• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1457-1461
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading worldwide source of cancer-related deaths. Although some drugs targeting EGFR mutations have been developed, most advanced cases are still incurable. New targets for anticancer drugs are demanded. The kringle 1 domain of hepatocellular growth factor alpha chain (HGFK1) is a potent anti-angiogenesis factor. It has also emerged as a potential anticancer factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of HGFK1 protein in patients with NSCLC has not been reported to date. Method: Here, we assessed HGFK1 expression by Western blotting in 103 cases with advanced NSCLC to investigate the impact of HGFK1 on survival. Results: Results revealed 33 (30.1%) patients were classified as high expressors, this being significantly associated with less remote metastasis (P = 0.002) but not with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.062). There was also a significant association between HGFK1 expression and tumor size (P = 0.025) as well as clinical stage (P = 0.012). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of patients with HGFK1 expression were longer than those of patients without HGFK1 expression (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001 respectively). HGFK1 reversed gefitinib inhibition in the resistent NSCLC cell line A431/GR but did not inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cells A431 and A431/GR directly. Reversion of gefitinib inhibition in A431/GR cells by HGFK1 was related to decreased phosphorylation of ERK and STAT5. Conclusions: HGFK1 may be a useful prognostic factor of advanced NSCLC patients and a potential drug for gefitinib resistant patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1151-1158
• /
• 2012

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are the major cause of cervical cancer. Hence, HPV genotype detection is a helpful preventive measure to combat cervical cancer. Recently, several HPV detection methods have been developed, each with different sensitivities and specificities. The objective of this study was to compare HPV high risk genotype detection by an electrochemical DNA chip system, a line probe assay (INNO-LiPA) and sequencing of the L1, E1 regions. A total of 361 cervical smears with different cytological findings were subjected to polymerase chain reaction-sequencing and electrochemical DNA chip assessment. Multiple infections were found in 21.9% (79/361) of the specimens, most prevalently in 20-29-year olds while the highest prevalence of HPV infection was found in the 30-39-year age group. The most prevalent genotype was HPV 16 at 28.2% (138/489) followed by HPV 52 at 9.6% (47/489), with the other types occurring at less than 9.0%. The electrochemical DNA chip results were compared with INNO-LiPA and sequencing (E1 and L1 regions) based on random selection of 273 specimens. The results obtained by the three methods were in agreement except for three cases. Direct sequencing detected only one predominant genotype including low risk HPV genotypes. INNO-LiPA identified multiple infections with various specific genotypes including some unclassified-risk genotypes. The electrochemical DNA chip was highly accurate, suitable for detection of single and multiple infections, allowed rapid detection, was less time-consuming and was easier to perform when compared with the other methods. It is concluded that for clinical and epidemiological studies, all genotyping methods are perfectly suitable and provide comparable results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6949-6953
• /
• 2013

Background: Nowadays, the encapsulation of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is attracting interest as a method for drug delivery. We hypothesized that the efficiency of helenalin might be maximized by encapsulation in ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. Helenalin, with a hydrophobic structure obtained from flowers of Arnica chamissonis and Arnica Montana, has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity but low water solubility and bioavailability. ${\beta}$-Cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide comprising seven D-glucopyranoside units, linked through 1,4-glycosidic bonds. Materials and Methods: To test our hypothesis, we prepared ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes to determine their inhibitory effects on telomerase gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and cytotoxic effects by colorimetric cell viability (MTT) assay. Results: MTT assay showed that not only ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin has no cytotoxic effect on its own but also it demonstrated that ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes inhibited the growth of the T47D breast cancer cell line in a time and dose-dependent manner. Our q-PCR results showed that the expression of telomerase gene was effectively reduced as the concentration of ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes increased. Conclusions: ${\beta}$-Cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes exerted cytotoxic effects on T47D cells through down-regulation of telomerase expression and by enhancing Helenalin uptake by cells. Therefore, ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin could be superior carrier for this kind of hydrophobic agent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6261-6265
• /
• 2013

