• Title/Summary/Keyword: Charging Policy

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Error Handling and Data Synchronization in Policy and Charging Control Architecture in WiMAX (WiMAX 정책 제어 시스템의 정보 동기화)

  • Seol, Soonuk;Cho, Sungsoo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.38B no.5
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    • pp.355-367
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    • 2013
  • In the Policy and Charging Control(PCC) architecture of the 3GPP and WiMAX forum, the Policy and Charging Rule Function(PCRF) controls and configures the policies of quality of services(QoS) and accounting to a Policy and Charging Rule Enforcement Function(PCEF). In this paper, we categorize the errors into three types that include a disconnection with peer entity, a delayed or no response and a response with failure result, and propose a scheme to automatically synchronize the data between the PCRF and the PCEF for each type of error. Also, we conduct a quantitative analysis to see how much it can help to maintain the cell capacity of the mobile VoIP service in a WiBro network, which is implemented in Korea according to the standards of WiMAX. We can see that our proposed scheme improves the performances of PCC by preventing the waste of radio resources, the overload of systems, the memory leakage of servers, the system shutdown, and so on. We have validated the scheme by implementation, and reflected it in WiMAX standard documents.

An Analysis of Track Access Charging Systems of European Countries and Recommendation of Policy Directions for Domestic Track Access Charging System (유럽의 선로사용료체계 분석과 국내 선로사용료체계 구축방향)

  • Mun Jin-Su
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.235-243
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    • 2005
  • Following the rail reform in 2004, rail industry in Korea has separated into two parts: one is the infrastructure manager and the other is train operator. Amongst many aspects, track access charging system is one of the imminent aspects to be studied closely to make the rail reform successful. In this study, track access charging systems of European countries are closely investigated and compared one another and lessons learnt from their experiences are derived. Finally, policy directions regarding the track access charging system to be adopted in Korea are suggested.

Status of Hydrogen Bus Operations and Charging Stations and Policy Reviews in California, USA (미국 캘리포니아 수소 버스와 충전소 운영 현황과 정책 고찰)

  • KIM, CHANGMO;JIN, SANGKYU;JIN, GOANG SUNG;KWON, YOUNG-IN;BAEK, YOUNGSOON
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.463-469
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    • 2022
  • After reviewing the current status of hydrogen buses and hydrogen charging stations in the United States, as well as related laws and programs, it was found that the federal and state governments supported the supports of hydrogen buses and the deployment of hydrogen charging infrastructure through various policies and programs. In order to promote the spread of domestic and overseas hydrogen buses and hydrogen charging infrastructure, it is necessary to develop and apply various legal systems and programs that can provide incentives to hydrogen bus manufacturers, hydrogen charging station installers, hydrogen bus operating organizations and entities. It is necessary to develop and apply various legal systems and programs that can provide incentives to hydrogen bus manufacturers, hydrogen charging station installers, hydrogen bus operating organizations and entities.

A Study of Comparing and Analyzing Electric Vehicle Battery Charging System and Replaceable Battery System by Considering Economic Analysis (경제성을 고려한 전기자동차 충전시스템과 배터리 교체형 시스템의 비교분석 연구)

  • Kim, Si-Yeon;Hwang, Jae-Dong;Lim, Jong-Hun;Song, Kyung-Bin
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.61 no.9
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    • pp.1242-1248
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    • 2012
  • Electric vehicle usage is currently very low, but it will be increase with development of electric vehicle technology and a good government policy. Moreover in 2020, advanced electric vehicle manufacturing system will give high performance for its price and mass production. Electric vehicle will become widespread in Korea. From an operational and a planned viewpoint, the electric power demand should be considered in relation to diffusion of electric vehicles. This paper presents the impact of the various battery charge systems. A comparison is performed for electric vehicle charging methods such as, normal charging, fast charging, and battery swapping. In addition, economic evaluation for the replaceable battery system and the quick battery charging system is performed through basic information about charging Infrastructure installation cost. The results of the evaluation show that replaceable battery system is more economical and reliable in side of electric power demand than quick battery charging system.

Analysis of Choice model for EV Charger Types and willingness to pay for Charging Rate based on Logit model (로짓모형을 이용한 전기자동차 충전시설 선택모형 및 충전요금 지불의사 분석 연구)

  • Byun, Wan Hee;Lee, Kihong;Kee, Ho Young
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.56-65
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    • 2013
  • The word is endeavoring to reduce greenhouse gases with the sense of crisis caused by the continuous climate change. As a method to decrease greenhouse gases, motors driven by fossil fuels are being substituted by EV in the field of transportation. Meanwhile, for the spread of EV, charging installations are divided into general charging type and quick charging type. Also, charging amount and time are main factors to decide charging pay. But, because the opportunity coast for the charging time varies depending on the private situations, it is very important to understand exact phenomenon for the spread of EV charging installations and charging pay policy. Therefore this paper suggested the choice model of charging installation and time value in various situations by using Logit model to make clear the relationship between a choice of charging installation, charging time and willingness to pay for charge.

