulser system for the application of ultra wide band generation. The important component of the pulser system is a small-sized coaxial type spark gap with planar electrodes filled with SF6 gas. A repetitive switching action by the coaxial spark gap generates two consecutive pulses in less than a microsecond with rise times of a few hundred picoseconds (ps). A set of several parameters for the repetitive switching of the spark gap is required to be optimized in charging and discharging systems of the pulser. The parameters in the charging system include a circuit scheme, circuit elements, the applied voltage and current ratings from power supplies. The parameters in the discharging system include the spark gap geometry, electrode gap distance, gas type, gas pressure and the load. The characteristics of the spark gap discharge, such as breakdown voltage, output current pulse and recovery rate are too dynamic to control by switching continuously at a high pulse repetition rate (PRR). This leads to a low charging efficiency of the spark gap system. The breakthrough of the low charging efficiency is achieved by a parallel operation of two spark gaps system. The operational behavior of the two spark gaps system is presented in this paper. The work has focused on improvement of the charging efficiency by scaling the PRR of each spark gap in the two spark gaps system.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2021

CO2 가스 발생 감소와 연비향상을 위해서 HEV 차량은 ISG 시스템을 채용하고 있다. 이 ISG 시스템은 배터리가 감당해야 하는 전기 부하를 증대시켰고, 시동 횟수도 급격히 늘어나게 하였다. 이를 위해 AGM 연축전지가 개발되어 사용되고 있으나, 종래의 연축전지에 비해서 formation 중 전해액량 조절이 더 높은 수준으로 유지해야 됨에 따라 충전시간이 약 3배 가량 길어지게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 formation pattern의 최적화를 통해서 충전효율을 증대시켜 충전시간을 단축하고자 하였다. formation pattern의 최적화를 위해서, 16개 multi step에 10개 충전 step과 6개의 방전 step을 적용하고, step별 충전 전류를 조절한 4가지 조건(21 hr, 24hr, 27 hr, 30 hr)으로 시험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 24 hr 시험 조건이 PbO2 변환율이 가장 높게 분석되었고, 용량 103.3 %, 저온시동성능 38 sec, 충전수입성 37.36 A로 나타났다. Multi-step과 방전 step을 적용한 충전 프로그램의 결과, 충전 중에 국부적으로 급격히 발생된 분극화를 제거하고 전류의 손실을 최소함으로써 충전효율을 증가시킬 수 있음을 검증하였다. 이렇게 충전효율을 증가시킴으로써 본 연구에서는 충전시간을 기존에 비해서 약 30 % 감소시키는 탁월한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.106-108
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• 2002

Capacitive current switching test for circuit breaker and load breaker switch requires special attention because, after current interruption, the capacitive load contains an electrical charge and can cause dielectric restrike and re-ignition of the switching devices. therefore dielectric strength of capacitor load bank shall be able to withstand 4Vt (Vt : test voltage) and charging voltage discharged within 1 min. In this paper presents both characteristic of capacitive current switching tests and design of capacitor load bank.