• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 2010

In order to secure safety for the buckling and fracture of continuous welded rail and improve the efficiency of maintenance work, it is very important that grasp the characteristics of rail temperature. Recently, the maximum air temperature in summer season rises gradually and the minimum air temperature in winter season is decreasing gradually due to the climate change. Therefore, these phenomenon influences in the change amount of yearly rail temperature and can cause change of laying and maintenance temperature. In this study, actual measurement of rail temperature including climatic factors is carried out by constructing the temperature and climate measurement system as realistic as possible. Through the intensive investigation of actual data, it is founded that the existing prediction formulas for rail temperature may be used only in certain climatic conditions (certain combination of climatic factors). It may be more reasonable that the rail temperature considering actual climatic factors in site is predicted on probabilistic approach.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine factors related to smoking behavior, and to develop multilevel communication strategies for smoking cessation. Methods: This paper reviewed theories and empirical findings with currents ecological models to develop communication strategies. Theory comparison was also performed to identify important mediators in the process of smoking cessation. Results: Factors that have been identified to influence smoking behavior ranges from individual perception, attitudes and self efficacy toward smoking to organizational norms, regulations, community capacity, media advocacy and public smoking regulation policy. In order to address these multi-level determinants of smoking behavior, objectives and strategies for smoking cessation intervention were developed utilizing ecological perspectives to cover intrapersonal, interpersonal(mainly family member and peers), organizational and community/public policy level factors. Conclusion: Multilevel approaches have advanced the existing knowledge on determinants of health behaviors. New direction of research focusing on testing multilevel intervention approaches should be expanded to inform the efficacy of applying social ecological models to health behavior change process.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.5 no.3 s.19
• /
• pp.153-165
• /
• 2004

Most engineering tasks require collaboration between many users in major hospital construction projects that have many reconstructions. Loss and change orders occurred in factors such as information exchange, misunderstandings, advanced technology in hospital projects. Moreover, changes in context, costs, requirements, deadlines, etc. require negotiation of issues that may modify important project characteristics. The objective of this paper is to reduce reconstruction for the pre-construction process of hospital projects, reconstruction factors were analyzed in recent hospital construction project the system was established in order to solve reconstruction factors, and this system was validated through applying to the real project. Therefore it is a major challenge to make high level of communication and to have mutual understanding.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2012

In order to increase visitors' viewing satisfaction and viewing behavior in the art museum exhibit by flat works, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of major evaluation factors, such as 'the number of artworks and their intervals', 'the space of exhibition and the size of walls', and 'compositional change of exhibition spaces', which have a close relationship with each evaluation factors, by focusing on artworks and exhibition space. Thus, to investigate how the characteristic differences of the major evaluation factors in art museums affect visitors' viewing satisfaction and viewing behavior, this study compared the related analytical indicators, and conducted a correlation analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the degree of concentration on artworks (which has been selected as a collective assessment indicator of visitors' satisfaction) increased when the exhibition space of art museum is display by less artworks and they have big interval in the large wall. Second, visitors' viewing satisfaction and qualitative viewing behavior increased when the exhibition space of art museum are simple and they change to simpler step by step. These findings imply that there is a high correlation between visitors' visio-perceptual experiences and viewing behavior, and that visitors' viewing satisfaction and viewing behavior can be predicted partially in the certain exhibition environment from this correlation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.202-209
• /
• 2004

A case-control study was conducted in order to examine dietary behavioral factors associated with colorectal cancer risks. Data were collected from 128 cases with either colorectal cancer or large bowl adenomatous polyps and 129 controls regarding stages of dietary behavioral change, perceived barrier, self efficacy, nutrition knowledge, social support and food availability as well as body mass index and overall dietary quality. Cases showed less desirable behaviors with respect to fat reduction and vegetable intake compared with controls based on the analyses of the stages of dietary change. After adjustment of relevant covariates (age, gender and smoking), significant trends of increasing risk with higher level emerged for perceived barriers resulted from environmental conditions (OR = 1.6 - 2.0) and self-efficacy (OR = 2.2-2.3). No such relationships were found for nutrition knowledge and social support. The risk of colorectal cancer was associated with the kinds of foods available at home showing a borderline protective relation with milk (OR = 0.6) and respective significant and borderline direct associations for fresh meat (OR = 2.1) and soft drinks (OR = 0.6 when reversely scored). Within-group analyses presented best predictors of overall dietary quality as food availability for the case and self-efficacy and social support for the control. The findings of this study suggested a need for focusing on motivational and reinforcing factors in the development of nutrition education programs for colorectal cancer prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2010

