• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

본 연구는 목재의 재질에 대한 목탄 시용의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과 묘목의 연륜폭은 대조구보다 목탄시용구에서 더 넓은 것으로 나타났다. 목탄시용에 있어서, 낙엽송탄이 가장 큰 연륜폭을 나타냈고 다음으로 잣나무탄, 파티클보오드탄, 상수리탄 순으로 나타났다. 만재율과 비중은 목탄시용구가 대조구보다 낮았으며 낙엽송탄에서 가장 낮았다. 가도관장은 대조구보다 분말탄 시용구에서 길게 나타났지만 입상탄에서는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 가도관폭은 목탄시용구와 무처리구 간에 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 세포벽두께도 조재부의 경우 목탄시용구와 무처리구간에 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 만재부의 경우는 목탄시용구가 무처리구 보다 큰 것으로 나타냈다. 마이크로피부릴 경각은 입상탄 시용구에서 대조구보다 작은 것으로 나타났지만 분말탄 시용구와 입상탄 시용구 간에는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 모든 처리구에서 분말탄과 입상탄간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.761-766
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• 2005

Objectives : 본 연구는 암환자의 위장관 기능장애를 개선시킬수 있는 보다 효과적인 약물개발의 일환으로 곽향 추출물의 장운동에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되어졌다. Methods : 생리적인 상태에서 곽향추출물이 장운동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 장운동촉진제인 carbachol과 곽향추출물을 실험쥐들에게 투여후 15분후 charcoal meal을 먹여서 charcoal meal의 소장내 통과 정도를 비교 측정하였다. 또, loperamide, scopolamine, nicotine으로 장운동을 억제시켜 놓은 실험쥐들에 15분 간격으로 곽향 추출물과 charcoal meal을 먹인 후 역시 charcoal meal의 소장내 통과 정도를 비교 측정하였다. Results : 곽향 추출물은 생리상태에서는 장운동에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 곽향추출물은 loperamide와 scopolamine으로 유발된 장운동 억제상태에 대하여 부분적으로 영향을 끼쳤다. 그러나 nicotine으로 유발된 상태에 대해서는 영항을 끼치지 않았다. Conclusion : 곽향 추출물은 소화관 기능부전 완화에 효과적으로 작용하는 천연물이라 추론할 수 있다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

In an effort to make a functional and stable yogurt, this study investigated the improvement effects of sea tangle extract and sea tangle yogurt on intestinal function. The intestinal improvement effect of the extract was measured by the charcoal meal transit method, employing Balb/C mice. And constipation relief was compared utilizing the loperamide-induced constipation method, employing SD rats. Charcoal meal transit was remarkably increased in the mice receiving sea tangle extract as compared to the controls. The constipation relief effects of the sea tangle and sea tangle yogurt were evaluated by measuring fecal amounts in the rats after adding them to water. The fecal contents increased remarkably in the sea tangle administered rat groups as compared to the control group. In addition, different yogurt samples were used to evaluate the characteristics of the sea tangle yogurt. During storage, pH slightly decreased in the yogurt with sea tangle as well as without. At the same time, acidity slowly increased as the storage duration increased. As time elapsed, the amounts of viable cells increased in both yogurts (with and without sea tangle). In the sensory evaluation, significant differences were shown between the sea tangle yogurt and the control for color, flavor, sweetness, and overall quality. Overall, based on the combined results of the intestinal function effects and sensory evaluation, the 0.25% sea tangle yogurt proved to be superior.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental charcoal(CH) or charcoal extract(CE) on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks for 5 weeks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21% crude protein for the first 3 weeks and 19% for the rest two weeks. Two levels of dietary CH(O, 0.5%) and CE(0, 0.2%) were fed in a factorial design. There were four replicates of 10 chicks each per treatment. An increased growth rate was observed in chicks fed the basal diet supplemented with CE alone. Chicks fed the diet containing both CH and CE tended to depress the growth rate. Dietary supplemental CH and CE improved the feed conversion efficiency compared to the control group, but was not significantly different between them. The abdominal fat(%) of chicks fed CH alone or both CH and CE tended to de-crease without significant difference. The total lipid content of breast meat of chicks fed CE alone showed significant difference among treatments (P

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Baekyeum (BKE) on intestinal motility. Methods: The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at the physiological state were evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of a charcoal meal. The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at cabachol-induced activated state and loperamide induced suppressed state were also evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of charcoal meal. Results: BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility in physiological state, and BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility at the carbachol-induced activated state. BKE activated significantly the intestinal motility at the loperamide-induced suppressed state. Conclusions: It can be concluded that BKE is an effective herbal prescription for cancer-patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, especially intestinal stasis.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2001

