Browse > Article

Private sector engagement in large scale solar power deployment in Sri Lanka: Role of green climate fund  

Liyanage, Namal (GETPPP, Green School, Korea University Sri Lanka Institute of Development Administration (SLIDA))
Publication Information
Bulletin of the Korea Photovoltaic Society / v.6, no.1, 2020 , pp. 21-34 More about this Journal
Abstract
Sri Lanka has strongly understood the importance of mitigation of climate change and various measures have been taken. To tackle the climate change, after ratifying Paris Agreement, Sri Lanka has pledged to reduce her greenhouse gas emission in the energy sector by 20% (16% unconditional and 4% conditional) by 2030 based on the BAU scenario. Simultaneously, the government introduced its new energy policy and strategies in 2019 with a vision of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. This paper survey related key government documents, policies, reports, and academic articles to investigate opportunities for the private sector to invest large scale solar power deployment (10 MW or above) and to get support from climate finance under article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It has found, growing concern on the environment, energy security issues and increase import expenses for fossil fuels are the main influencing factors to move renewable sources. Further, government investment and FDI both have gradually decreased in the energy sector. Therefore, an alternative financing mechanism is needed. Although the private sector allowed investing in the energy sector since 1996 with the introduction of IPP (Independent Power Producers), it could not make considerable progress on involving large scale solar utility projects. This has revealed government policy is not aligning with the long term generation plan of the electricity sector. The study has also found, it needs more strategic road map, coordination with different institutions, monitoring system to enhance large scale solar contribution.
Keywords
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 ADB, & UNDP. (2017). Assessment of Sri Lanka's Power Sector-100% Electricity Generation Through Renewable Energy by 2050. 122. https://www.undp.org/content/dam/LECB/docs/pubs-reports/UNDP-LECB-Assessment-Sri-Lanka-Power-Sector.pdf
2 Adenle, A. A., Manning, D. T., & Arbiol, J. (2017). Mitigating Climate Change in Africa: Barriers to Financing Low-Carbon Development. World Development, 100, 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.033   DOI
3 Al-Saidi, M. (2020). Green Climate Fund (GCF): Role, Capacity Building, and Directions as a Catalyst for Climate Finance. January, 555-564. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95885-9_44
4 Ari, I., & Yikmaz, R. F. (2019). The role of renewable energy in achieving Turkey's INDC. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 105 (February), 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser. 2019.02.004   DOI
5 Berga, L. (2016). The Role of Hydropower in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: A Review. Engineering, 2(3), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.004   DOI
6 Bracking, S. (2019). Financialisation, Climate Finance, and the Calculative Challenges of Managing Environmental Change. Antipode, 51(3), 709-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12510   DOI
7 Carfora, A., & Scandurra, G. (2019). The impact of climate funds on economic growth and their role in substituting fossil energy sources. Energy Policy, 129(August 2018), 182-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.023   DOI
8 CEB. (2019). Long Term Generation Plan 2020-2039, Ceylon Electricy Board.
9 Chamli, P., Amila, W., & Julian, N. (2014). The Progress of Sri Lanka's Renewable Energy Sector Developments in Mitigating the GHG Emission. Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2(5), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.13189/eee.2014.020502   DOI
10 Danthurebandara, M., & Rajapaksha, L. (2019). Environmental consequences of different electricity generation mixes in Sri Lanka by 2050. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 432-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.343   DOI
11 Daranagama, U. (n.d.). Development of Solar PV Deployment in Sri Lanka and its Challenges.
12 Dharmadasa, I. M. (2016). Solar Energy Strategy for Sri Lanka: The Solar Village Solution for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction. September, 0-12. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/13387/%5Cn http://shura.shu.ac.uk
13 Environmental, O. (n.d.). How to access the Green Climate Fund for the private sector.
14 George, A., Boxiong, S., Arowo, M., Ndolo, P., Chepsaigutt-Chebet, & Shimmon, J. (2019). Review of solar energy development in Kenya: Opportunities and challenges. Renewable Energy Focus, 29(June), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2019.03.007   DOI
15 Gichira, S. Peter, Agwata, F. Jones & Muigua, D. K. (2014). Climate Finance : Fears and Hopes for Developing Countries. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 22, 1-7.
