• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.458-468
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• 2019

본 연구는 12주간 웨이트트레이닝에 의한 체지방 감소가 개인적인 특성과 피부두겹의 변화 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 분석하여 보다 효과적인 웨이트트레이닝 전략을 제안한 연구이다. 분석결과 첫째 개인특성이 피부두겹의 변화에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 체지방 변화에는 높은 수준의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 피부두겹의 변화는 체지방 변화에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 웨이트트레이닝에 의한 피부두겹의 변화는 남성이 여성에 비해 상대적으로 높은 변화수준을 보였다. 체지방 변화에 있어서도 남성이 여성에 비해 높은 변화를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과를 종합하면 12주간의 웨이트트레이닝을 통해 나타난 피부두겹과 체지방의 변화는 개인특성에 의해 수준의 차이가 존재하고 있으며, 피부두겹의 변화는 체지방 변화에 높은 수준의 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이는 본 연구의 웨이트트레이닝 프로그램은 획일적인 방법과 양으로 같은 성과를 나타내려는 노력보다는 개인특성에 맞는 웨이트트레이닝의 시간, 양, 수준을 고려한 규칙적인 웨이트트레이닝 프로그램을 실시한다면 현대인의 비만 문제를 해결하고, 건강관련 체력을 향상시키는데 보다 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.853-863
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• 1999

the change of physical properties (thickness, weight, air permeability) and mechanical properties(abrasion resistance breaking load and displacement) of samples were determined after heat exposure by a RPP tester. The effect of exposure time and heat flux intensity on the changes and the relationship between physical properties and mechanical properties were investigated. FR treated cotton Kevlar/PBI and Nomex with different structureal characteristics were chosen for specimens. The changes of physical properties and mechanical properties were calculated based on their initial values before heat exposure. The longer exposure time and the high heat flux intensity the more changes of those properties. Heat flux intensity was more effective on the changes, The showed to be affected by an interplay of shrinkage and pyrolysis products loss. The changes of thickness and abrasion resistance showed to be higher for plain weave fabric and those of air permeabiliyt and breaking load and displacement for twill weave fabric. While FR treated cotton which have high RPP value experienced serious and detrimental changes after heat exposure Kevlar/PBI which has low RPP value showed no high changes. In conclusion it could be confirmed that when total performance of a protective clothing is estimated retention capability of physical and mechanical properties after heat exposure as well as RPP value must be considered.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.311-320
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth changes of maxilla and mandible and position changes of first permanent molars of growing children The author analyzed the data using cephalometric roentgenogram of 43 boys and 39 girls age of 6 to 11 with normal occlusion The obtained results were as follows 1 The eruption path of maxillary and mandibular first permanent molar superimposed on TM-ANS and mandibular plane shows individual variation 2 There was no correlation between horizontal and vertical changes of maxillary first permanent molar, but positive correlation in mandibular first permanent molar 3 As the eruption, the forward changes of mandibular first permanent molar was significantly greater than that of maxillary first permanent molar 4 As the ages were increased, there were irregular growth changes of maxilla and mandible 5 Growth changes of lower anterior facial height was relatively stable 6 N-S-${\bar{6}}$ was stable after age 7.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on state anxiety and pain among patients undergoing burn dressing changes. Method: A convenience sample of 32 adult burn patients who were eligible and provided consent were included in the study which was a quasi-experimental study of a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifteen patients in the control group received the routine burn dressing changes but 17 patients in the experimental group listened to self-selected music through headphones connected to a CD player during burn dressing changes for three days. All subjects of the music group chose the type of music that would relax them. Before and after burn dressing changes, subjects completed the State Anxiety Inventory and self-report of pain scores. Result: There was a significant reduction in state anxiety before and after burn dressing changes in those who received music therapy in contrast to those who did not receive music therapy. The music group reported lower pain scores before and after burn dressing changes than did the non-music group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that music therapy composed of self-selected music is a valuable intervention for the treatment of pain and anxiety in patients undergoing burn dressing changes.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2003년도 학술대회지
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• pp.246-249
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 건설공사에서 수행되고 있는 주요 선계변경과 관련하여 설계서와 결함으로 인한 설계변경, 현장상태와 설계서의 상이로 인한 설계변경, 발주자의 필요에 의한 설계변경 등으로 구분하여 설계변경시의 감리업무에 대한 제반규정과 현장에서의 업무수행 현황 등을 비교${\cdot}$분석하는 방법으로 관련규정의 상호모순으로 인한 감리업무 수행의 문제점을 도출하였다. 이를 토대로 설계변경과 관련된 법령/계약조건/지침상의 규정된 내용과 현장에서의 업무수행을 비교${\cdot}$분석하여 공공공시의 설계변경과 관련한 감리업무의 개선방안을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.207-224
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to explore the principles of SUPAC-SS and its regulatory application in handling postapproval changes to nonsterile semisolid dosage forms. The types of postapproval changes that SUPAC-SS described were modifications in formulation (components and composition), batch size, manufacturing equipment & process, and the site of manufacturing. SUPAC-SS defined the levels of postapproval changes and what chemistry, manufacturing, and control tests should be conducted for each change level. The guidance also specified several occasions the manufacturers should perform in vitro release test (Franz cell diffusion test) and/or in vivo bioequivalence test. Finally, SUPAC-SS classified appropriate filing forms to be used in supporting postapproval changes. It was crystal clear that SUPAC-SS helped maintain the safety and quality of approved semisolid dosage forms when they were subject to certain postapproval changes. The availability of SUPAC-SS made contributions to reducing regulatory burdens of the industry, as well as expediting the postapproval process of regulatory agencies. This study also shed light on the background of relevant pharmaceutical sciences that the SUPAC-SS guidance adopted. Finally, the KFDA and the industry were strongly urged to implant a similar guidance in handling postapproval changes to semisolid dosage forms available in the Korean marketplace.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.421-435
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• 2006