쌀겨와 목탄시용이 벼생육과 논토양의 세균의 밀도에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 전남 장성의 일반농가포장인 양토(옥천통)에서 화학비료 시용략($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=50-30-30kg\;ha^{-1}$)수준으로 시용하고 여기에 쌀겨전층 $1.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 쌀겨표층 $1.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 목탄 $3.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 쌀겨 $1.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$와 목탄$3.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$혼합 시용구와 무처리구를 두고 토양중 질소형태, 식물체 질소흡수량 및 몇몇 세균의 밀도 등을 검토하였다. 토양중 $NH_4-N$와 $NO_3-N$함량은 쌀겨표면시용구와 쌀겨와 목탄혼합시용구에서 출수기까지 높았으나 그 이후는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었으며 식물체 질소흡수량은 역시 쌀겨와 목탄혼합시용구에서 가장 높았으나 목탄시용구는 무처리수준이었다. 토양의 미생물밀도중 전호기성 세균수는 유수형성기에 쌀겨와 목탄혼합시용구에서 가장 높았고, 셀루로스 분해균수는 생육초기에 높았다가 출수기에 감소후 수확기에 다시 높았으며 초기에는 쌀겨표면시용구에서, 후기에는 쌀겨와 목탄흔합시용구에서 높았다. 질소순환 미생물중 암모니아 산화균수와 탈질균수는 분얼기가 출수기보다 높았고 쌀겨표면시용구와 쌀겨와 목탄혼합시용구에서 가장 높았다. 질소고정관련 미생물중 Azotobacter균수는 생육초기에 쌀겨표면시용구가 가장 높았고 Athiorhodacea균수는 전 생육기간를 통하여 쌀겨전충시용구에서 높았으나 목탄시용구는 가장 낮았다. 따라서, 논토양에서 쌀겨시용은 각종 세균수의 증가에 효과가 있으나 목탄단독시용은 그 효과를 기대할 수 없었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2004

본 연구는 장기능 개선 및 변비 질환의 예방 및 치료에 효과적인 천연 식품인 무(Raphanuse sativa var. nigra L.)로부터 추출, 정제된 조성물, 보다 상세하게는 무의 물 추출물에서 정제 분획된 분자량 3-10 kDa가 주성분으로 장기능 및 변비 질환의 개선 효과를 가지는 조성물에 관한 것이다. 무의 물 추출물을 Balb/c mice를 이용한 활성탄 식이의 장 이동 효과와 SD rats를 이용한 loperamide-induced constipation method에 의한 항변비 효과를 검색하였다. 또한 항변비 효과 검색을 종료한 후, 희생한 횐쥐의 대장관 내 점액질 분비 효과를 조사하였다. 특히, 대장에 많이 존재하는 MUC2 분비 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 무의 물 추출물은 식수만 투여한 대조군에 비해 용량에 비례해서 활성탄 식이의 장 이동 효과가 현저하게 증가되었고, 다양한 용매 분획에서는 무의 물 분획이 가장 큰 장 이동 효과를 나타내어, 물 분획이 장 이동을 촉진시키는 활성 물질이 가장 많이 함유된 분획으로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 물 분획을 분자량 크기로 3 kDa 이하, 3-10 kDa, 10-300 kDa, 300 kDa 이상의 4가지 세 분획으로 나누어 활성탄 식이의 장이동 효과를 조사한 결과, 이들 세 분획중에서 3-10 kDa의 분자량을 가진 분획이 주요 구성 물질로 장 이동 촉진 효과를 보였다. Loperamide를 이용해 3-10 kDa의 변비해소 작용을 알아 본 결과에서도 무 물세분획(3-10 kDa) 투여로 변비 유발기간 내내 변량이 증가되었으며, 변비 유발군에 비해, 사료 섭취량의 증가는 변비 유발 물질인 loperamide를 계속 섭취함에도 불구하고 변비가 해소되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 무 물세분획(3-10 kDa)의 대장관내 점액질의 분비에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과에서도, 대장관 내 변의 개수가 정상군과 거의 같은 수준의 변 개수가 관찰되어 배변촉진 효과가 확인 되었고, 항체(Biogenex AM358)를 사용하여 면역조직 화학법으로 MUC2 관찰시, 변비 유발군에서는 MUC2로 염색된 세포가 현저하계 감소되나, 무 물세분획(3-l0 kDa) 투여시 뚜렷하게 MUC2 염색이 증가되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2006

