• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 1994

본 연구는 수술환자의 술 후 폐환기능 회복을 돕기 위한 효과적인 간호중재의 자료를 제공하고자 부산시내에 소재한 P 대학병원의 일반욋과에 입원하여 전신마취하에 상복부 수술을 받은 환자 46명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료수집기간은 1993년 11월 1일부터 12월 31일까지로 하였고, 처음 4주간동안 대조군을, 다음 4주간에 실험군을 자료수집하였다. 실험군에는 Incentive Spirometer를 사용한 심호흡법을, 대조군에는 호흡기구를 사용하지 않은 자발적인 심호흡법을 수술 후 의식이 회복된 직 후부터 매 1시간마다 규칙적으로 24시간동안 실시하였다. 폐환기능의 측정도구는 운반이 용이하고 사용이 간편하여 임상적으로 많이 이용되는 Vitalograph Compact를 사용하였으며, 수술 전과 수술 후 24시간, 수술 후48시간, 수술 후72시간, 각 각 4회에 걸쳐 대상자들의 노력성 폐활량과 일초 노력성 호기량을 측정하였다. 여기서 수집한 자료를 SPSS $PC^+$를 이용하여, 백분율, 평균, t검정, $X^2$검정, 일원변량분석으로 통계처리하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같았다. 1) 대상자들의 일반적특성은 여성이 41.3%, 남성이 58.7%이며, 평균연령은 $48.48{\pm}12.26$, 흡연습관은 대상자 전체의 43.5%가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 과거 호흡기 질환은 전체의 8.7%가 앓은 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2) Incentive Spirometer를 사용한 심호흡방법은 수술 후의 노력성 폐활량에서 24시간에 $1.46{\pm}0.54L$, 48시간에 $1.58{\pm}0.60L$, 72시간에 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$로서 유의한 차이를 보였다(F=3.530, P=0.035). 즉 시간경과에 따라 폐환기능의 회복에 효과적이었다. 3) 호흡기구를 사용하지 않은 자발적인 심호흡 방법은 수술 후 노력성 폐활량이 24시간에 $1.19{pm}0.43L$, 48시간에 $1.35{\pm}0.42L$, 72시간에 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(F=3.480, P=0.037), 술 후 일초 노력성 호기량도 24시간에 $1.00{\pm}0.28L$, 48시간에 $1.20{\pm}0.37L$, 72시간에 $1.33{\pm}0.33L$로 유의한 차이를 보였으므로(F=6.153, P=0.004), 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 4) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 노력성 폐활량은 수술 후 72시간에서 실험군이 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$, 대조군이 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.620, P=0.013). 5) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의 술 후 폐환기능에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별로 나타났다. 이에 따른 폐환기능의 차이를 보면, 실험군의 술 후 노력성 폐활량이 48시간에 남자($1.78{\pm}0.61L$)가 여자($1.27{\pm}0.45L$)보다 더 높게 나타났으며 (t=2.170, P=0.042), 72시간에도 역시 남자($2.16{\pm}0.56L$)가 여자($1.50{\pm}0.47L$)보다 더 높았다(t=2.910, P=0.008). 술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 24시간에서 남자가 $1.54{\pm}0.60L$, 여자가 $1.00{\pm}0.30L$으로 유의하였고 (t=2.460, P=0.023), 48시간에 남자가 $1.64{\pm}0.62L$, 여자가 $1.09{\pm}0.41L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.360, P=0.028), 72시간에도 남자($1.96{\pm}0.62L$)가 여자($1.33{\pm}0.50L$)보다 더 높게 나타났다(t=2.540, P=0.019). 즉 실험군의 술 후 폐환기능은 남자가 여자보다 더 우세하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 요약된 연구결과를 토대로, 연구자는 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Incentive Spirometer를 사용한 심호흡법이 호흡기구를 사용하지않은 자발적인 심호흡보다 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 있어서 더 우수한 방법이었다. 그러므로, 임상간호사는 상복부 수술환자의 술 후 폐환기능 회복을 돕고 나아가 폐합병증을 예방하기 위해 Incentive Spirometer를 사용한 규칙적인 심호흡법을 술 후에 간호중재의 한 방안으로 실시할 것을 권장하며, 아울러 병동의 사정 상 호흡기구의 비치가 가능하지 않다면 호흡기구를 사용하지않은 자발적인 심호흡법을 술후에 꾸준히 적용하는것도 임상간호학발정에 기여하리라고 본다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.204-212
