• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1102-1106
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• 2015

A hybrid supercapacitor (HS) is an energy storage device used to enhance the low weight energy density (Wh/kg) of a supercapacitor. On the other hand, a sudden decrease in capacity has been pointed out as a reliability problem after many charge/discharge cycles. The reliability problem of a HS affects the early aging process. In this study, the capacity performance of a HS was observed after charge/discharge. For detailed analysis of the initial charge/discharge cycles, the charge and discharge curve was measured at a low current density. In addition, a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer was confirmed after the charge/discharge. A HC composed of a lithium titanate (LTO) anode and active carbon cathode was used. The charge/discharge efficiency of the first cycle was lower than the late cycles and the charge/discharge rate was also lower. This behavior was induced by SEI layer formation, which consumed Li ions in the LTO lattice. The formation of a SEI layer after the charge/discharge cycles was confirmed using a range of analysis techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.636-643
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• 2006

Si-C materials were synthesized by the heating the mixture of silicon and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The electrochemical properties of the Si-C materials as the high capacitive anode materials of lithium secondary batteries were evaluated by the galvanostatic charge-discharge test through 2032 type $Si-C{\mid}Li$ coin cells. Charge-discharge tests were performed at C/10 hour rate(C = 372 mAh/g). Initial discharge and charge capacities of $Si-C{\mid}Li$ cell using a Si-C material derived from PVDF(20wt.%) were found to be 1,830 and 526 mAh/g respectively. The initial discharge-charge characteristics of the developed Si-C electrode were analyzed by the electrochemical galvanostatic test adopting the capacity limited charge cut-off condition(GISOC). The range of reversible specific capacity IIE(intercalation efficiency at initial discharge-charge) and IICs(surface irreversible specific capacity) were 216 mAh/g, 68 % and 31 mAh/g, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.187-200
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• 2000

The charge and discharge current in EPR(Ethylene Propylene Rubber), which were irradiated with the radiant capacity of 0~600 ［kgy/h］, have been measured in order to investigate the influence of the atmosphere (oxygen, air and vacuum) on electrical properties. It has been shown that the charge and discharge current increase as the amount of radiant capacity increases in air and vacuum atmosphere. This electrical property degradation can be speculated due to that the C＝O radicals or impurities, which comes from during shaping process, may act as dipoles. On the other hand, the charge and discharge current are shown to be higher in the amount of 1［kgy/h］ than these in 10［kgy/h］ in air atmosphere, because the charge and discharge current can be increased as the exposure time is extended with slower rate. Under the same amount of irradiation, the charge and discharge current in oxygen atmosphere are shown to be higher than those in vacuum. This is possibly due to that the main chain can be broken by oxidation when it is exposed to the $\gamma$ -rays.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

In this work, soft carbons produced by pyrolysis of petroleum and coal-tar pitch were used as the negative electrode for Li-ion batteries. We studeid the charge/discharge capacity and the interfacial reaction of these electrodes by constructing a half cell. Charge/discharge property was studied by a constant-current step and the interfacial reaction between the electrolyte and the surface of a carbon electrode was studied by the cyclic voltammetry. The initial charge/discharge capacity for the coal-tar pitch carbon increased exceedingly with the heat treatment temperature. On hte other hand, the capacity of the petroleum pitch carbon increased with temperature up to 1000$^{\circ}C$, thereafter decreased continuously. While the charge capacity decreased with the cycle number, the reversibility increased above 90%. In addition, the thermal stability and crystallization of petroleum and coal-tar pitches were analyzed by TGA and XRD, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.18-22
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• 2001

Spinel $LiMn_{2-y}Mn_{y}O_4$ powder was prepared solid-state method by calcining the mixture of $LiOH{\cdot}H_2O$, $MnO_2$ and MgO at $800^{\circ}C$ for 36h. To investigate the effect of temperature for cycle behaviour of cathode material during cycling, charge-discharge experiments and initial impedance spectroscopy performed by the condition of the charge-discharge temperature. Initial charge-discharge capacity was gradually increased by rising charge-discharge temperature. However, capacity was suddenly decreased at high temperature during cycling. Capacity at low temperature was almost constant during cycling. It confirmed because Mn dissolution is more serious at high temperature than at low temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2000