The objective of this report is to introduce the European Union's variation rules governing medicinal products that are subject to post-approval changes. The EMEA outlines a variety of changes occurring to approved medicinal products. It also recommends a marketing authorisation holder to follow specific post-approval applications in various situations. For instance, the Commission Regulation(EC) No. 1085/2003 explains variation types and suggests post-authorisation procedures with which an applicant should comply. In all cases of minor and major variations the applicant has to investigate and validate whether or not the intended changes would have impact on the safety, efficacy and quality of a drug product. The applicant should then submit to the EMEA a variation application with adequate documentation in support of the notified changes. This procedure is implemented to ensure that changes to the approved medicinal product do not cause my public health concerns. In fact, the post-authorisation guidance categorizes post-approval changes into type IA/IB variations, type II variations, and extension applications. Such classifications determine administrative procedures to be followed in an efficient manner. Based on the type of a variation, the regulatory agency opts to reduce or extend the evaluation time-frame. The thrust of the EU's post-authorisation guidance is introduced in text with appropriate explanation. All these information will be likely to be helpful in updating a Korean regulatory guidance that could better deal with post-approval changes to generic drugs available in the market.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

기후변화와 교통의 관계는 크게 기후변화가 교통에 미치는 영향과 교통이 기후변화에 미치는 영향으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전자의 관점에서 폭설이 도시교통에 미치는 영향을 파악하였으며, 통행자의 불편익에 대한 방안을 제시함으로 폭설에 대해 효과적으로 대처하고자 하였다. 예기치 못한 기후변화의 파급효과는 통행시간과 운행비용, 사고비용 등으로 분석되었으며, 이를 기반으로 해당구간의 융설시스템(Snow Melting System) 도입에 따른 사업의 효과성을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 기후변화로 인한 교통불편익을 최소화하는 방재시설물 설치를 위한 평가기준으로 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2017

In recent software development, repetitive code fragments (i.e., clones) are common due to the copy-and-paste programming practice, the framework-based development, or the reuse of same design patterns. Such similar code fragments are likely to introduce more bugs but are easily disregarded by a code reviewer or a programmer. In this paper, we present a code review tool to help code reviewers identify important code changes written by other programmers and recommend which changes need to be reviewed first. Specifically, to identify important code changes, our approach detects code clones across revisions and investigates them. Then, to help a code reviewer, our approach ranks the identified changes in accordance with several software quality metrics and statistics on those clones and changes. Furthermore, our approach allows the code reviewer to express their preferences during code review time. As a result, the code reviewer who has little knowledge of a code base can reduce his or her effort by reviewing the most significant changes that require an instant attention. To evaluate our approach, we integrated our approach with a modern IDE (e.g., Eclipse) as a plugin and then analyzed two third-party open source projects. The experimental results indicate that our approach can improve code reviewer's productivity.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2004년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.169-171
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• 2004

Interannual and decadal scale body size of Pacific saury, catch and catch per unit effort were examined to investigate the environmental effects on the stock structure and abundance in the Tsushima Warm Current region. Interannual changes in thermal conditions are responsible for the different occurrence (catch) rates of sized group of the fish. Changes in body size due to environmental variables lead the stock to be homogeneous during the period of high abundance, while one of the reminder cohorts supports the stock during the period of low level of abundance. Migration circuits of two cohorts of saury stock are hypothesized on the basis of short life span and spatio-temporal changes in stock structure in normal environmental conditions. Changes in upper ocean structure and production cycles by the decadal scale climate changes lead changes in stock structure and recruitment, resulting in the fluctuation of saury abundance. Hypothesized mechanism of the effects of climate changes on the stock structure and abundance is illustrated on the basis of changes in thermal regime and production cycle.