• /
• 2008

목 적: 유방 보존수술 후 방사선 치료를 받은 환자에서 치료의 성적과 무병 생존율 및 재발에 영향을 주는 위험인자에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 3월부터 2003년 12월 까지 유방 보존수술 시행 후 방사선 치료를 받은 환자 77명을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 추적 관찰 기간의 중앙값은 58.4개월($43.8{\sim}129.4$개월)이었다. 전체 환자의 평균 연령은 41세, 중앙 연령은 40세이었다. 수술 후 조직학적 T 병기는 Tis가 7명, T1 38명(49.3%), T2 28명(36.3%), T3 3명, 미확인이 1명이었다. 액와 림프절 전이가 없는 경우가 52명(67.5%), $1{\sim}3$개 전이가 14명(18.1%), 4개 이상이 3명(0.03%)이었다. 절제연이 음성인 환자는 59명이었고, 2 mm 이내로 근접한 경우는 15명, 양성인 경우는 2명이었다. 방사선치료는 전체 유방에 접사면으로 조사한 후 원발 병소 부위에 전자선으로 추가조사 하여 총 59.4 Gy에서 66.4 Gy를 시행하였다. 액와 림프절의 개수가 4개 이상인 경우에는 액와 림프절과 쇄골 상 림프절을 포함하여 $41.4{\sim}60.4$ Gy를 조사하였다. 항암화학요법은 59명에서 시행되었고, 호르몬 치료로는 tamoxifen 또는 fareston을 사용하였으며 29명에서 시행하였다. 결 과: 5년 생존율은 98.1%이었으며, 5년 무병 생존율은 93.5%이었다. 총 77명의 환자 중 4명(5.2%)의 환자가 재발을 하였다. 1명은 쇄골 상 림프절 재발, 1명은 쇄골 상 림프절과 동시에 다발성 원격전이, 다른 2명은 원격전이가 발견되었다. 원발 병소 주위의 국소 재발은 추적 관찰 기간 중 발견되지 않았다. 림프절 전이 유무나 숫자는 재발이나(p=0.195)무병 생존율(p=0.30)에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 절제연이 양성인 2명 중 1명이 7개월 만에 재발을 하였고, 재발 기간까지 걸린 기간인 무병 생존기간이 통계적으로 의미 있게 짧은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.0001), 재발 빈도도 절제연이 음성이거나 가까운 경우에 비해서 통계적으로 의미가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p=0.0507). 그러나 절제연이 근접한 경우에는 절제연 음성인 경우와 비교하여 통계적으로 재발 빈도에 차이가 없었다(p=1.000). 재발된 4명은 모두 40세 이하로 9.2%의 재발률을 보인 반면, 40세 이상에서는 재발이 없었으나 두 그룹 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.1255). 수술 후 조직학적 T 병기는 T2의 경우 4명(14%)이 재발한 반면, T1에서는 재발이 발견되지 않았으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.0284). 무병 생존율도 T2 환자의 경우에 통계적으로 의미 있게 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p=0.0379). 무병 생존율에 영향을 미치는 단변량 분석에서 수술 후 조직학적 T 병기, 절제연의 상태, p53 수용체 변이가 통계적으로 의미 있게 나왔다. 결 론: 초기 유방암에서 유방 보존수술 후 방사선치료는 높은 국소제어율과 무병 생존율을 보이는 안전한 치료이다. 절제연 양성, 수술 후 조직학적 T병기, p53 수용체 변이 등은 통계적으로 유의하게 재발 위험이 높은 군에 속하였으며, 무병 생존율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2005

목적: 조기위암은 진행위암에 비해 월등히 좋은 예후를 보인다. 조기위암의 5년 생존율은 현재 $90\%$를 상회하며 치료가 가능한 암으로 알려져 있다. 특히 조기위암에서 중요한 예후인자는 림프절 전이의 존재 여부이다. 요즘 조기 위암에 대해 보존적 술식이 제안되고 있지만 각 개인에 있어서 적절한 술식을 선택하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이후향적 연구는 점막하층암에서 적절한 치료 방법을 결정하기 위해서 임상병리학적 형태와 림프절 전이와 관련된 인자들을 명확히 하기 위해 시행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구의 대상은 전남대학교병원에서 1981년부터 1999년 사이에 수술을 받았던 점막하층암(I군) 279예의 임상병리학적 특징을 점막암(II군), 근육층암(III군)과 비교한 것이다. 각 군들 간에 나이, 성별, 종양의 위치, 간 전이 여부, 복막파종 여부 등은 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결과: 림프절 전이는 점막하층암 279명 중 47명($16.8\%$)에서 보였다. 점막하층암에서 림프절 전이는 점막에서 보다 유의하게 높았다($16.8\%\;vs.\;3.9\%$; P<0.01). 점막하층암(I군)에서 5년 생존율은 $88.6\%$이며 점막암(II군)과 근육층암(III군)에서는 각각 $95.2\%$와 $72.7\%$였다(I군 vs. II군, I군 vs. III군; P<0.01). 