• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.911-923
• /
• 2014

Ad hoc cognitive radio wireless sensor networks allow secondary wireless sensor nodes to recognize spectrum opportunities and transmit data. Most existing protocols proposed for ad hoc cognitive radio wireless sensor networks require a dedicated common control channel. Allocating one channel just for control packet exchange is a waste of resources for channel-constrained networks. There are very few protocols that do not rely on a common control channel and that exchange channel-negotiation control packets during a pre-allocated time on the data channels. This, however, can require a substantial amount of time to access the channel when an incumbent is present on the channel, where the nodes are intended to negotiate for the data channel. This study examined channel access delay on cognitive radio wireless sensor networks that have no dedicated common control channel.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.1642-1661
• /
• 2015

Wireless mesh networks are a special type of broadcast networks which cover the qualifications of both ad-hoc as well as infrastructure mode networks. These networks offer connectivity to the last mile through hop to hop communication and by comparatively reducing the cost of infrastructure in terms of wire and hardware. Channel assignment has always been the focused area for such networks specifically when using non-overlapping channels and sharing radio frequency spectrum while using multiple radios. It has always been a challenge for mesh network on impartial utilization of the resources (channels), with the increase in users. The rational utilization of multiple channels and multiple radios, not only increases the overall throughput, capacity and scalability, but also creates significant complexities for channel assignment methods. For a better understanding of research challenges, this paper discusses heuristic methods, measurements and channel utilization applications and also examines various researches that yield to overcome this problem. Finally, we highlight prospective directions of research.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.651-669
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we study a novel routing algorithm based on load balancing for multi-channel wireless mesh networks. In order to increase the network capacity and reduce the interference of transmission streams and the communication delay, on the basis of weighted cumulative expected transmission time (WCETT) routing metric this paper proposes an improved routing metric based on load balancing and channel interference (LBI_WCETT), which considers the channel interference, channel diversity, link load and the latency brought by channel switching. Meanwhile, in order to utilize the multi-channel strategy efficiently in wireless mesh networks, a new channel allocation algorithm is proposed. This channel allocation algorithm utilizes the conflict graph model and considers the initial link load estimation and the potential interference of the link to assign a channel for each link in the wireless mesh network. It also utilizes the channel utilization percentage of the virtual link in its interference range as the channel selection standard. Simulation results show that the LBI_WCETT routing metric can help increase the network capacity effectively, reduce the average end to end delay, and improve the network performance.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제35권12A호
• /
• pp.1152-1159
• /
• 2010

무선 메쉬 네트워크는 무선 링크를 통해 백본 네트워크를 형성하여 사용자에게 인터넷 접근을 제공한다. WMN의 주요 이슈는 네트워크 용량이다. 이를 위해 IEEE 802.11 의 멀티 채널과 멀티 레이트를 활용할 수 있다. 채널은 채널 할당에 따라 노드 연결성 (node connectivity)과 채널 다양성 (channel diversity)을 결정한다. 또한, IEEE 802.11 멀티 레이트 네트워크에서는 RA (Rate Anomaly) 문제가 발생하는데, 이는 낮은 레이트 링크들이 높은 레이트 링크의 성능을 심각히 저하시키는 현상이다. 본 논문에서는 노드 연결성과 채널 다양성을 향상시키고 RA문제를 완화하는 레이트 분할 멀티 채널 (Rate Separating Multi-Channel, RSMC) 프로토콜을 제안한다. RSMC는 트리 기반 WMN를 형성하여 채널 다양성을 증가시키고, 다른 레이트를 사용하는 트리 위의 링크들을 채널로 분리시켜 RA를 줄인다. 또한, 노드 연결성을 증가하기 NC (Network Connectivity) 알고리즘을 사용한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 RSMC이 기존 멀티 채널 프로토콜보다 총 처리율, 노드 연결성, 채널 다양성 측면에서 향상된 성능을 보임을 입증하였다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2024

Cognitive small cell networks, consisting of macro-cells and small cells, are foreseen as a promising candidate solution to address 5G spectrum scarcity. Recently, many technological issues (such as spectrum sensing, spectrum sharing) related to cognitive small cell networks have been studied, but the common control channel (CCC) establishment problem has been ignored. CCC is an indispensable medium for control message exchange that could have a huge significant on transmitter-receiver handshake, channel access negotiation, topology change, and routing information updates, etc. Therefore, establishing CCC in cognitive small cell networks is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a potential game theory-based approach for CCC establishment in cognitive radio networks. We design a utility function and demonstrate that it is an exact potential game with a pure Nash equilibrium. To maintain the common control channel list (CCL), we develop a CCC update algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach has good convergence. On the other hand, it exhibits good delay and overhead of all networks.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.252-256
• /
• 2011

