• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.121-133
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• 2008

In manufacturing companies, engineering information is a central data which defines a product to be produced. This is changed by various factors such as changes of product configuration, changes of drawings information of a technology's licensor, etc, and these changes essentially accompany the changes of a product BOM (Bill of Materials) structure. Thus, engineering changes gives a heavy burden to information management within enterprise because the changes of product BOM have an influence on each departmental BOM such as a procurement BOM, a manufacturing BOM, a quotation BOM, etc. Especially, these changes of product BOM due to the engineering changes is inevitably and frequently happened by a customer's requirements in a customer-oriented make-to-order manufacturing environments. In these manufacturing environments, information gap among each department from the first contact point of customer to engineering, materials, production, quality, and management is very close, and thus it is very important that the change information of product BOM due to changes of product specification and engineering information are efficiently communicated among each department. This paper describes a procedure of determining product specification and of generating product BOM, and proposes an efficient management scheme for the change process of product BOM information due to changes of product specification and engineering. Also, to show the effectiveness of the proposed product BOM management scheme, a product BOM management system is implemented for the ship engine division of 'H' company, one of customer-oriented make-to-order manufacturing enterprises.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2015

The global patterns of annual and extreme precipitation are projected to be altered by climate change. There are various weather systems which bring precipitation (e.g. tropical cyclone, extratropical cyclone, etc.). It is possible in some regions that multiple weather systems affect the changes of precipitation. However, previous studies have assessed only the changes of precipitation associated with individual weather systems. The relative contributions of the weather systems to the changes of precipitation have not been quantified yet. Also, the changes of the relative importance of weather systems have not been assessed. This study present the quantitative estimates of 1) the relative contributions of weather systems (tropical cyclone (TC), extratropical cyclone (ExC), and "others") to the future changes of annual and extreme precipitation and 2) the changes of the proportions of precipitation associated with each weather system in annual and extreme precipitation based on CMIP5 generation GCM outputs. Weather systems are objectively detected from twelve GCM outputs and six models are selected for further analysis considering the reproducibility of weather systems. In general, the weather system which is dominant in terms of producing precipitation in the present climate contributes the most to the changes of annual and extreme precipitation in each region. However, there are exceptions for the tendency. In East Asia, "others", which ranks the second in the proportion of annual precipitation in present climate, has the largest contribution to the increase of annual precipitation. It was found that the increase of the "others" annual precipitation in East Asia is mainly explained by the changes of that in summer season (JJA), most of which can be regarded as the summer monsoon precipitation. In Southeast Asia, "others" precipitation, the second dominant system in the present climate, has the largest contribution to the changes of very heavy precipitation (>99.9 percentile daily precipitation of historical period). Notable changes of the proportions of precipitation associated with each weather system are found mainly in subtropics, which can be regarded as the "hotspot" of the precipitation regime shift.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2007

The authors used association rules and patterns in sequential of data mining in order to raise the efficiency of engineering changes. The association rule can reduce the number of engineering changes since it can estimate the parts to be changed. The patterns in sequential can perform engineering changes effectively by estimating the parts to be changed from sequence estimation. According to this result, unnecessary engineering changes are eliminated and the number of engineering changes decrease. This method can be used for improving design quality and productivity in company managing engineering changes and related information.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.239-247
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• 1999

We estimated the changes of ECG and electrolytes in serum after intravenous administration of Succinylcholine Chloride (SCC), 0.15 mg/kg in ten normal mongrel dogs (mean 13 kg). Hyperkalemia was observed in the highest level by 6.46$\pm$0.8 mEq/L at ten minutes after the administration of SCC. The ECG appeared temporary the most severe changes as the increased T wave, the disappeared P wave, the prolonged of conduction times (PR, QTc intervals and QRS complex), and arrhythmia as ventricular premature contraction at 3 and 5 minutes after the administration SCC. Therefore, the changes of ECG after administration of SCC were suggested to specific and independent from hyperkalemic changes. Because these changes were observed to differ from ECG by hyperkalemia, and the highest period of $K^＋$value in serum differ from the appearance period of severe changes of ECG and arrhythmia by SCC.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1969

Trauma from occlusion causes apparent changes in the blood vessels of the periodontal ligament. The initial response is primarily mechanical, due to compression, and secondarily characterized by necrotic changes. Recently, many investigators are concerned with vascular changes in relation to the loss of the alveolar bone. Author observed vascular changes of the periodontium in the experimental trauma from occlusion on rats. The results were observed as follows.: 1) There were no remarkable changes in the gingiva. 2) The blood vessels that normally occupied a position closer to the bone surface showed a displace-ment toward the cemental surface due to trauma from occlusion. 3) There were no appreciable changes of the alveolar bone in the initial period of trauma from occlusion, whereas there was excessive resorption of the alveolar bone in the long range.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

The surface changes due to urban expansion and the increase of artificial heat releases have brought significant climate changes such as heat island phenomenon in urban area. Furthermore, these changes also have brought serious problems such as air temperature increase, wind changes, and air pollution in urban area. Comprehensive analytical technologies considering various effects are required to analyse complicated mechanism of climate changes, and review the efficient measures. In this research, the effect of the urban expansion in Tokyo and Bangkok area on urban environment will be discussed. By using CFD, urban development and the mechanism of global warming and wind change are studied in those two cities. As a result of numerical research, the surface changes of city could bring the environmental changes in urban area.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2016

The purpose of this article was to review the changes in translucency of direct esthetic restorative materials after curing, aging and treatment. As a criterion for the evaluation of clinical translucency changes, visual perceptibility threshold in translucency parameter difference (${\Delta}TP$) of 2 was used. Translucency changes after curing were perceivable depending on experimental methods and products (largest ${\Delta}TP$ in resin composites = 15.9). Translucency changes after aging were reported as either relatively stable or showed perceivable changes by aging protocols (largest ${\Delta}TP$ in resin composites = -3.8). Translucency changes after curing, aging and treatment were perceivable in several products and experimental methods. Therefore, shade matching of direct esthetic materials should be performed considering these instabilities of translucency in direct esthetic materials.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2003

In this study was proposed that a new estimating method for investigation of contractile state changes which generated from continuous isometric contraction of skeletal muscle. The physiological changes(EMG, ECG) and the psychological changes by CNS(central nervous system) were measured by experiments, while the muscle of subjects contracted continuously with isometric contraction in constant load. The psychological changes were represented as three-step-change named 'fatigue', 'pain' and 'sick(greatly pain)' from oral test, and the method which compared physiological change with psychological change on basis of these three steps was developed. The result of analyzing the physiological signals, EMG and ECG signal changes were observed at the vicinity of judging point in time of psychological changes. Namely, it is supposed that contractile states have three kind of states pattern (stable, fatigue, pain) instead of two states (stable, fatigue).

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.351-362
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• 2023

In modern society, rapid environmental changes are occurring due to the complex interaction of various factors. Starting in 2020, the social environment is changing rapidly due to the impact of the pandemic, and the social and economic living environment is changing significantly not only in Korea but also internationally. In this trend, behavioral and spatial changes are occurring in response to changes in the architectural living environment. To analyze changes in behavior and space from an architectural perspective in response to changes in the social environment, first organize the concept and aspects of the pandemic that caused the change, examine the theory of the pandemic, and examine architectural responses to changes in the social environment. There is a need to analyze. Therefore, in order to architecturally review changes in the social environment due to the pandemic, the purpose of this study is to analyze the living behavior and space of major highrise residential complexes in the living environment and present new spatial alternatives in response.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.645-646
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• 2012