Background: Recent studies have suggested that expression of the RAS protein activator like-1 gene (RASAL1) is decreased in gastric carcinoma tissues and cell lines, indicated a role in tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer. Reduced expression of RASAL1 could result in aberrant increase of activity of RAS signaling pathways in cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism which induces down-regulation of the RASAL1 gene remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the methylation status and regulation of RASAL1 in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), the methylation status of CpG islands in the RASAL1 promoter in gastric cancers and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 40 patients was assessed and its clinicopathological significance was analyzed. The methylation status of RASAL1 in gastric cancer lines MKN-28, SGC-790l, BGC-823, as well as in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-l was also determined after treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-doexycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). RAS activity (GAS-GTP) was assessed through a pull-down method, while protein levels of ERK1/2, a downstream molecule of RAS signaling pathways, were determined by Western blotting. Results: The frequencies of RASAL1 promoter methylation in gastric cancer and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues were 70% (28/40) and 30% (12/40) respectively (P<0.05). There were significantly correlations between RASAL1 promoter methylation with tumor differentiation, tumor size, invasive depth and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (all P<0.05), but no correlation was found for age or gender. Promoter hypermethylation of the RASAL1 gene was detected in MKN-28, SGC-790l and BGC-823 cancer cells, but not in the normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Elevated expression of the RASAL1 protein, a decreased RAS-GTP and p-ERK1/2 protein were detected in three gastric cancer cell lines after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. Conclusions: Aberrant hypermethylation of the RASAL1 gene promoter frequently occurs in gastric cancer tissues and cells. In addition, the demethylating agent 5-Aza-CdR can reverse the hypermethylation of RASAL1 gene and up-regulate the expression of RASAL1 significantly in gastric cancer cells in vivo. Our study suggests that RASAL1 promoter methylation may have a certain relationship with the reduced RASAL1 expression in gastric cancer.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2020

ISO 15118은 전기자동차와 전기차 충전기 사이의 통신을 정의하는 국제 표준이다. 또한 충전 서비스를 이용할 때 사용자를 자동인증하는 기술로써 Plug & Charge(PnC)를 정의하였다. PnC는 전기차 사용자 인증, 충전, 요금 청구 등의 모든 과정이 자동으로 처리되는 자동인증기술을 말한다. 표준에 따르면 충전기와 CPS(Certificate Provisioning Service)의 인증서는 V2G(Vehicle to Grid) Root 인증서의 아래에 있어야 한다. 한국의 경우 한국전력공사가 자체적으로 PKI(Public Key Infrastructure)를 운영하고 있으므로 한전이 제공하는 충전기는 V2G Root 인증서의 아래에 있는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 서로 다른 Root 인증서를 가지고 있을 때에도 인증이 가능한 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 PnC 방식의 인증에 교차 인증서의 적용을 제안한다. 교차 인증서 자동인증은 서로 다른 Root 인증서를 가지더라도 인증이 가능하도록 Root CA의 교차 인증서를 발급하고 인증서 체인에 포함시켜 자동인증을 진행하는 것이다. 교차 인증서 기술을 적용하면 다른 Root 인증서의 아래에 있는 인증서의 검증을 가능하도록 해준다. 본 논문에서는 PnC 방식과 교차 인증서를 적용한 PnC 방식의 자동인증을 구현하여, 두 가지 방식이 모두 사용 가능함을 증명하는 개념 증명을 진행한다. 개발 요구사항과 인증서 프로파일, 사용자 인증 시퀀스를 작성하고, 이에 따라 구현, 실행한다. 이 실험을 통해 두 가지의 자동인증이 실행 가능하고, 특히 교차 인증서를 적용한 PnC 방식의 자동인증의 확장성이 뛰어남을 확인한다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2016

오늘날 우리 주변에는 규모를 가늠할 수 없을 정도로 많은 정보와 데이터가 생산되는 '빅데이터(Big Data)'의 시대가 도래 하였으며, 그 중요성이 날로 커지고 있다. 교통분야에서는 전통적인 통행기반교통모형(Trip-Based Model)인 4단계 교통수요추정법의 한계가 드러나고 있으며, 활동기반교통모형(Activity-Based Model)을 이용한 수요 추정 방법이 교통계획에 새로운 패러다임으로 떠오르고 있다. 교통은 사람이나 물류의 공간상의 시간적 이동을 의미한다고 봤을 때 공간데이터와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 따라서 공간정보를 포함하고 있는 SNS를 대상으로 시계열적 공간정보를 추출하고, 이를 현재의 통행기반교통모형(Trip-Based Model) O/D와 비교 분석하여 그 특성을 파악하고 유용성을 검증하였다. 또한, 활동기반교통모형(Activity-Based Model)의 분석자료를 구축하여 교통시뮬레이터 프로그램을 이용해 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 그 결과를 고찰하였다. 연구결과 다수의 활동기반 교통모형 분석자료를 구축할 수 있었으며, 이번 연구를 통해 교통분야 빅데이터 활용의 기술적 한계를 극복할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였고, 향후 발전방향을 모색하는 기회가 되었다.