We analyze the channel capacity with considering the effect of the loading conditions of indoor PLC networks on channel state information. We consider various numbers of load for two kinds of the networks with regular length branches and a deployed network of indoor PLC. For calculating the channel capacity degradation, two noise scenarios and impedances are considered. From the simulation results, we suggest the robust regression lines for modeling the channel capacity degradation. In the cases of 0 $\Omega$ and $Z_0$ loads, natural log and linear function curve show the best goodness of fit, respectively. For the deployed indoor PLC network with 0 $\Omega$ loads, compared with the networks with regular length branches, the goodness of fit decreases by the amount of 0.12 and 0.15 for low noise and high noise scenarios, respectively. Using the regression lines, we can estimate the channel capacity degradation without measurement.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.374-385
• /
• 2010

최근 유선 네트워크의 설치가 어려운 먼 거리의 인터넷 접속을 낮은 비용으로 가능하게 해주는 기술인 무선 메쉬 네트워크에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 무선 메쉬 네트워크의 각 노드는 데이터를 송수신하는 호스트의 역할 뿐만 아니라 데이터를 전달하는 라우터의 역할도 수행한다. 이 때 메쉬 라우터는 기존 유선 망 또는 다른 무선 통신망으로의 연결을 제공하는 게이트웨이의 역할을 함으로써 무선 네트워크에서의 백본으로 동작할 수도 있다. 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 멀티 채널 멀티 인터페이스를 사용하는 것은, 서로 간섭하지 않는 채널을 사용하여 동시에 통신이 가능함으로써 천체 네트워크의 데이터 처리량을 높이게 된다. 이러한 멀티 채널 멀티 인터페이스 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 각 인터페이스에 채널들을 할당하고 라우팅을 결정하는 것은 중요한 연구 과제이다. 따라서 멀티 채널 멀티 인터페이스를 지원하는 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서의 채널 할당 및 라우팅의 목적은 네트워크의 연결성을 유지하면서 간섭을 최소화하며 네트워크의 데이터 처리량을 향상시키는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 멀티 채널 멀티 인터페이스 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 네트워크의 전체 데이터 처리량을 높이며, 평균 종단간 지연시간을 줄이는 중앙 집중적이며 휴리스틱한 방법의 채널 할당 및 라우팅 알고리즘들을 제안한다. 이를 위해 링크의 잔여 채널 용량을 고려한 라우팅 방법과 링크의 통신 참여 수를 고려한 채널 할당 및 라우팅 방법, 그리고 우회 경로를 허용하는 라우팅 방법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 제안한 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 NS-2 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 기존 관련 연구와 비교 분석하였다. 제안한 방법은 기종 관련 연구에서의 방법보다 우선 메쉬 네트워크에서의 평균 데이터 처리량을 증가시키며 평균 종단간 지연시간을 감소시키는 결과를 보임으로써 전체 네트워크의 성능이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제10권12호
• /
• pp.1632-1644
• /
• 2007

Wireless Mesh Networks aim to attain large connectivity with minimum performance degradation, as network size is increase. As such, scalability is one of the main characteristics of Wireless Mesh Networks that differentiates it from other wireless networks. This characteristic creates the need for bandwidth efficiency strategies to ensure that network performance does not degrade as the size of the network increase. Several researches have been done to realize mesh networks. However, the researches conducted were mostly focused on a per TCP/IP layer basis. Also, the studies on bandwidth efficiency and bandwidth improvement are usually dealt with as separate issues. This paper aims to simultaneously study bandwidth efficiency and improvement. Aside from optimizing the bandwidth given a fixed capacity, the capacity is also increased using results of physical layer studies. In this paper, the capacity is improved by using the concept of non-overlapping channels for wireless communication. A channel allocation scheme is conceptualized to choose the transmission channel that would optimize the network performance parameters with consideration of chosen Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. Network utility maximization is used to optimize the bandwidth after channel selection. Furthermore, a routing scheme is proposed using the results of the network utilization method and the channel allocation scheme to find the optimal path that would maximize the network gain.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.468-473
• /
• 1999

Neural networks for adaptive channel equalizers have been resorted to recently in digital communication systems. In this paper, the characteristics and the application areas and etc. for neural networks as adaptive channel equalizers are examined through simple examples.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.566-578
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we design a segment training based individual channel estimation (STICE) scheme for the classical two-way relay network (TWRN) with multi-pair sources (MPS) and amplify-and-forward (AF). We adopt the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimator to minimize the mean square error (MSE) without channel estimation error, where the optimal power allocation strategy from the relay for different sources is obtained. Then the MSE gains are given with different source pairs among the proposed power allocation scheme and the existing power allocation schemes. Numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing ones.