Identifying Daily and Weekly Charging Profiles of Electric Vehicle Users in Korea : An Application of Sequence Analysis and Latent Class Cluster Analysis (전기차 이용자의 일단위 및 주단위 충전 프로파일 유형화 분석 : 순차패턴분석과 잠재계층분석을 중심으로)

  • Jae Hyun Lee;Seo Youn Yoon
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.194-210
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    • 2022
  • The user-centered EV charging infrastructure construction policy the government is aiming for can increase convenience for electric vehicle users and bring new electric vehicle users into the market. This study was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the charging behaviors of actual electric vehicle users, which can be used as basic information for the electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Based on charging diary data collected for a week, the charging of electric vehicles was analyzed on a daily and weekly basis, and sequence analysis and latent class analysis were used. As a result, five daily charging profiles and four weekly charging profiles were identified, which are expected to contribute to revitalizing the electric vehicle market by providing key information for decision-making by potential electric vehicle users as well for establishing user-centered charging infrastructure policies in the future.

The Study of EV Charging Infrastructure Installation Policy's Effectiveness in Jeju (제주지역 전기차 충전 인프라 구축정책에 대한 효과성 연구)

  • Youngkyu Koh;Suwan Kim;Jisup Shim;Sang-Hoon Son;Chulwoo Rhim
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.211-224
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    • 2022
  • In this study, factors affecting the efficacy of EV charging infrastructure improvement were investigated for EV users on Jeju Island. This study analyzed satisfaction with the EV charging infrastructure and demographic factors that affect the efficacy of EV charging infrastructure improvement. Factors found to affect the efficacy of EV charging infrastructure improvement include a sufficient number of charger installations, the speed in using EV chargers, the ease of obtaining additional information about charging, and fast customer service for faulty chargers. It was also confirmed that demographic factors such as user's housing types had a significant effect. This study contributes to verifying user satisfaction with the construction of EV charging infrastructure throughout Jeju Island.

New Energy Business Revitalization Model with Smart Energy System: Focused on ESS, EV, DR (스마트에너지 방식을 적용한 전력신산업 활성화 모델 사례 연구: ESS, 전기차 충전, 전력수요관리 중심으로)

  • Jae Woo, Shin
    • Journal of Information Technology Services
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 2022
  • In respond to climate change caused by global environmental problems, countries around the world are actively promoting the advancement of new electricity industries. The new energy business is being applied to energy storage systems (ESS), electric vehicle charging business, and power demand response using cutting edge technologies. In 2022, the Korean government is also establishing a policy stance to foster new energy industries and making efforts to improve its responsiveness to power demand response with the innovative technologies. In Korea, attempts to commercialize energy power are also being made in the private and public sectors to control energy power in houses, buildings, and industries. For example, private companies, local governments, and central government are making all-out efforts to develop new energy industry models through joint investment. There are forms such as establishing energy-independent facilities by region, establishing an electric vehicle charging system, controlling urban lighting systems with Information technologies, and managing demand between power suppliers and power consumers. This study examined the business model applied with energy storage system, electric vehicle charging business, smart lighting, and power demand response based on information communication technology to examine the site where smart energy system was introduced. According to this study, company missions and government tasks are suggested to apply new energy business technologies as economical energy solutions that meet the purpose of use by region, industry, and company.

Charging Behavior Analysis of Electric Vehicle (전기자동차 충전행태분석)

  • PARK, Kyuho;JEON, Hyeonmyeong;JUNG, Kabchae;SON, Bongsoo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.210-219
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    • 2017
  • Electric vehicles, which are attracting attention as eco-friendly vehicles, have been increasing in number since 2011 in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficient operation of existing charging stations and factors to consider when installing additional charging stations based on the case of Jeju Island where the electric vehicle penetration rate is high and the charging infrastructure is relatively well established. The characteristics of using electric car charging stations by region, type of facility, and time of day are analyzed. As a result of analyzing the frequency of using the charger installed in Jeju Island, the utilization of both the fast charger and the slow charger is found to be concentrated in a specific area. The usage rate of charger installed in a business facility and a public parking lot is high in both fast charger and slow charger. However, according to the usage rate by time of day, the fast charger has a high utilization rate throughout the afternoon, while the use of a slow charger is concentrated in the morning. In order to enable users to utilize the electric vehicle charging station efficiently, it is necessary to provide a publicity guide for the charging station having a low utilization rate, a notice for using the charger, and a notification of completion of charging. Considering the charging demand, the area where the charger is not yet installed should be considered as the area to install the charger, and in addition, the additional installation should be considered in the area and the facility where the amount of charge is large. Service improvement is expected to be possible by utilizing actual electric vehicle charging behavior analysis result.

A Novel Spectrum Allocation Strategy with Channel Bonding and Channel Reservation

  • Jin, Shunfu;Yao, Xinghua;Ma, Zhanyou
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.9 no.10
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    • pp.4034-4053
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    • 2015
  • In order to meet various requirements for transmission quality of both primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) in cognitive radio networks, we introduce a channel bonding mechanism for PUs and a channel reservation mechanism for SUs, then we propose a novel spectrum allocation strategy. Taking into account the mistake detection and false alarm due to imperfect channel sensing, we establish a three-dimensional Markov chain to model the stochastic process of the proposed strategy. Using the method of matrix geometric solution, we derive the performance measures in terms of interference rate of PU packets, average delay and throughput of SU packets. Moreover, we investigate the influence of the number of the reserved (resp. licensed) channels on the system performance with numerical experiments. Finally, to optimize the proposed strategy socially, we provide a charging policy for SU packets.