• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 2017

China's rapid growth has created great opportunities for design and construction of projects that not only transform sites but cities. This work combines local, national, and international expertise in developing memorable designs that seek to humanize urban life and emphasize the importance of visionary clients. Innovative examples of work in China will be presented with emphasis on three iconic projects designed and built for Poly Corporation based in China. These projects include developments in Beijing and Guangzhou and introduce the use of locally supplied materials and construction techniques. The Poly Corporate Headquarters, the Poly Real Estate Headquarters, and the Poly International Plaza, and will be described through innovative ideas that integrate urban planning, structure, and architecture.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.489-494
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• 2013

Objective: This study compared the effects of streamlined shoes on dynamic gait and foot plantar pressure in healthy young adults. Background: With the importance of ankle and lower extremity mechanism, streamlined shoes are contributing to a static gait factors. However, the study of dynamic gait factor is still insufficient. Method: Sixty subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental group(n=30) and control(n=30), respectively. The experimental group performed streamlined shoes, whereas the control group applied usual shoes. Main outcome measurements were assessed contact time, step length and foot plantar pressure using gait analysis with the treadmill. Independent t-test was used to compare the both groups. Results: Compared with control group, contact time of forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot decreased significantly in experimental group(p<.05), Step length increased significantly in experimental group(p<.05). Foot plantar pressure of midfoot and hindfoot increased significantly in experimental group(p<.05), whereas that of forefoot did not show significantly in experimental group(p>.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that streamlined shoes was more effective than usual shoes in dynamic gait change including contact time and step length and foot plantar pressure in healthy young adults. Application: The results of streamlined shoes might help to control for the gait of industrial workers.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.161-171
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• 2017

Global environmental changes have the capacity to make dramatic alterations to floral and faunal composition, and elucidation of the mechanism is important for predicting its outcomes. Studies on global climate change have traditionally focused on statistical summaries within relatively wide scales of spatial and temporal changes, and less attention has been paid to variability in microclimates across spatial and temporal scales. Microclimate is a suite of climatic conditions measured in local areas near the earth's surface. Environmental variables in microclimatic scale can be critical for the ecology of organisms inhabiting there. Here we examine the effect of spatial and temporal changes in microclimates on those of carabid beetle communities in Hyangnobong, Korea. We found that climatic variables and the patterns of annual changes in carabid beetle communities differed among sites even within the single mountain system. Our results indicate the importance of temporal survey of communities at local scales, which is expected to reveal an additional fraction of variation in communities and underlying processes that has been overlooked in studies of global community patterns and changes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.306-312
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• 2020

Despite the importance of brown adipocytes as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of obesity, the molecular mechanism underlying brown adipocyte differentiation is not fully understood. In particular, the role of post-translational modifications in brown adipocyte differentiation has not been extensively studied. Histidine phosphorylation is increasingly recognized an important process for protein post-translational modifications. In this study, we show that histidine phosphorylation patterns change during brown adipocyte differentiation. In addition, the expression level of protein histidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1), a major mammalian phosphohistidine phosphatase, is reduced rapidly at the early phase of differentiation and recovers at the later phase. During white adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however, the expression level of PHPT1 do not significantly change. Knockdown of PHPT1 promotes brown adipocyte differentiation, whereas ectopic expression of PHPT1 suppresses brown adipocyte differentiation. These results collectively suggest that histidine phosphorylation is closely linked to brown adipocyte differentiation and could be a therapeutic target for obesity and related metabolic diseases.

• Bulletin of the Korea Photovoltaic Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2020

Sri Lanka has strongly understood the importance of mitigation of climate change and various measures have been taken. To tackle the climate change, after ratifying Paris Agreement, Sri Lanka has pledged to reduce her greenhouse gas emission in the energy sector by 20% (16% unconditional and 4% conditional) by 2030 based on the BAU scenario. Simultaneously, the government introduced its new energy policy and strategies in 2019 with a vision of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. This paper survey related key government documents, policies, reports, and academic articles to investigate opportunities for the private sector to invest large scale solar power deployment (10 MW or above) and to get support from climate finance under article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It has found, growing concern on the environment, energy security issues and increase import expenses for fossil fuels are the main influencing factors to move renewable sources. Further, government investment and FDI both have gradually decreased in the energy sector. Therefore, an alternative financing mechanism is needed. Although the private sector allowed investing in the energy sector since 1996 with the introduction of IPP (Independent Power Producers), it could not make considerable progress on involving large scale solar utility projects. This has revealed government policy is not aligning with the long term generation plan of the electricity sector. The study has also found, it needs more strategic road map, coordination with different institutions, monitoring system to enhance large scale solar contribution.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2009

After introduction of the earthquake resistant design code, it is required to achieve seismic performance of existing bridges as well as earthquake resistant design of new bridges. The achievement of seismic performance for existing bridges should satisfy the no collapse requirement based on the basic concept of earthquake resistant design, therefore, various methods with different strengthening scale should be suggested according to bridge types and importance categories. At present for typical bridges, most studied and applied strengthening methods are bearing change, pier strengthening and shear key installation for improvement of seismic performance. In this study a typical existing bridge, for which earthquake resistant design is not considered, is selected as an analysis bridge. Design changes are carried out to satisfy the no collapse requirement by way of the ductile failure mechanism and seismic performances are checked. It is shown that the seismic performance of existing bridges can be achieved by way of redesign of bridge system, e.g. determination of pier design section for substructure and change of bearing function for connections between super/sub-structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.114-117
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• 1998

