• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.458-468
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• 2019

This study proposes an efficient weight training strategy to reduce body fat, by identifying the effects of weight training on body fat reductions based on individual characteristics and changes in skinfold thickness. We analyzed the effects of 12-weeks weight training on changes in skinfold thickness and the resulting body fat reductions by considering individual traits of the subject. Our results indicate that individual characteristics have no statistically significant effects on changes in skinfold thickness, but were statistically significant for changes in the amount of body fat. Second, changes in skinfold thickness showed statistically significant effects on changes in body fat. Third, weight training induced changes in skinfold thickness were more significant in men than in women. Men also exhibited greater changes in body fat than women after weight training. Taken together, these findings confirm that changes in skinfold thickness and body fat observed through the 12-week weight training had variations depending on individual characteristics, and changes in skinfold thickness significantly affect the changes in body fat. The weight training program proposed by this study considers incorporation of individual characteristics, rather than accomplishing the same outcome with uniform methods and amounts of training. Furthermore, this program induces changes in skinfold thickness before implementing random efforts for reducing body fat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.853-863
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• 1999

the change of physical properties (thickness, weight, air permeability) and mechanical properties(abrasion resistance breaking load and displacement) of samples were determined after heat exposure by a RPP tester. The effect of exposure time and heat flux intensity on the changes and the relationship between physical properties and mechanical properties were investigated. FR treated cotton Kevlar/PBI and Nomex with different structureal characteristics were chosen for specimens. The changes of physical properties and mechanical properties were calculated based on their initial values before heat exposure. The longer exposure time and the high heat flux intensity the more changes of those properties. Heat flux intensity was more effective on the changes, The showed to be affected by an interplay of shrinkage and pyrolysis products loss. The changes of thickness and abrasion resistance showed to be higher for plain weave fabric and those of air permeabiliyt and breaking load and displacement for twill weave fabric. While FR treated cotton which have high RPP value experienced serious and detrimental changes after heat exposure Kevlar/PBI which has low RPP value showed no high changes. In conclusion it could be confirmed that when total performance of a protective clothing is estimated retention capability of physical and mechanical properties after heat exposure as well as RPP value must be considered.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.311-320
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth changes of maxilla and mandible and position changes of first permanent molars of growing children The author analyzed the data using cephalometric roentgenogram of 43 boys and 39 girls age of 6 to 11 with normal occlusion The obtained results were as follows 1 The eruption path of maxillary and mandibular first permanent molar superimposed on TM-ANS and mandibular plane shows individual variation 2 There was no correlation between horizontal and vertical changes of maxillary first permanent molar, but positive correlation in mandibular first permanent molar 3 As the eruption, the forward changes of mandibular first permanent molar was significantly greater than that of maxillary first permanent molar 4 As the ages were increased, there were irregular growth changes of maxilla and mandible 5 Growth changes of lower anterior facial height was relatively stable 6 N-S-${\bar{6}}$ was stable after age 7.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on state anxiety and pain among patients undergoing burn dressing changes. Method: A convenience sample of 32 adult burn patients who were eligible and provided consent were included in the study which was a quasi-experimental study of a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifteen patients in the control group received the routine burn dressing changes but 17 patients in the experimental group listened to self-selected music through headphones connected to a CD player during burn dressing changes for three days. All subjects of the music group chose the type of music that would relax them. Before and after burn dressing changes, subjects completed the State Anxiety Inventory and self-report of pain scores. Result: There was a significant reduction in state anxiety before and after burn dressing changes in those who received music therapy in contrast to those who did not receive music therapy. The music group reported lower pain scores before and after burn dressing changes than did the non-music group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that music therapy composed of self-selected music is a valuable intervention for the treatment of pain and anxiety in patients undergoing burn dressing changes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.246-249
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• 2003

