• 제목/요약/키워드: Chang

검색결과 86,016건 처리시간 0.079초

Validation of a Palliative Prognostic Index to Predict Life Expectancy for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients in a Hospice Consultation Setting in Taiwan

  • Cheng, Wei-Hong;Kao, Chen-Yi;Hung, Yu-Shin;Su, Po-Jung;Hsieh, Chia-Hsun;Chen, Jen-Shi;Wang, Hung-Ming;Chou, Wen-Chi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.2861-2866
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    • 2012
  • Background: The aim of our study was to assess the practical utility of the palliative prognostic index (PPI) as a prognostic tool used by nurse specialists in a hospice consultation setting in Taiwan. Methods: In total, 623 terminal cancer patients under hospice consultation care from one medical center in northern Taiwan were enrolled between January 1 and June 30, 2011. PPI was assessed by a nurse specialist at first hospice consultation and patients categorized into groups by prognosis (good, intermediate, poor). Patient survival was analyzed retrospectively to determine significance of between-group differences. Results: By PPI sum score, 37.2% of patients were in the good prognosis group, 18% in the intermediate prognosis group and 44.8% in the poor prognosis group. The death rates were 56%, 81.2% and 89.6% and median survivals were 76, 18 and 7 days, respectively. The hazard ratio was 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.24, p<0.001) for the poor versus good prognosis group and 0.54 (95% CI 0.43-0.69, p<0.001) for the poor versus intermediate prognosis group. The sensitivity and specificity for the poor prognosis group was 66% and 71%; the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 81% and 52%, respectively, to predict patient death within 21 days (area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.68). Conclusions: Assessment by PPI can accurately predict survival of terminal cancer patients receiving hospice consultation care. PPI is a simple tool and can be administered by nurse members of hospice consultation teams.

Transparent ZnO based thin film transistors fabricated at room temperature with high-k dielectric $Gd_2O_3$ gate insulators

  • Tsai, Jung-Ruey;Li, Chi-Shiau;Tsai, Shang-Yu;Chen, Jyun-Ning;Chien, Po-Hsiu;Feng, Wen-Sheng;Liu, Kou-Chen
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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    • pp.374-377
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    • 2009
  • The characteristics of the deposited thin films of the zinc oxide (ZnO) at different oxygen pressures will be elucidated in this work. The resistivity of ZnO thin films were dominated by the carrier concentration under high oxygen pressure conditions while controlled by the carrier mobility at low oxygen ambiences. In addition, we will show the characteristics of the transparent ZnO based thin film transistor (TFT) fabricated at a full room temperature process with gate dielectric of gadolinium oxide ($Gd_2O_3$) thin films.

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조선 후기 장생도(長生圖)의 구성원리와 조형적 특성 (A Study on the Visual Characteristics and The Principal of Formation of ChangSayng-Do in the Late Chosun Dynasty)

  • 김준근
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제8권
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    • pp.63-94
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    • 2005
  • ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty was a kind of traditional painting which sublimated the philosophy and emotion of everyday life into an aesthetic consciousness through a long history of Korean people . It would represent a human wish and desire to live a long and healthy life, which was implicated by way of Taoism. The major themes of ChangSayng-Do - mountains, the sun, cloud, water, rock, deer, tortoises, cranes, pine trees, bamboos, peaches, and herbs of eternal youth - were all symbols used. to wish for a long-life and immortality in real world. All or some of these items were represented in paintings, which resulted in the various kinds of ChangSayng-Do. The main concern of this thesis will be centered around the naturalistic subjects shown in ChangSayng-Do. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter describes the purpose of and need for the research, and its method and scope. The second chapter deals with the origin and style of ChangSayng-Do, and the background of its formation. It is found out that the formative characteristic of ChangSayng-Do lies in the archetype, the unity of man and nature following the traditional view of nature. It is also found out that ChangSayng-Do implied the notions of Supernatural Being, Yin-Yang and Five Elements, Taoism, and Confucianism as well as Korean shamanism. Third chapter is largely about an analytic investigation into symbolic visualization of ChangSayng-Do. Firstly, the subject matters shown in ChangSayng-Do consist of items of wishful omen for long-life and good luck, and any motif in a picture implies a symbolism of eternal youth and long-life. Secondly, the view of colors shown in ChangSayng-Do is closely connected to Five Elements and Five Direction, a traditional oriental philosophy of universe, and these symbolic colors are based on shamanism and Yin/Yang-Five Elements. According to an iconological analysis, it is confirmed that these viewpoints are consistent with formative principles and expressive methods of ChangSayng-Do to some extent. The fourth chapter is one of the most important elements for visualization of ChangSayng-Do. The symbolic meaning of long life and good luck is the major source of its popularity inside the palace as well as among the people in general. The fact that ChangSayng-Do was used to ornament the palace was documented in $\lceil$UiGuey(documents about Chosun dynasty$\rfloor$. Also during the late period of Chosun dynasty, the appreciators of arts had begun to spread from high level class to lower level class, and many pictures represented in $\lceil$Hanyang-Ga$\rfloor$ were the ones produced and circulated for those increased consumers. As for the folk-artistic characteristics, the anonymity and arbitrary naturalness of ChangSayng-Do demonstrates that the folk-artistic elements were fully soaked into the life styles of people in general. ChangSayng-Do further shows that a human being is located in the center of the universe, and that all the natural phenomena and ecology are observed to happen around human beings, and that the results of those happenings are connected to man's course of life. It is discovered that the subject matters of ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty imply another idea inside metaphors and symbols. With regard to the arrangement of time and space, the unity or oneness of oneself with the world is more highly regarded than one's individual subjectivity: there exist multiple times and spaces in a single picture This reveals a wholistic view of oneness which does not permit the division between phenomenon and substance. To conclude, this thesis inquired into ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty focusing on the expression of archetype-symbols. And through the analysis and demonstration, this thesis re-established constructional principles and formative characteristics of ChangSayng-Do and then settled a new phase of ChangSayng-Do, with a deep under-standing of fundamental thoughts of Korean people underlying ChangSayng-Do.

