논토양(土壤)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 유기물(有機物)의 연용효과(蓮用效果) -II. 생고(生藁) 및 퇴비(堆肥) 연용(蓮用)이 논토양(土壤)의 몇가지 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響)

Effect of long-term organic matter application on physico-chemical properties in rice paddy soil -2. The effect of some physical properties of paddy field by the long-term application of rice straw and compost

유기물연용(有機物連用)이 답토양(畓土壤)의 물리적(物理的) 및 역학성(力學性)과 수량(收量)의 년차간(年次間) 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)코자 하해혼성평탄지(河海混成平坦地) 토양(土壤)인 전북통(全北統)에서 유기물(有機物) 무시용(無施用), 생고(生藁) 500, 퇴비(堆肥) 1,000kg/10a을 처리(處理)하고 질소수준(窒素水準)(0, 15, 20kg/10a)을 달리하여 1979-1987년(年)까지 9년(年)동안 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양(土壤)의 입경조성비(粒徑組成比)는 유기물연용구(有機物連用區)에서 무시용구(無施用區)에 비(比)하여 점토(粘土) 및 미사(微砂)의 조성비(組成比)가 약우(若于) 감소(減少)되었으나 모래의 조성비(組成比)는 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 용적밀도(容積密度)는 질소무시용(窒素無施用)에 유기물(有機物)을 시용(施用)하므로서 표토(表土)에서 낮아졌고 퇴비구(堆肥區)에 비(比)하여 생고연용구(生藁連用區)가 효과적(效果的)이었다. 3. 토양(土壤)의 삼상비(三相比)는 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 고상(固相)의 비(比)는 낮아지고 액상(液相)과 기상(氣相)의 비(比)는 증가(增加)되었으나 퇴비구(堆肥區)에서 액상(液相), 생고구(生藁區)에서 기상(氣相)이 가장 크게 증가(增加)되었다. 4. 내수성입단(耐水性粒團)은 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 2mm 이상(以上)의 입단(粒團)이 증가(增加)하였으며, 퇴비구(堆肥區)보다 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 증가(增加)하였고, 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a의 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 2mm의 누적립단(累積粒團)이 66.5%로서 질소무시용구(窒素無施用區)의 유기물(有機物) 무시용구(無施用區)보다 9.1 %가 증가(增加)하였다. 5. 액성(液性) 및 소성한계(塑性限界)와 소성지수(塑性指數)는 생고(生藁)>퇴비(堆肥)>무시용구(無施用區) 순(順)이며 액성(液性) 지수(指數)는 생고연용구(生藁連用區)보다 퇴비구(堆肥區)에서 크게 낮아졌다. 6. COLE치(値)는 수직(垂直)보다 수평(水平)에서 또 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a시용(施用)의 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 가장 크며, 원추(圓錐) 및 전단저항(剪斷抵抗)은 생고연용구(生藁連用區)의 질소(窒素)를 첨가(添加)한 구(區)에서 가장 낮았고 마찰저항(摩擦抵抗)은 유기물(有機物)을 연용(連用)하므로서 무시용구(無施用區)보다 높아졌다. 7. 수량지수(收量指數) 변화(變化)는 질소무시용(窒素無施用)은 퇴비연용구(堆肥連用區)에서 생고연용구(生藁連用區)보다 높았고, 질소(窒素) 15kg/10a는 퇴비(堆肥) 및 생고연용구(生藁連用區) 사이에 년차간(年次間) 경합변화(競合變化)를 보였으며, 질소(窒素) 20kg/10a에서는 6년차(年次)부터 생고연용구(生藁連用區)에서 증가(增加)하였다.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of long-term applications of rice straw and compost on the physical and mechanical properties of paddy fields and the yearly variation of rice yield in Fluvio-Marine plain of Jeonbug series. Amounts of rice straw and compost applied in this experiment were 500kg/10a, 1,000kg/10a respectively, and the nitrogen levels were 0, 15 and 20kg/10a. This experiment were continued for 9 years from 1979 to 1987. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Clay and silt ratios were decreased but versa in sand ratio, by the long-term application of rice straw and compost. 2. Bulk density in the long-term application of organic matter was lower in surface soil of non-application than nitrogen application (15kg/10a) and in rice straw than compost. 3. Solid ratio went down, but liquid and gaseous ratio went up especially, by organic matter application liquid ratio were increased by compost and gaseous ratio were increased by in rice straw. 4. Aggregates of bigger than 2mm were increased by long-term application of organic matter, and the effects was better in rice straw than compost. Accumulative aggregate of 2mm was 66.5% in nitrogen of 15kg/ 10a with rice straw, which showed the increase of 9.1% in comparison with the non-application of nitrogen and organic matter. 5. Liquid limit, plastic limit and plastic index were high in order of rice straw, compost and control, and liquid index was lower in compost than in rice straw. 6. Cole value was higher in vertical than horizontal and highest in the application of rice straw with nitrogen of 15kg/10a. Cone and shearing resistance were lowest in the application of rice straw with nitrogen. In total vertical pressure friction was higher in the long-term application of organic matter than control. 7. The change of yield index was higher in the long-term application of compost than rice straw in non-nitrogen and it showed the yearly competitive variation between the long-term application of compost and rice straw in nitrogen of 10kg/10a. In nitrogen application of 20kg/10a, it was increased from 6th year by rice straw application.