점막하층암 환자에서 림프절 전이가 있는 경우 생존율은 림프절 전이가 없는 경우에 비해 유의하게 불량하였다($82.2\%\;vs.\;93.6\%$; P<0.01). 결론: 점막하층암에서 림프절의 전이유무가 중요한 예후인자이므로 D2 림프절 곽청술을 포함한 위절제술이 점막 하층암 환자에서 적절한 수술적 방법으로 사료된다. 예후 인자라고 할 수 있다. STI-571은 재발 혹은 전이 환자에 있어 치료 효과를 나타내므로 술후 치료에 적용하는 것이 예후 향상에 기여하리라 생각된다.한 검사로 환자의 일반적인 상태를 반영하며, 특히 혈소판 증가증, 혈청 알부민 감소, 빈혈 등이 나타난 경우 병의 예후가 나쁠 것임을 예측하는데 유용한 것으로 판단된다.서는 C/C 116($40\%$), C/T 103$40\%$), T/T 68($24\%$)이었다(P=0.045). 암의 위치에 따른 MTHFR유전자형의 분포는 위 하부에서 C/C 16($28\%$), C/T & T/T 42($77\%$)이었고, 위 중부 및 상부에서 C/C 2($5\%$), C/T & T/T 36($75\%$) 이었다(P=0.006). 환자군 내에서 흡연력 유무에 따른 MTHFR유전 자형의 분포는 흡연력이 있을 때 C/C 13($23\%$), C/T & T/T 43($77\%$)이었고, 흡연력이 없을 때 C/C 5($12\%$), C/T & T/T 35 ($88\%$)였다(P=0.189). 환자군 내에서 음주력 유무에 따른 MTHFR유전자형의 분포는 음주력이 있을 때 C/C 12($26\%$), C/T & T/T 33($74\%$)이었고, 음주력이 없을 때 C/C 6($12\%$), CT & T/T 45($88\%$)였다.(P=0.063). 결론: 본 연구에서는 MTHFR C/T & T/T 유전자 다형성이 위암의 발생과 그 위치에 대해 관련이 있는 것으로 여겨지고, 흡연력, 음주력과는 관련이 없는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2009

목적: 골반부 방사선 치료를 받은 자궁경부암 환자에서 골밀도 검사 부위인 요추부위와 대퇴골 경부에서 방사선 치료 범위에 인접한 부위와 원격 부위의 골밀도 양상 및 골밀도 관련 인자와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 고신대학교 복음병원 방사선 종양학과에서 골반부 방사선 치료를 받고 외래에서 추적 관찰하면서 2002년 11월부터 2006년 12월까지 골밀도 검사를 받은 자궁경부암 환자중 96명을 대상으로 제 1 요추부위, 제 4 요추부위와 대퇴골 경부 전체 부위에서 T-score와 Z-score를 조사하여 각 평균치가 각 부위별로 유의하게 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 환자군의 특성과 관련하여 연령, 체중, 체질량 지수(BMI), 방사선 치료 종료 후 골밀도 검사일까지의 경과 기간, 자궁강내 근접치료(ICR) 추가 유무, 여성 호르몬 치료(HRT) 여부에 따른 T-score와의 관계를 각 부위별로 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 연령대의 각 부위별 T-score의 평균치는 제 1 요추부위가 -1.94, 제 4 요추부위가 -0.42, 대퇴골 경부 전체가 -0.53이었고 각 부위별 Z-score의 평균치는 제 1 요추부위가 -1.11, 제 4 요추부위가 -0.40, 대퇴골 경부 전체가 -0.48이었다. 제 4 요추부위 및 대퇴골 경부의 T-score와 Z-score는 제 1 요추부위와 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05), 제4요추부위와 대퇴골 경부사이에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 60세 미만의 연령군에서도 같은 결과를 보였다. 각 부위별 T-score 모두에서 연령, ICR 여부 변수에 대해서 유의한 음의 상관 관계를 보였고(p<0.05), 체중, HRT 여부 변수에 대해서는 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 체질량 지수에 대해서는 제 4 요추부위와 대퇴골 경부의 T-score와 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 각 변수들이 각 부위별 T-score에 미치는 고유한 영향력을 알아보기 위한 다중 회귀 분석에서 연령은 제 1 요추부위와 대퇴골 경부의 T-score와 유의한 음의 연관을 보였으나(p<0.05) 제 4 요추부위와는 유의한 연관이 없었다. 체중은 각 부위 모두에서 T-score와 유의한 양의 연관을 보였다(p<0.05). ICR 여부 변수는 제 1 요추부위의 T-score와만 유의한 음의 연관을 보였다(p<0.05). HRT 여부 변수는 제 4 요추부위와 대퇴골 경부의 T-score와 유의한 양의 연관을 보였다(p<0.05). 결론: 본 연구에서는 제 4 요추부위와 대퇴골 경부의 T-score와 Z-score가 제 1 요추부위의 값보다 유의하게 높은 결과를 보였는데 일반인을 대상으로 한 일부 연구와는 다른 결과였다. 각 부위 간의 의미있는 차이에 대해서 노화나 다른 요인의 영향을 고려해 볼 수 있으며 방사선 치료 범위에 인접하거나 포함된 부위에서 더 높은 T-score와 Z-score를 보인 점에서 그 중 방사선의 영향도 부분적으로 작용하였을 것으로 생각된다. 방사선 치료 환자군의 골밀도 특성의 임상적인 의미에 대한 장기간의 추가적인 연구가 필요하며 이에 따라서 방사선 치료 환자에서 골밀도 검사에 의한 골다공증의 진단에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.16-42