Recently, as digital photogrammetry bas been widely used in various fields including construction, it is also being applied to several industries. It is essential for interior orientation to determine accurate focal length of camera, lens distortion, location of principal point in order to apply high quality digital camera to digital photogrammetry. In this study we conducted interior orientation for zoom lens camera with regular time and zoom factors and analyzed change of radial distortion parameters and location of principal point to evaluate interior orientation stability. As a result, radial distortion parameters($k_1,k_2$) are converged into zero by increasing zoom factors. There are correlation between the change of location of point and zoom factors. The displacement of $x_p$, $y_p$ increase as zoom factors rise high.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of biological factors on the in vitro production(IVP) of bovine oocytes for development of simple culture methods and medium. Oocytes from the slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized using general protocol and this study was examined if there were necessary to co-culture, media change, media type and embryo density. This results were as follows: 1. The development rate according to co-culture with cumulus cells and non co-culture as drop culture was not significantly different in cleavage (68.9 vs 71.7%), 8-cell stage (41.2 vs 44.1%) and blastocyst stage (12.2 vs 13.8%), respectively (p<0.05) 2. The blastocyst development rates in YS and CRIaa were higher than that in TCM199 (12.4, 10.4$ vs 3.7%), but the cleavage (69.0, 77.8 and 61.0%) and 8-cell stage (31.7, 37.0 and 35.7%) development accoring to YS, TCM199 and CRIaa ws not significantly different, respectively (p<0.05). 3. There was no significantly different in cleavage (62.6, 59.5 and 61.2%), 8-cell(34.7, 37.9 and 34.0%) and blastocyst (9.5, 11.6 and 12.8%) development among medium change time as control, Group I and Group II, respectively (p<0.05). 4. Blastocyst formation of 8-cell stage according to embryo density was not significantly different in 1, 10 and 25 embryos (27.3, 22.5 and 34.0%), respectively (p<0.05). These results indicated that simple culture system could reduce bovine IVP embryos as drop culture as non co-culture system, high density embryo (25 embryos/50 $\mu$1 drop). YS defined medium and no medium change for whole culture period, although other biological factors need to examine in order to produce efficient IVP bovine embryos.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 1995

The objective of the study is to produce preferential impact assessment factors for Environmental Impact Assessment by considering regional features and public participation in the initial stages of EIA. In order to produce preferential impact assessment factors, the study was carried out through theoretical research and a survey of public awareness as a ways to reflect public participation based on theoretical research. The survey of public awareness was conducted in the form of an interview to review the impact which the construction of atomic power plants at Hyo-am village, Jang-an, Kyungsang Province and Bi-hak village, Suhsang-myon, Ulsan-Kun will have on the surrounding environment: to reflect public participation on deciding preferential assessment: and to determine the extent of alternatives of the proposed project. As the result of the study, the following were identified as preferential assessment factors in the settlement and surrounding areas cultivation marine products, change of temperature of seawater due to flow of warm water, land use(negative), noise vibration during construction, existing plants, erosion accumulation, influx of manpower for construction(negative), recreation landscaping during construction and operation, change in flow of transportation during construction, the quality of seawater during construction and operation were produced as preferential assessment factors in both settlement area and neighboring areas. In the settlement area, the educational environment(negative & positive) and positive aspects of the influx of manpower for construction were also identified as preferential assessment factors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.405-420
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to understand the change of spatial environmental factors including populations, air pollution source and land-use in Busan, during the period of 1995 and 2004. Firstly, the grids (5 km $\times$ 5 km) were divided using the TM coordinates of Busan and the statistical data of populations and land-use were marked on each grid during studying period. Secondly, the SO$_2$, NO$_2$ and O$_3$ concentrations of areas where air quality monitoring station was not established were estimated on the basis of these air pollutants measured at close air quality monitoring station by kriging method. In order to understand spatial change of air pollution and to investigate duplication and reduction of existing stations, semivariogram, correlation and cluster analysis were carried out. This study showed that the population increased in 2004 only on 8 grids compared to in 1995. The spatial change of SO$_2$, NO$_2$ and O$_3$ was investigated by semivariogram in Busan area. As the results of semivariogram, the spatial change of 502 become smaller and simpler, while that of NO2,03 become larger and more complex in 2004 than in 1995, According to the result of correlation and cluster analysis, the reduction of measurement item or the relocation of air quality monitoring station can be needed in the high dense grid area.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2021

The realities of Climate change and its untold implications on the livelihood of man are no longer new worldwide. In attempts to subdue the negative implications of Climate change scenario globally, several measures have being suggested and being put in place. One of such measures is urban reforestation especially in the developing nations where forest resources have extremely and uncontrollably exploited. Most of cities in developing nations are almost devoid of regularly maintained trees for whatever purpose. Thus, the enormous roles which urban tree performs are lacked in most cities. In order to subdue excessive heat in cities arising from exposure of urban land areas urban reforestation exercise needs to be embarked upon. The investigation was carried out through desk studies and review of relevant publications to examine what it entails to have a sustainable reforestation programme in cities. The study revealed that several factors need to be taken into consideration if sustainable urban reforestation will be achieved, especially in developing countries. These factors include urban soil nutrients status investigation, appropriate tree type study, public perception about the tree types, relevant legal instrument to achieve successful reforestation exercise in cities among others were found to be salient to this exercise. Urban reforestation has enormous potentials to subdue Climate change consequences, including urban renewal if adequate provision is made for its sustainability, especially in developing countries. To ensure this is realized it is recommended that relevant ministry/agency could be put in charge for the maintaining, cutting and replanting of urban tree and all that are involved in urban tree sustainability.