16 Hewawasam, V., & Matsui, K. (2019). Historical development of climate change policies and the Climate Change Secretariat in Sri Lanka. Environmental Science and Policy, 101(June), 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.09.001   DOI
17 IEA. (2018). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017. In International Renewable Energy Agency. https://doi.org/10.1007/SpringerReference_7300
18 Jayasooriya, J. M. M. B. S. (2005). Future Development of Mini & Micro Hydro in Sri Lanka: A Macro Level Study. Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, 38(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v38i2.7214   DOI
19 Lakshmanan, P. K., Singh, S., & Asta Lakshmi, S. (2017). The Paris Agreement on Climate Change and India. Journal of Climate Change, 3(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc-170001   DOI
20 Kumar, A., Ferdous, R., Luque-Ayala, A., McEwan, C., Power, M., Turner, B., & Bulkeley, H. (2019). Solar energy for all? Understanding the successes and shortfalls through a critical comparative assessment of Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Mozambique, Sri Lanka and South Africa. Energy Research and Social Science, 48(September 2018), 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.005   DOI
21 Ministry of Power, Energy and Business Development, S. L. (2019). National Energy Policy and Strategies of Sri Lanka - 2019. 67(26), 8-9.
22 MMDE. (2017). Nationally Determine Contribution. The Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, Sri Lanka.
23 Nakhooda, S., & Watson, C. (2013). The Global Climate Finance Architecture. Climate Funds Update. http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8685.pdf
24 Owens, K. (2018). Global Climate Finance and the Green Climate Fund. Global Environmental Change and Innovation in International Law, March 1994, 59-78. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108526081.005
25 Pallawala, R., Gte, C. E. O. J., & Lanka, S. (n.d.). Mapping of Institutional Arrangement Sri Lanka.
26 Paper, A. (2019). Forward-looking performance review of the green climate fund.
27 Perera, O. (2016). Investing in Sustainable Energy : The case for solar technologies in Sri Lanka. 4-7.
28 Prasath, D. A. K. G. A. (2017). Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plant for Pondicherry University. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 6(9), 406-411. https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v6i9/1081702.pdf
29 REN21. (2018). Renewables 2018 Global Status Report (Paris: REN21 Secretariat). In Paris: Renewable energy policy network for the 21st Century. https://doi.org/978-3-9818911-3-3
30 Quitzow, R. (2015). Assessing policy strategies for the promotion of environmental technologies: A review of India's National Solar Mission. Research Policy, 44(1), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.09.003   DOI
31 Renn, D., George, R., Marion, B., Nrel, D. H., Gueymard, C., & Consulting, S. (2003). Solar Resource Assessment for Sri Lanka and Maldives. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy NREL/TP-710-34645, 3-23. http://www.osti.gov/bridge
32 Sayanthan, S., & Kannan, N. (2017). Renewable energy resource of Sri Lanka! A review. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research, 3(4), 2454-1850. http://www.ijoear.com/Paper-April- 2017/IJOEAR-APR-2017-19.pdf
33 Shahsavari, A., & Akbari, M. (2018). Potential of solar energy in developing countries for reducing energy-related emissions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90(April), 275-291. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.065   DOI
34 Solomon, A. A., Bogdanov, D., & Breyer, C. (2018). Solar driven net zero emission electricity supply with negligible carbon cost: Israel as a case study for Sun Belt countries. Energy, 155, 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.014   DOI
35 Term, L., & Expansion, G. (2013). Ceylon Electricity Board (Vol. 2037, Issue October).
36 UNFCCC. (2014). 2014 Biennial Assessment and Overview of Climate Finance Flows. December 2014, 94.
37 WB. (2019). World Bank and International Finance Corporation. Energy InfraSAP$^{(C)}$ World Bank
38 Wijesena, G. H.., & asinghe, A. R. A. (2018). Solar Energy and its Role in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 65(3), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijettv65p226   DOI
39 Wijayapala, W. D. A. S., & Kushal, D. H. K. (2015). Development of a model for prediction of solar radiation. Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, 48(3), 19. https://doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v48i3.6838   DOI
40 Wijayatunga, P. D. C., Fernando, W. J. L. S., & Shrestha, R. M. (2006). Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation: Sri Lanka Electricity Sector. Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, 39(3), 7. https://doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v39i3.7188   DOI
41 Zhang, W., & Pan, X. (2016). Study on the demand of climate finance for developing countries based on submitted INDC. Advances in Climate Change Research, 7(1-2), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2016.05.002   DOI
42 (2017). Climate Investment Opportunities in South Asia. Climate Investment Opportunities in South Asia. https://doi.org/10.1596/29205
43 Zhang, Y. X., Chao, Q. C., Zheng, Q. H., & Huang, L. (2017). The withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and its impact on global climate change governance. Advances in Climate Change Research, 8(4), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2017.08.005   DOI