• /
• 1978

This survey was made for a month starting from November 15 to December 15, 1977 covering 711 students taking the junior. (3rd-yea.) and the senior. (4th-year) at nine college of nursing in Seoul concerning their perception and Attitude toward the profession of nursing, motive for the necessity of learning, environment of study, attitude of study and particulars relevant with study performance, particulars of library, references and reading, assignments and particulars of the degree of confidence for the learning achievement. Through the survey of the above Particulars, the following results were obtained by classifying all subject matters and by analysing motive of the selection of their course, awarding or not awarding of scholarships. 1. General characteristics: it was revealed that 406 students (57.1%) were attending at the junior. while 305 students (42.9%) were taking the senior. Thus, the total number was 711 and their average age was 21.4 years. Their dwelling category was; 73.9 percent of them resided at their parent's home, 214 students (30.1%) were awarded with scholarships. The reason to be attracted by nursing science was the possibility of continuing social life after graduation (43.5%). 2. Their perception and attitude toward the profession of nursing: According to the perception of profession by the students of each grade, students of the 4th grade showed comparatively strong conception. Also, students of the 4th grade showed more positive attitude in the purchase and reading of magazines relative with the science of nursing, in the reading of Code for Nurses and in their interest in the activity of nursing field. For the necessity of mission of nurse, 97.7 percent of the entire number of students covered responded to necessity. For the necessity of the particular humanity and particularity in the character of nurses, 95.8 percent of those students responded to necessity. By the each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more response. 3. As to professional field desired after completing the professional course: 57 percent of those students desired for clinician nurse while 55 percents desired for community health-nurse. 4. As to the environment of study: they were mostly satisfied with their present residential environment. However, they complained of inconvenience at their lecture-halls. Students of the 3rd grade showed more complain. As to their attitude toward the adjustment of environment of study, they showed a affirmative response. As to the opinion of factors which interfere with their study, comparatively strong response was showed in their scepticism in the science of nursing, insufficient comprehension in general learning, relation with professors n4 discrepancy in the method of study. According to opinions of students at each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more scepticism. 