• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2016

Background: As the decomposition of lignocellulosic compounds is a rate-limiting stage in the nutrient mineralization from organic matters, elucidation of the changes in soil enzyme activity can provide insight into the nutrient dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The current study aimed to assess the effect of thinning intensities on soil conditions. Un-thinned control, 20 % thinning, and 30 % thinning treatments were applied to a Larix kaempferi forest, and total carbon and nitrogen, total carbon to total nitrogen ratio, extractable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium), and enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase) were investigated. Results: Total carbon and nitrogen concentrations were significantly increased in the 30 % thinning treatment, whereas both the 20 and 30 % thinning treatments did not change total carbon to total nitrogen ratio. Inorganic nitrogen and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly increased in the 20 % thinning treatment; however, no significant changes were found for extractable phosphorus and potassium concentrations either in the 20 or the 30 % thinning treatment. However, the applied thinning intensities had no significant influences on acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, and ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. Conclusions: These results indicated that thinning can elevate soil organic matter quantity and nutrient availability, and different thinning intensities may affect extractable soil nutrients inconsistently. The results also demonstrated that such inconsistent patterns in extractable nutrient concentrations after thinning might not be fully explained by the shifts in the enzyme-mediated nutrient mineralization.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2015

ASM 모델에서는 유기물을 특성에 따라 분류하는데, 일반적인 COD와 BOD로의 분류로는 ASM에서 요구하는 조건을 충족시키지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 하수종말처리장 수처리 및 슬러지 처리 계통 하수를 대상으로 미생물 호흡률을 기반으로 하여 ASM에서 요구하는 유기물 분류에 대한 실시하였다. 분석 결과 유기물 성상 분석 결과 각 하수마다 유기물 구성에서 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 각 공정의 하수를 처리할 때 반드시 파악해야 하는 중요한 하수특성이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 규명한 각 하수별 유기물 성상은 하수종말처리장의 원활한 운영을 위해 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 질산화 반응조 내 반응시간에 따른 유기물 및 암모니아성 질소 변화 분석을 통해 SS이 질산화에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 질산화 반응이 유도 가능한 체류시간 선정에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.623-633
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• 2007

제주분지 시추공 시료에 포함된 유기물의 특성을 파악하기 위해서 시추 시료를 채취하여 안정동위원소 및 생물표기화합물 분석을 실시하였다. Geobuk-1, Okdom-1, JDZ VII-1, VII-2 시추공 유기물의 탄소 및 질소 동위원소분석 결과는 유기물들의 기원이 해양조류 기원보다는 육성식물 기원이 우세함을 보여준다. 또한 Geobuk-1 공에서는 2,400m를 기준으로 하여 지화학적 지시자들의 뚜렷한 변화가 관찰되는데 이것은 2,400m에서 유기물 기원이나 퇴적작용 혹은 퇴적환경이 급격히 변화한 것에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 비투멘의 포화탄화수소 분석 결과 Geobuk-1공 3,253m, JDZ VII-1공 2,509, 2,833 그리고 3,163m구간의 시료에서는 이동된 석유의 흔적을 나타내지만 이것은 기원 유기물의 특성을 나타내는 것으로 판명되었다. 생물표기화합물에 의하면 Geobuk-1공 3,253m구간의 시료를 제외하면 분석된 Okdom-1, Geobuk-1 시추공 시료는 열적으로 미성숙 상태이고, 해성 기원 유기물의 영향을 약간 받기는 하였으나 대체로 하-호성 환경에서 퇴적된 것으로 나타났다. 반면 JDZ VII-1 시추공 시료는 대부분 Geobuk-1, Okdom-1 시추공 시료보다 육성 환경이 우세한 환경에서 퇴적된 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.387-392
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• 2006

There have been several problems in treating shipboard sewage due to special environmental conditions of ship, such as limited space, rolling and pitching, change of temperature and so on. It was suggested that Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) might be suitable process for overcome these problems in terms of small size, high capacity of treating wastewater and full automation. In this study a SBR process was employed for biological treatment of organic wastes in the shipboard sewage. This process was able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter efficiently. More than 95% of chemical oxygen demand(COD) were removed. In addition, about 97% of total nitrogen (T-N) was reduced. The total phosphorus(T-P) reduction averaged 93%. A disturbance operation caused by the treatment of Methylene Blue Active Substances(MBAS) was not observed.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.315-320
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• 2006