we classified major changes into changes based on design deficiency, changes based on the different conditions between job site and contract documents, and changes based on the Owner's need. Then we compare and analyzed applicable regulations for supervision and work performance status at the site, and elicit problems of supervision performance based on mutual contradiction in regulations, bringing up a similar example. Based on the above, we brought up a way of improvement for the elicited problem, comparing and analyzing the laws/contract provisions/instructions related with the changes and the work performance at the jobsite, and verified through interviews with professionals of various fields for the improvement. Finally this study could elicit a way of improvement in the supervision work in conjunction with changes in civil works.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.207-224
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to explore the principles of SUPAC-SS and its regulatory application in handling postapproval changes to nonsterile semisolid dosage forms. The types of postapproval changes that SUPAC-SS described were modifications in formulation (components and composition), batch size, manufacturing equipment & process, and the site of manufacturing. SUPAC-SS defined the levels of postapproval changes and what chemistry, manufacturing, and control tests should be conducted for each change level. The guidance also specified several occasions the manufacturers should perform in vitro release test (Franz cell diffusion test) and/or in vivo bioequivalence test. Finally, SUPAC-SS classified appropriate filing forms to be used in supporting postapproval changes. It was crystal clear that SUPAC-SS helped maintain the safety and quality of approved semisolid dosage forms when they were subject to certain postapproval changes. The availability of SUPAC-SS made contributions to reducing regulatory burdens of the industry, as well as expediting the postapproval process of regulatory agencies. This study also shed light on the background of relevant pharmaceutical sciences that the SUPAC-SS guidance adopted. Finally, the KFDA and the industry were strongly urged to implant a similar guidance in handling postapproval changes to semisolid dosage forms available in the Korean marketplace.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.421-435
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• 2006

The objective of this report is to introduce the European Union's variation rules governing medicinal products that are subject to post-approval changes. The EMEA outlines a variety of changes occurring to approved medicinal products. It also recommends a marketing authorisation holder to follow specific post-approval applications in various situations. For instance, the Commission Regulation(EC) No. 1085/2003 explains variation types and suggests post-authorisation procedures with which an applicant should comply. In all cases of minor and major variations the applicant has to investigate and validate whether or not the intended changes would have impact on the safety, efficacy and quality of a drug product. The applicant should then submit to the EMEA a variation application with adequate documentation in support of the notified changes. This procedure is implemented to ensure that changes to the approved medicinal product do not cause my public health concerns. In fact, the post-authorisation guidance categorizes post-approval changes into type IA/IB variations, type II variations, and extension applications. Such classifications determine administrative procedures to be followed in an efficient manner. Based on the type of a variation, the regulatory agency opts to reduce or extend the evaluation time-frame. The thrust of the EU's post-authorisation guidance is introduced in text with appropriate explanation. All these information will be likely to be helpful in updating a Korean regulatory guidance that could better deal with post-approval changes to generic drugs available in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

The relationship between climate changes and transportation could be separated by two approaches. One of methods was to find how climate changes affected transportation, and the other way was how transportation affected climate changes. In this study, we reported from the former standpoint, how climate changes affected transportation fields. When there is a lot of snowfall in Seoul, it starts ripple effect through the travel patterns. They can be explained by travel time and operating cost. The travel costs were calculated in this paper for analysing the effect of disbenefit by climate changes. Snow Melting System was also studied for relieving negative influences under the unpredictable weather condition. As a result, the system was effective for minimizing disbenefit by climate changes.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2017

In recent software development, repetitive code fragments (i.e., clones) are common due to the copy-and-paste programming practice, the framework-based development, or the reuse of same design patterns. Such similar code fragments are likely to introduce more bugs but are easily disregarded by a code reviewer or a programmer. In this paper, we present a code review tool to help code reviewers identify important code changes written by other programmers and recommend which changes need to be reviewed first. Specifically, to identify important code changes, our approach detects code clones across revisions and investigates them. Then, to help a code reviewer, our approach ranks the identified changes in accordance with several software quality metrics and statistics on those clones and changes. Furthermore, our approach allows the code reviewer to express their preferences during code review time. As a result, the code reviewer who has little knowledge of a code base can reduce his or her effort by reviewing the most significant changes that require an instant attention. To evaluate our approach, we integrated our approach with a modern IDE (e.g., Eclipse) as a plugin and then analyzed two third-party open source projects. The experimental results indicate that our approach can improve code reviewer's productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.169-171
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• 2004

Interannual and decadal scale body size of Pacific saury, catch and catch per unit effort were examined to investigate the environmental effects on the stock structure and abundance in the Tsushima Warm Current region. Interannual changes in thermal conditions are responsible for the different occurrence (catch) rates of sized group of the fish. Changes in body size due to environmental variables lead the stock to be homogeneous during the period of high abundance, while one of the reminder cohorts supports the stock during the period of low level of abundance. Migration circuits of two cohorts of saury stock are hypothesized on the basis of short life span and spatio-temporal changes in stock structure in normal environmental conditions. Changes in upper ocean structure and production cycles by the decadal scale climate changes lead changes in stock structure and recruitment, resulting in the fluctuation of saury abundance. Hypothesized mechanism of the effects of climate changes on the stock structure and abundance is illustrated on the basis of changes in thermal regime and production cycle.