5. Particulars relative with their attitude and performance of study : As to their knowledge of the objectives of their study of subject, the majority was to study with a partial knowledge of the objectives of their study. As to the plan of study, a low percentage indicated management of routine life under regular scheduling. Students of the 4th grade responded to rather planned life. As to time spent in independent study, response to concentrated study when necessary was stronger than that to regular daily study. Students of the 4th grade showed stronger response to regular study than that of the 3rd grade. As to the contents of their note-taking, 67.4 percents of those students responded to such regulatory procedure performing in the lecture-hall as they listen to lectures. 17.3 percents of those students showed response to adding supplementary informations from references to what was entered in choir note-taking at their lecture-halls. 6. Particulars of library, references and reading books: As to receiving of instruction for the utilization of library and time of receiving such instruction 64.7 percents of those students had received such instruction. 66.7 percents of the those responded received such instruction at orientation conducted for freshmen. As to the convenience of the utilization of library, 49.9 percents of those students responded to convenience. However, students of the 3rd grade showed a much stronger response to inconvenience. As to the time of the utilization of library,92.5 percents of those students showed a response to occasional utilization for particular purpose than regular utilization. 53.2 percents of those students responded to ordinary in quantity that library have references. 34.2 percents of those students responded to insufficient. As to the particular relative with the method and field of reading: 53.5 percents of those students responded to intensive reading and was the majority. As to the reading field, fiction u as the majority. When read any books for their major, they usually rend Korean text-b, oks. 7. Particular relative with giving assignment: All respondents were well aware of the objectives of giving home tasks. As to the attitude toward assignments and performing home tasks, 54.8 percents of those students to making ostentatious study because of an excessive quantity of assignments imposed. For performing assignment, they showed comparatively positive response. Also, 52.2 percents of those students responded that they usually submitted complected assignment with references. 