There have been several problems in treating shipboard sewage due to special environmental conditions of ship, such as limited space, rolling and pitching, change of temperature and so on. It was suggested that Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) might be suitable process for overcome these problems in terms of small size, high capacity of treating wastewater and full automation. In this study a SBR process was employed for biological treatment of organic wastes in the shipboard sewage. This process was able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter efficiently. More than 95% of chemical oxygen demand(COD) were removed. In addition, about 97% of total nitrogen (T-N) was reduced. The total phosphorus(T-P) reduction averaged 93%. A disturbance operation caused by the treatment of Methylene Blue Active Substances(MBAS) was not observed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 1988

유기물연용(有機物連用)이 답토양(畓土壤)의 물리적(物理的) 및 역학성(力學性)과 수량(收量)의 년차간(年次間) 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)코자 하해혼성평탄지(河海混成平坦地) 토양(土壤)인 전북통(全北統)에서 유기물(有機物) 무시용(無施用), 생고(生藁) 500, 퇴비(堆肥) 1,000kg/10a을 처리(處理)하고 질소수준(窒素水準)(0, 15, 20kg/10a)을 달리하여 1979-1987년(年)까지 9년(年)동안 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양(土壤)의 입경조성비(粒徑組成比)는 유기물연용구(有機物連用區)에서 무시용구(無施用區)에 비(比)하여 점토(粘土) 및 미사(微砂)의 조성비(組成比)가 약우(若于) 감소(減少)되었으나 모래의 조성비(組成比)는 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 용적밀도(容積密度)는 질소무시용(窒素無施用)에 유기물(有機物)을 시용(施用)하므로서 표토(表土)에서 낮아졌고 퇴비구(堆肥區)에 비(比)하여 생고연용구(生藁連用區)가 효과적(效果的)이었다. 3. 토양(土壤)의 삼상비(三相比)는 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 고상(固相)의 비(比)는 낮아지고 액상(液相)과 기상(氣相)의 비(比)는 증가(增加)되었으나 퇴비구(堆肥區)에서 액상(液相), 생고구(生藁區)에서 기상(氣相)이 가장 크게 증가(增加)되었다. 4. 내수성입단(耐水性粒團)은 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 2mm 이상(以上)의 입단(粒團)이 증가(增加)하였으며, 퇴비구(堆肥區)보다 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 증가(增加)하였고, 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a의 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 2mm의 누적립단(累積粒團)이 66.5%로서 질소무시용구(窒素無施用區)의 유기물(有機物) 무시용구(無施用區)보다 9.1 %가 증가(增加)하였다. 5. 액성(液性) 및 소성한계(塑性限界)와 소성지수(塑性指數)는 생고(生藁)>퇴비(堆肥)>무시용구(無施用區) 순(順)이며 액성(液性) 지수(指數)는 생고연용구(生藁連用區)보다 퇴비구(堆肥區)에서 크게 낮아졌다. 6. COLE치(値)는 수직(垂直)보다 수평(水平)에서 또 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a시용(施用)의 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 가장 크며, 원추(圓錐) 및 전단저항(剪斷抵抗)은 생고연용구(生藁連用區)의 질소(窒素)를 첨가(添加)한 구(區)에서 가장 낮았고 마찰저항(摩擦抵抗)은 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 무시용구(無施用區)보다 높아졌다. 7. 수량지수(收量指數) 변화(變化)는 질소무시용(窒素無施用)은 퇴비연용구(堆肥連用區)에서 생고연용구(生藁連用區)보다 높았고, 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a는 퇴비(堆肥) 및 생고연용구(生藁連用區) 사이에 년차간(年次間) 경합변화(競合變化)를 보였으며, 질소(窒素) 20kg/10a에서는 6년차(年次)부터 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 증가(增加)하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2021