Objectives : Siguan points (LI4, LR3) have been most frequently applied for various diseases, especially different digestive disorders such as constipation, abdominal pain or various intestinal inflammatory diseases. The fact that gastrointestina movement is closely connected with physiologic functions or pathologic process of alimentary canal led us to ask the question if Siguan points affects on intestinal motility. Design: To investigate the effect of Siguan acupuncture on the intestinal movement in both physiologic and pathologic conditions, we divided the experimental animals into 12 groups. Six groups were pre-treated with loperamide (0.5 mg/kg, sc) or scoploamine (0.5 mg/kg, sc) to suppress the intestinal movement and another three groups were pretreated with carbachol (0.5 mg/kg, po) to activate it, whereas the rest three groups didn't receive any pretreatment to be kept in the physiological condition. After the administration with charcoal meal, mice were acupunctured bilaterally on sham point or Siguan points as the manner of tap-stimulation, with the exception of no acupuncture groups. Methods : Mice were scarified in twenty minutes after the administration of charcoal to measure the distance of charcoal passage from stomach-duodenal junction. The effect on intestinal movement was presented by calculating the relative distance where charcoal arrived to total length of small intestine. Results : In physiological state, charcoal meal passed around 53%, and there was no significant difference between Siguan points and sham points groups. On the other hand. Siguan points-sitimulation significantly ameliorated loperamide or scoplolamine-induced suppressed travel rate of 17.3 % and 18.6% in sham point into 26% and 26.3% respectively (p<0.05). In carbachol-induced accelerated condition, Siguan points-stimulation didn't affect intestinal motility comparing to sham point group passed about 97.6%. Conclusions : These results postulate that acupuncture at Siguan points have a therapeutic effect by restoring cholinergic activity on pathogenically suppressed intestinal peristalsis, but does not affect the gastrointestinal motility in the normal or accelerated condition.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2005

Aqueous extract of antidiarrhoeal formulation (ADF) containing Holarrhena antidysentrica, Aegle marmelos and Punica granatum was investigated for antidiarrhoeal activity against charcoal-induced gut transit, serotonin-induced diarrhoea and $PGE_2-induced$ small intestine enteropooling in rats. The control, standard and test groups of experimental animals were administered with normal saline (p.o.), diphenoxylate hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and ADF (250 mg and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively except the control group of $PGE_2-induced$ small intestine enteropooling which received only 5% ethanol in normal saline (i.p.). Charcoal (10 ml/kg, p.o.) and serotonin $(600\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.p.)$ were administered after 30 min, while $PGE_2\;(100\;{\mu}g/kg,\;p.o.)$ was administered immediately afterwards. The distance traveled by charcoal in small intestine was measured after 15 and 30 min of charcoal administration, diarrhoea was observed every 30 min for six hour after serotonin administration and the volume of intestinal fluid was measured after 30 min of $PGE_2$ administration. Oral administration of ADF significantly inhibited the frequency of defaecation and decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract, reduced the wetness of faecal dropping in serotonin-induced diarrhoea and also reduced the $PGE_2-induced$small intestine enteropooling. ADF may have potential to reduce the diarrhoea in rats.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.297-310
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• 2024

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory and laxative effects of Polycan in TNF-α-treated HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells and loperamide-induced constipation in vivo models, respectively. Methods : To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Polycan, HT-29 cells were treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of Polycan. IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAPK phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and phosphorylation of IκB were assessed by Western blot analysis. To investigate the laxative effects of Polycan, 6-week-old SD rats (8 female rats per group) were orally administered Polycan or Chicory Fiber as a positive control for 4 weeks, and constipation was induced with loperamide treatment for 10 days before sacrifice. One day before sacrifice, a charcoal meal was administered to evaluate intestinal transit times. The periodically collected feces were used to assess the number of fecal pellets and fecal water content. Results : Polycan inhibited TNF-α-induced IL-8 expression in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Polycan suppressed TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK), degradation of Iκ-Bα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In an in vivo constipation model, the number of fecal pellets per food intake was significantly increased in rats administered with Polycan, both 1 day and 7 days after loperamide treatment. The water content of fecal pellets was restored in the Polycan groups starting 7 days after loperamide treatment. In addition, Polycan intake significantly enhanced the gastrointestinal transit ratio of a charcoal meal but reduced the number of intestinal fecal pellets. Conclusions : These results suggest that Polycan suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammation by blocking both the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in HT-29 cells. Additionally, in a loperamide-induced constipation model, Polycan showed clear laxative effects by increasing the number of fecal pellets, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio of a charcoal meal.