8. As to motive to realize the necessity of study : 55.6 percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in communication with patients when they were engaged in clinical practice. Also, 8.6, the lowest percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in the course of conversation with nurses when they were engaged in clinical practice. 9. As to the determination of their confidence in the performance of study relative with clinical experience: They showed a general inclination of having in nursing. The major response was that they came to well comprehend the patients families. the lowest response was that they could apply what was learned at lecture-hall to practice. This response incidentally showed the distance the lecture-hall and practical study. In general items, students of the 4th grade showed more favorable response than students of the 3rd grade and there was a significant difference. 10. As to the perception and attitude toward profession according to the motive of selecting the nursing science : Those who selected the nursing voluntarily showed stronger conception than those who selected the nursing through indirect influence. However, there was no significant difference on this point. Only there was a remarkable difference in the reading of Code for Nurses. 11. Those who showed a stronger conception in the profession of nursing according to the motives of attractive nursing science indicated a strong will and ability to manage stable life and comparatively strong response was shown in the management of good home life because of the good adaptability of the science to their character. This group showed a strong conception of the profession than those who responded that they prefer this profession out of a longing for the work of a hospital and for the easy obtaining of opportunity to immigrate to over seas and for economic cause and for high school grade. There was significant difference between these two groups, 12. As to the conception and attitude toward the profession of nursing according to benefits by scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarship showed stronger conception of profession than those who did not receive scholarship and there was a remarkable difference between these two categories. However, there was no remarkable difference between these two categories in the extent of interest of the activities of nursing fields and in the reading of Code for Nurses. 13. As activation for study according to the benefits of scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarships showed stronger response to the motive for study comparing with those who receive. 14. As to tile field of reading according to the benefits by scholarships, those who received scholarships tended to read autobiographies and essayers to a considerable extent. Those who did not receive scholarships tended to read novels. Those who received scholarships more read nursing boots than those who did not receive scholarships. 