In this study, an analysis of the characteristics of organic matter and nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD) of 17 sewage effluent and wastewater treatments was conducted. High CODMn and carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (CBOD) concentrations were observed in the livestock treatment plants (LTP), wastewater treatment plants(WTP), and night soil treatment plants (NTP), but the highest NOD concentration and contribution rates of NOD to BOD5 were found in sewage treatment plants (STP). There was no significant difference in the CBOD/CODMn ratio for each of the six pollution source groups, but the LTPs, WTPs, and NTPs all showed relatively high CODMn concentrations in their effluent samples, indicating that they are facilities which discharge large amounts of refractory organic matter. The seasonal change of NOD in all facilities' effluent was found to be larger than the seasonal change of CBOD, and data results also revealed an elevation of NOD and NH3-N concentration from December to February, when the water temperature was low. There was no significant difference in NH3-N concentration in relation to pollution source group (p=0.08, one-way ANOVA), but the STP, which had a high NOD contribution rate to BOD5 of 48%, showed a high correlation between BOD5 and NOD (r2=0.95, p<0.0001). These results suggest that the effect of NOD on BOD5 is an important factor to be considered when analyzing STP effluent.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권5호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2008

Since vegetation significantly influences on soil carbon and nutrient storage, vegetation change has been focused on terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycling studies. In this study we investigated soil carbon and major nutrient capitals at the abandoned fields, which had different vegetation composition: a three year abandoned field ($AGR_3$), two ten years abandoned fields ($PD_{10}$ dominant with Pinus densiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and $PM_{10}$ dominant with Populus maximowiczii), and an over sixty years forest ($FOR_{60}$). which were located at Hongcheon-gun, Kangwon-do, South Korea. Both main effects for organic matter (%) were significant: shallow soil > deep soil and $FOR_{60}=PM_{10}$ > $AGR_3=PD_{10}$. Nitrogen concentrations at $PM_{10}$ were the highest, while the lowest at $PD_{10}$. Available phosphorus concentrations were the highest at $PD_{10}$, which were over 10 times of site $FOR_{60}$ and $AGR_3$ at 0-10 cm soil depth. The average organic matter ($173Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and nitrogen contents ($10Mg\;ha^{-1}$) of $PM_{10}$ and $FOR_{60}$ were higher than those of $AGR_3$ and $PD_{10}$ by 57% and 42%, respectively. The available phosphorus contents above 30 cm mineral soil at $PD_{10}$ ($3.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and $PM_{10}$ ($1.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$) were over 120 times and 40 times more than at $FOR_{60}$. Calcium ($3.7Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and magnesium contents ($2.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$) at $FOR_{60}$ were twice or three times higher than at other sites. Organic matter amounts in 0-10 cm and 10-30 em soil had significant positive relationships with nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents, but not available phosphorus and potassium contents. This study could not identify the effect of chronological factor and vegetation composition on soil carbon and nutrient capital owing to diverse topography as well as limited study sites. However, this study suggests the accuracy of investigation for regional carbon and nutrient sequestration can be achieved by considering the period of abandoned time on the fields and the land use types. These results may suggest the benefits of forest restoration for soil carbon and nutrient accumulation in marginal agricultural lands in South Korea.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to study an effect of organic fertilizer, IBDU complex and humate on the growth of creeping bentgrass(penncross) and the change of soil chemical characteristics. Results obtained are summarized as follows :1.Content of a total nitrogen in soil was increased in more IBDU complex and organic fertilizer than humate plot. 2.Content of a organic matter in soil was increased in organic fertiliter and humate plot. 3.CEC in soil was improved a little in humate-granular plot. 4.The yield of dry weight and leaf color 'was increased in more organic fertilizer than humate plot. 5.Root length was the most effective in humate plot.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) in urban streams has a profound effect on the aquatic ecosystem; however, the change in DO by resuspension of sediments and the cause have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the physicochemical properties (particle size, and the content of organic and heavy metals) of the sediments of an urban stream (Anyang Stream) and the characteristics of water quality changes (DO, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrogen (DN), sediment oxygen demand (SOD), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) by sediment resuspension were investigated. The sediment content of fine particles (< 0.2 mm) increased from 36.7% to 52.7% from the upstream to the downstream, and the contents of heavy metals and organic matter of the sediment were also higher towards the downstream. The depletion of DO by resuspension was observed in the sediment at the downstream sites (P8, P9), where the fine particle content was high, and biological SOD (BSOD) was more than 88% compared to the total SOD. The increase in BSOD coincided with the increase in ATP. It was also confirmed that the depletion of DO could increase the amount of heavy metals (such as Fe, Mn, and Pb) released from the sediment. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that resuspension of sediments induces rapid water quality changes and may cause accidents, such as fish mortality, during rainfall, and such a water quality effect can be more pronounced in sediments with a high content of fine particles and organic matter and high biological activity.