AC impedance of LiM $n_2$ $O_4$ and LiM $g_{0.1}$M $n_{1.9}$ $O_4$ samples have been studied at various temperature with charge-discharge test. AC impedance of LiM $n_2$ $O_4$ measured at -2$0^{\circ}C$, room temperature and 5$0^{\circ}C$ revealed that initial impedance before charge-discharge test was gradually decreased and become small by becoming law temperature. It indicates that the Li ion diffusion and the transfer resistance of the cathode are related to the temperature of cycling. Impedance at high temperature was suddenly increased because Mn dissolution and decomposition of electrolyte had been increased during cycling, compared to impedance at low temperature. Therefore, charge-discharge capacity was suddenly decreased at high but was slowly at low. In LiM $g_{0.1}$M $n_{1.9}$ $O_4$, impedance and capacity were stability at room temperature than there at 5$0^{\circ}C$, too. Initial impedance at 5$0^{\circ}C$ before charge-discharge test was small and impedance was suddenly increased during cycling than that at room temperature.ure.ure.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2004

The charge/discharge capacity of natural graphite anode in lithium secondary batteries was examined as a function of charge/discharge rate. When the natural graphite anode was galvanostatically cycled in the range of 0.0-2.0V $(vs.\;Li/Li^+)$, the charging capacity decreased with an increase in the charging rate, which is caused by an earlier approach to the charging cut-off (0.0 V) before the complete charging that is in turn caused by an ever-increasing overpotential at higher rates. Even if the overpotential of discharging reaction also increased at higher discharge rates, the discharging reaction took place in the range of 0.0-0.3 V that is far below the discharge cut-off (2.0 V). As a result, the discharge capacity was not affected by the discharge rate because all the lithium ions once intercalated are fully discharged even at high current condition. As the overpotential of lithium deposition reaction also increased at high current condition, the charge capacity of natural graphite could be enlarged by lowering the charging cut-off voltage below 0.0 V, There is, however, a limitation for the lowering of cut-off voltage because the resistance for lithium deposition is smaller than that of lithium intercalation into graphite. When the charge cut-off voltage was lowered down to -0.04 V under IC condition, lithium ions were inserted into graphite without lithium deposition such that the discharge capacity could be raised up to $11\%$.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 1993

To develop high performance nickel-iron secondary battery, the characteristics of charge-discharge reaction of iron electrode were examined by cyclic voltammetry technique, SEM and XRD analysis. The capacity of the test electrodes was determined by the constant current charge-discharge method. It was found that the temperature and concentration of electrolyte were the major determinant factors of electrode capacity, and especially the 1st discharge capacity was increased with the increase of temperature. The effect of fore forming agent on the electrode capacity was negligible. The electrode capacity was above 350 ㎃h/g(36% utility) at 0.25C discharge rate. The stability of electrode was very good, but the activation occurred slowly.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 1999

The charge-discharge characteristics of the $Mg_2Ni-x$ wt.%Nd (x = 0~3) electrodes were investigated. The electrodes were prepared by the mechanical grinding of the induction-melted $Mg_2Ni$ alloy powders with Ni and/or Nd using planetary ball mill apparatus. The discharge capacity of the $Mg_2Ni$ alloy increased with the increase in the nickel content. The electrode possessing 100 wt.% nickel powder showed the initial capacity of 760 mAh/g and the capacity decay with the cycle number was less than that of the 55 wt.% nickel powder. The Nd was added to this composition. It was found that the $Mg_2Ni-100$ wt.%Ni -0.2 wt.%Nd alloy showed an excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics compared with the other reported Mg-Ni alloy system. The discharge capacity was 400 mAh/g after 70 cycles. Such an improved cycle life seems to be attributed to the improvement in the corrosion characteristics of the alloy. The anodic polarization curve of the $Mg_2Ni-100$ wt.%Ni-0.2 wt.%Nd alloy exhibited better passivating behavior than that of the $Mg_2Ni-100$ wt.%Ni.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) which are fabricated using carbon based electrodes have been emerging at an alarming rate to fulfill the energy demand in the present day world. Activated charcoal has been accepted as a very suitable candidate for electrodes but its cost is higher than natural graphite. Present study is about fabrication of EDLCs using composite electrodes with activated charcoal and Sri Lankan natural graphite as well as a gel polymer electrolyte which is identified as a suitable substitute for liquid electrolytes. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge test were done to evaluate the performance of the fabricated EDLCs. Amount of activated charcoal and natural graphite plays a noticeable role on the capacity. 50 graphite : 40 AC : 10 PVdF showed the optimum single electrode specific capacity value of 15 F/g. Capacity is determined by the cycling rate as well as the potential window within which cycling is being done. Continuous cycling resulted an average single electrode specific capacity variation of 48 F/g - 16 F/g. Capacity fading was higher at the beginning. Later, it dropped noticeably. Initial discharge capacity drop under Galvanostatic Charge Discharge test was slightly fast but reached near stable upon continuous charge discharge process. It can be concluded that initially some agitation is required to reach the maturity. However, the results can be considered as encouraging to initiate studies on EDLCs using Sri Lankan natural graphite.