15. As to the attitude of study and doing of assignment according to benefits of scholarships, those who received scholarships managed a favorable life with schedules for study, More students of receiving scholarship showed a regular study for more than one hour per day. Also, in the method of doing home tasks, more students of receiving scholarship showed reference to relative books frequently for the submission of completed assignments.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.163-193
• /
• 1997

복지사회를 지향하는 오늘날, 건강 중진에 직접 관계되는 의료시설의 접근성 문제는 주요 과제이다. 특히 삶의 질이라는 측면에서 질병의 치료 외에 건강진단, 예방과 회복, 요양 및 응급서비스의 비중이 커지고, 인구의 노령화 현상이 진전되면서 의료시설의 효율적인 입지가 주 관심사로 대두되고 있다. 의료시설은 주민의 생존과 직접 관계되는 기본적이고도 필수적인 중심시설로, 지역 주민은 균등한 혜택을 받을 수 있어야 한다. 이를 실현시키기 위해서는 기본적으로는 효율성과 평등성을 기반으로 1차 진료기관이 균등 분포해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 광주시를 사례지역으로 선정하여 의료시설의 입지와 그에 대한 주민의 효율적 이용에 관하여 분석하였다. 분석에 있어서는 통계자료와 기존의 연구 성과 외에 설문 및 현지조사 자료를 기반으로 시설 측면과 이용자 측면을 동시에 고찰하였다. 우선 의료 환경의 변화 및 의료시설의 변화 과정을 고찰하고, 이어서 의료시설의 유형별 입지 특성과 주민의 분포 특성을 고려한 지역별 의료수준을 분석하였다. 그리고 유형별 의료시설의 이용행태와 그 요인을 구명한 후, 마지막으로 장래 이용 유형의 예측과 문제지역의 추출, 나아가서는 시설의 합리적인 입지와 경영 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는, 앞으로 신설될 의료시설의 적정 입지에 관한 기본 자료로서는 물론 지역 주민의 불평등성 해소라는 응용적 측면에서 의의를 지닌다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.785-795
• /
• 1997

연구배경 : 종양 표지자는 각종 악성 종양의 진단, 진행정도, 절제 가능성, 예후추정, 치료후 추적 검사 등에도 사용될 수 있으나 민감도와 특이도가 만족스럽지 못한 경우가 많아서 임상에서 보조적인 수단으로 이용되고 있는 경우가 대부분이다. 최근 Cyfra21-1이 비소세포 폐암의 진단에 CEA, SCC보다 우수하다는 보고가 있었고 단일클론 항체를 이용한 TPA-M(Tissue polypeptide antigen)이 비소세포 폐암은 진단하는데 상당히 우수한 결과를 보인다고 보고하고 있다. 이에 폐암환자에서 혈청 CEA, SCC, Cyfra21-1, TPA-M의 임상적 유용성을 서로 비교해 보고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 4월 1일 부터 19961건 8월 31일까지 계명대학교 의과대학 병원에 내원한 환자중 조직 생검으로 확진된 비소세포 폐암 37예와 소세포 폐암 12예를 총 49예를 폐암 환자군으로 같은 기간의 입원 환자 중 양성 양성 폐질환으로 확진된 29예를 대조군으로 선정하였고 폐암 환자의 경우 수술, 항암요법 및 방사선치료를 전혀 시행하지 않은 상태에서 혈청을 채취하여 검사를 시행하였다. CEA는 일본 Eiken사의 Ab bead CEA, SCC는 미국 DAINABOT사의 SCC RIA BEAD kit, Cyfra21-1은 일본 TFB사의 CA 21-1 kit, TPA-M은 일본 DAIICHI사의 TPA-M kit를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 전체 폐암환자와 대조군을 비교해보면 CEA가 $10.05{\pm}38.39{\mu}/L$, $1.59{\pm}0.94{\mu}/L$, SCC가 $3.04{\pm}5.79{\mu}/L$, $1.58{\pm}2.85{\mu}/L$, Cyfra21-1이 $8.27{\pm}11.96{\mu}/L$, $1.77{\pm}2.72{\mu}/L$, TPA-M이 $132.02{\pm}209.35U/L$, $45.86{\pm}75.86U/L$으로 나타났으며 Cyfra21-1과 TPA-M은 폐암환자에서 대조군보다 종양 표지자의 측정치가 유의하게 높았다.