Failure to link business or operations strategy with the activities of operations is a critical problem in strategy implementation process. This problem comes from malfunction of a coordination and control mechanism to support the strategic direction by effective communication throughout the firm. A performance measurement and evaluation system (PMES) is thought as a core mechanism to monitor, direct. and induce desirable activities. We have developed a new strategic PMES (SPMES) that can effectively support the manufacturing strategy by utilizing customized performance measures. They are selected from a pool of four distinct but closely related sets of performance measures; financial, market, internal competency, and performance driver. In this paper, we briefly review the structure of the SPMES and explain the change process of PMES into SPMES in manufacturing business units. First we analyze the business environment and manufacturing strategy to identify short- and long-term issues facing the management. Next step is scrutinizing the objectives and activities of every function and process in the business unit. Using the information obtained, we can diagnose the gaps between currently effective PMES and desirable SPMES supporting the strategies. Once the problems in existing system are identified, we reconfigure the existing and new measures to establish a SPMES through a series of analyses, discussions and workshops. In organizing the selected measures in the new system, we use AHP method to reflect the relative importance of the measures in a specific business. Finally, modification or development of information system to support the SPMES wraps up the development process, and implementation begins. We explain the entire process using two cases to clarify the real meanings and the difficulties of PMES change process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.315-326
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• 2011

In recent years, domestic and international interests focus on climate change, and importance of forest as carbon sink have been also increased. Particularly REDD+ mechanism expanded from REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) is expected to perform a new mechanism for reducing greenhouse gas in post 2012. To conduct this mechanism, countries which try to get a carbon credit have to certify effectiveness of their activities by MRV (Measuring, Reporting and Verification) system. This study analyzed the approaches for detecting land cover change and estimating carbon stock by remote sensing technology which is considered as the effective method to develop MRV system. The most appropriate remote sensing for detection of land cover change is optical medium resolution sensors and satellite SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) according to cost efficiency and uncertainty assessment. In case of estimating carbon stock, integration of low uncertainty techniques, airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), SAR, and cost efficient techniques, optical medium resolution sensors and satellite SAR, could be more appropriate. However, due to absence of certificate authority, guideline, and standard of uncertainty, we should pay continuously our attention on international information flow and establish appropriate methods. Moreover, to apply monitoring system to developing countries, close collaboration and monitoring method reflected characteristics of each countries should be considered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.431-431
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• 2011

Graphene, two dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon, has attracted an enormous amount of interest due to excellent electrical, chemical and mechanical properties for the application of transparent conducting films, clean energy devices, field-effect transistors, optoelectronic devices and chemical sensors. Especially, graphene is promising candidate to detect the gas molecules and biomolecules due to the large specific surface area and signal-to-noise ratios. Despite of importance to the disease diagnosis, there are a few reports to demonstrate the graphene- and rGO-FET for biological sensors and the sensing mechanism are not fully understood. Here we describe scalable and facile fabrication of rGO-FET with the capability of label-free, ultrasensitive electrical detection of a cancer biomarker, prostate specific antigen/${\alpha}1$-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT) complex, in which the ultrathin rGO sensing channel was simply formed by a uniform self-assembly of two-dimensional rGO nanosheets on aminated pattern generated by inkjet printing. Sensing characteristics of rGO-FET immunosensor showed the highly precise, reliable, and linear shift in the Dirac point with the analyte concentration of PSA-ACT complex and extremely low detection limit as low as 1 fg/ml. We further analyzed the charge doping mechanism, which is the change in the charge carrier in the rGO channel varying by the concentration of biomolecules. Amenability of solution-based scalable fabrication and extremely high performance may enable rGO-FET device as a versatile multiplexed diagnostic biosensor for disease biomarkers.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.9 s.240
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• pp.988-996
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• 2005

Flame structure and extinction mechanism of counterflow methane/air non-premixed flame diluted with nitrogen are studied by NASA 2.2 s drop tower experiments and two-dimensional numerical simulations with finite rate chemistry and transport properties. Extinction mechanism at low strain rate is examined through the comparison among results of microgravity experiment, 1D and 2D simulations with a finite burner diameter. A two-dimensional simulation in counterflow flame especially with a finite burner diameter is shown to be very important in explaining the importance of multidimensional effects and lateral heat loss in flame extinction, effects that cannot be understood using a one-dimensional flamelet model. Extinction mechanism at low strain rate is quite different from that at high strain rate. Low strain rate flame is extinguished initially at the outer flame edge, the flame shrinks inward, and finally is extinguished at the center. It is clarified from the overall fractional contribution by each term in energy equation to heat release rate that the contribution of radiation fraction with 1D and 2D simulations does not change so much and the overall fractional contribution is decisively attributed to radial conduction ('lateral heat loss'). The experiments by Maruta et at. can be only completely understood if multi-dimensional heat loss effects are considered. It is, as a result, verified that the turning point, which is caused only by pure radiation heat loss, has to be shifted towards much lower global strain rate in microgravity flame.