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Chang-Lee-Chiu 익명 인증 기법의 취약성 분석 (Security analysis of Chang-Lee-Chiu's anonymous authentication scheme)

  • 윤택영;박영호
    • 정보보호학회논문지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.191-194
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    • 2009
  • 최근, 익명 인증 서비스를 제공하는 기법이 Chang 등에 의해 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 Chang-Lee-Chiu 익명 인증 기법이 안전하지 않음을 보인다. 취약성을 보이기 위해 사용자의 신원 정보를 쉽게 알아낼 수 있는 공격 방법을 설명한다.

창백산과 칠미창백산의 소염.진통작용에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Chang-Back-San and Chil-Mi-Chang-Back-San)

  • 문영희;박영준;김성민
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 1998
  • Chang-Back-San and Chil-Mi-Chang-Back-San have been used for the treatment of neuralgia and arthritis in traditional medicine. The anti-inflammatory activities of Chang-Back-San and Chil-Mi-Chang-Back-San water extract (CBSE and CCBSE) on the carrageenin induced edema, Corton oil induced granuloma pouch, and adjuvant arthritis in rats were examined. The analgesic effects of the CBSE and CCBSE were also investigated utilizing acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice. The oral administration of CBSE and CCBSE showed to have the anti-inflammatory activities in 1% carrageenin induced edema in rats. They also showed significant inhibitory effects on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. In the method of adjuvant arthritis, they orally administered for 19 days, inhibited the hind paw edema in rats from 3rd day to 19th day, especially CCBSE has the efficacy more than CBSE. They significantly decreased the number of writhing syndromes induced by acetic acid in mice. In the present study, CBSE and CCBSE were indicated to have the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

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2단계 창의 확률화응답기법 (Two stage Chang's randomized response technique)

  • 최경호
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.271-277
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    • 2010
  • 확률화응답기법은 조사과정에서 응답자의 신분보호를 위하여 확률장치가 도입되는 간접질문방식이기 때문에 직접질문에 비하여 정보의 손실이 있게 된다. 그래서 확률장치에 기인한 이러한 손실을 줄여서 추정의 효율을 높이고 얻어진 정보를 좀 더 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 새로운 기법의 개발에 관한 연구가 지속되어 온 바, 2단계 확률화응답기법은 이에 대한 일환으로 고려할 수 있는 방법이다. 한편 Chang 등 (2004) 또한 개선된 강요형기법을 제안하고 Warner (1965)에 비하여 효율적인 조건을 찾았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Chang 등 (2004)의 기법을 2단계로 확장한 모형을 제안하고, Chang 등 (2004) 및 Mangat와 Singh (1990) 등의 2단계기법에 비하여 효율적인 조건을 찾아보았다.

Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications

  • Ying-Chieh Lai;Ching-Yi Hsieh;Yu-Hsiang Juan;Kuan-Ying Lu;Hsien-Ju Lee;Shu-Hang Ng;Yung-Liang Wan;Gigin Lin
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.459-472
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    • 2024
  • Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (13C) MRI represents an innovative approach for noninvasive, real-time assessment of dynamic metabolic flux, with potential integration into routine clinical MRI. The use of [1-13C]pyruvate as a probe and its conversion to [1-13C]lactate constitute an extensively explored metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively outlines the establishment of HP 13C-MRI, covering multidisciplinary team collaboration, hardware prerequisites, probe preparation, hyperpolarization techniques, imaging acquisition, and data analysis. This article discusses the clinical applications of HP 13C-MRI across various anatomical domains, including the brain, heart, skeletal muscle, breast, liver, kidney, pancreas, and prostate. Each section highlights the specific applications and findings pertinent to these regions, emphasizing the potential versatility of HP 13C-MRI in diverse clinical contexts. This review serves as a comprehensive update, bridging technical aspects with clinical applications and offering insights into the ongoing advancements in HP 13C-MRI.