(p<0.05) CEA, Cyfra21-1, TPA-M, SCC의 cutoff value를 회사에서 권장하는 $2.5{\mu}/L$, $3.0{\mu}/L$, 70.0U/L, $2.0{\mu}/L$로 하였을 때 전체폐암에 대한 민감도와 특이도는 CEA 33.3%와 78.6%, Cyfra21-1 50.0%와 89.7%, TPA-M 52.3%와 89.7%, SCC 23.8%와 89.3%이었으며 비소세포 폐암에 대하여서는 CEA 36.1%와 78.1%, Cyfra21-1 50.1%와 89.7%, TPA-M 53.1%와 89.7%, SCC 33.8%와 89.3% 소세포 폐암의 경우에도 CEA 25.0%와 78.5%, Cyfra21-1 50.0%와 89.6%, TPA-M 50.0%와 89.6%, SCC 0%와 89.2%로 폐암환자에서 Cyfra21-1과 TPA-M이 민감도와 특이도에 있어 더 우수한 결과를 보였고 비소세포 폐암환자에서 SCC도 높은 특이도를 나타내었다. ROC(Receiver operating characteristic) curve에 따라 민감도와 특이도를 얻어 가장 정확도가 높은 cutoff value를 CEA $1.25{\mu}/L$, Cyfra21-1 $1.5{\mu}/L$, TPA-M 35U/L, SCC $0.6{\mu}/L$로 하여 민감도와 특이도, 정확도 및 kappa index를 비교해 보아도 Cyfra21-1과 TPA-M이 더 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 병기에 따른 비소세포 폐암에서의 종양 표지자를 3A 병기까지와 3B 병기이상으로 나누어 비교해보면 3B 병기이상에서 SCC에서만 통계적 유의성을 보였다. (p<0.05) 그러나 종양크기에 따른 종양표지자의 측정치는 통제적 유의성이 없었다.(p>0.05) 결 론 : 혈청 TPA-M과 Cyfra21-1은 폐암환자에 있어 CEA나 SCC보다 민감도와 특이도가 높으며 SCC의 경우 비소세포 폐암에 있어 높은 특이도를 보였으며 SCC의 측정치가 병기와 유관하게 나타났으나 종양의 크기와 병기의 진행과의 관계에 있어서는 더 많은 환자들을 대상으로 한 연구가 행해져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.409-423
• /
• 1998

목적 : 비소세포성 폐암 환자에서 근치적 방사선 치료 단독 또는 항암화학요법과 병용으로 치료했을 때, 환자의 임상적 양상, 실패 양상, 생존율, 생존에 영향을 미치는 인자 및 방사선치료와 연관된 부작용에 대하여 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1982년 3월부터 1996년 4월까지 비소세포성 폐암으로 이화대학병원 치료방사선과에서 근치적 목적의 방사선치료를 시행받은 70명의 환자에 대한 치료 결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 환자의 병기는 1기 2례, 2기 6례, 3-A기 30례, 3-B기 29례, 4기가 3례였다. 방사선치료는 6MV X-선을 이용하여 일일선량 1.8y-2.0Gy씩 주 5회 조사하였고, 총방사선량은 50.4-72.0Gy(중앙값 59.4Gy)였다. 전체 환자 중 34례(47$\%$)에서 유도 또는 동시 화학요법이 시행되었고 대부분 etoposide와 cisplatin이 포함된 복합화학요법이었다. 관찰조사가 사망 또는 연구시점까지 가능했던 경우가 43례(61$\%$)였고 생존율은 Kapian-Meier 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자의 생존율은 1년 63$\%$, 2년 29$\%$, 3년 26$\%$였고, 중앙생존기간은 17개월이였으며, 무병생존율은 1년 23$\%$, 2년 16$\%$였다. 각 병기별 전체 1년 생존율은 1기 100$\%$, 2기 80$\%$, 3기 61$\%$, 4기 50$\%$였고, 3기 환자만의 생존율은 1년 61$\%$, 2년 23$\%$, 3년 20$\%$였고, 중앙생존기간은 15개월이었다. 방사선치료 후 완전관해가 11례(16$\%$), 부분관해가 35례(50$\%$)인 반면, 국소제어된 경우는 30례(43$\%$)로서, 이 중 24례(80$\%$)에서 치료실패에 대한 추적관찰이 가능하였으며, 추적된 24례에서 치료실패를 보인 14례(58$\%$)중 6례(43$\%$)는 국소재발, 6례(43$\%$)는 원격전이, 2례(14$\%$)는 국소재발과 원격전이가 동반된 경우로서 전체 환자 중 16례(23$\%$)에서 국소치유를 관찰할 수 있었다. 원격전이에 대한 추적관찰이 가능한 50례 중 23례(46$\%$)에서 원격전이를 보였다. 근치적 방사선 치료만 시행한 군의 1년 생존율은 59$\%$, 유도 또는 동시 화학요법이 복합된 군은 68$\%$로서 두 군간의 생존율 차이는 다변량분석에서 통계학적 의의가 있었고(p=0.0049), 3기 환자만의 경우 방사선치료 단독군의 1년 생존율은 51$\%$, 유도 또는 동시 화학요법 병행군은 68$\%$로서 통계학적으로 유의한 생존율 차이가 있었다(p=0.0015). 단변수 변량분석에서 전체환자는 병기(p=0.015) 및 국소제어유무(p=0.0001)가, 3기 환자군은 유도 또는 동시 화학요법 병행 유무(p=0.0488), 시기에 무관한 화학요법 시행 유무(P=0.001) 및 국소제어 유무(p=0.0001)가 통계적 유의성이 있었으며, 다변수 변량분석에서 전체 환자 또는 3기 환자만을 대상으로 할 때 병기(p=0.0001), 치료전 전신수행능력(p=0.001), 유도 또는 동시 화학요법 병행유무(p=0.0015), 총방사선량(p=0.0049), 국소제어 유무(P=0.0001)가 통계적 의의가 있었다. 방사선치료와 관련된 합병증은 식도염, 방사선폐렴, 혈액학적 부작용, 피부염이었으며, 2례의 치명적인 방사선폐렴이 관찰되었다. 결론 : 비소세포성 폐암 환자에서 고식적인 방사선 치료만으로는 만족할만한 생존율을 얻기 어려우므로 원격전이 제어에 필요한 적절한 복합화학요법의 추가가 필요하고, 국소제어율을 높이기 위해서는 수술을 병용하는 다원적 치료나 충분한 방사선량을 조사하기 위한 다분할조사방법의 활용 등 적극적인 치료가 필요하다.