• 자연과학논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 1997

PCR 방법을 이용하여 K11 RNA 중합효소를 coding하는 Klebsiella phage gene 1을 cloning 하였고 lac 전사촉진제 조절 하에 발현시켰다. K11 RNA 중합효소는 DAEA-sephacel과 Affigel blue column chromatographies를 사용하는 상용 방법으로 분리하였다. DAEA-sephacel의 0.2-0.3 M $NH_4Cl$ 분획에서 K11 RNA 중합효소의 활성을 보였고, 다음 단계의 Affigel blue column에서 SDS-polyacryl amide gel 상의 단일 band로 분리되었다. K11 RNA 중합효소는 T7 그룹 phage RNA 중합효소로 다른 T7 그룹phage RNA 중합효소와 많은 상동성을 보인다. (대장균 phage T7, T3과 Salmonella tyhimurium phage SP6 RNA 중합효소). 이미 우리는 T7과 SP6 전사촉진제 변이체를 제조한 바 있고 T7과 SP6 RNA 중합효소의 전사촉진제 특이성을 연구한 바 있다 (이상수와 강창원, 1993). K11 RNA 중합효소의 전사촉진제 특이성을 알아보기 위해 SP6 전사촉진제 변이체를 사용하여 in vitro K11 RNA 중합효소의 활성을 측정하였다. 이 변이체 중 K11 전사촉진제와 가장 유사한 것이 가장 높은 K11 RNA 중합효소 활성을 보였다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.267-276
• /
• 2020

Oxirane계 단량체의 양이온 개환 공중합반응으로 합성되는 ECH (ephichorohydrin) 기반 copolyol (PECH copolyol)류의 특성에 대한 반응온도, 용매의 종류 및 개시제에 대한 영향을 연구하였다. 공단량체로는 butylene oxide와 hexylene oxide 두 종류의 알킬렌 옥사이드를 사용하였으며, 중합 조건은 methylene chloride (MC) 용매에서 개시제로 diethylene glycol (DEG)를 사용한 조건과 toluene을 용매에서 tripropylene glycol (TPG)를 개시제로 사용한 두 조건으로 진행하였다. 개환 공중합반응에서 active monomer (AM) mechanism 유도를 위해 단량체는 실린지 펌프를 사용해 IMA (increased monomer addition) 방법으로 주입하였고 중합온도는 -5 ℃에서 실행하였다. 합성된 ephichorohydrin (ECH) 기반 copolyol인 PECH copolyol은 치환반응으로 ECH unit를 아지드화하여 glycidyl azide계 에너지 함유 copolyol (GAP copolyol)로 전환하였다. 합성된 아지드화 코폴리올은 용매와 개시제의 변화에 대한 영향은 크지 않았으며, 분자량은 아지드화 반응 후 평균 500 증가함으로써 GAP 코폴리올이 설계한 대로 중합되었음을 확인하였다. DSC 분석으로 copolyol류의 조성비 변화에 따른 유리전이 온도(glass transition temperature, T_g)의 변화를 측정하였을 때, 공단량체의 함량이 증가할수록 알킬 사슬의 길이에 의한 영향으로 T_g와 점도가 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 아지드화 반응과정에서 생성되는 CH₃N₃의 생성을 원천적으로 방지할 수 있으며, 대규모 공정이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.112-128
• /
• 2003

Since areas of pain and dysfunction of musculoskeletal typically suffered by the patients with back disorders spread all over the body, WBIP(GCM Program) for the primary treatment and management is required. The purpose of this study is to analyze if WBIP(GCM Program) based on the hyper/hypomobility pattern of Four Body Types can identify the effective treatment of back disorders and the effect on the postural balanced restoration of the spine and extremities. Non-specific back disorder is still a major reason for sick leave. And moreover, its been reported that there was often recurrence to the patients whose symptom had been diminished. As a WBIP(GCM Program) based on kinematic chain patterns of Four Body Types, this study gave a new information on the effective diagnosis, treatment and management of non-specific back disorders. 337 patients above the twenty-five years old with the non-specific back disorders at the hospital and oriental medical clinics at Kyungnam and Busan areas in South Korea from August 24th, 2000 to Feb 23rd, 2001 have randomly been assigned to four experimental groups such as Whole Body Intervention Program Group, Physical Therapy Group like modality treatments, Acupuncture-Treatment Group, and Placebo Control Group. According to intervention program applied to the each four group for three times per week(twelve times per 4weeks), as the time-series methods, we compared and evaluated the body status of the pretest with that of post treatment completion of four week, three month, and six month, respectively. As the analytical method of measurement, our researchers used the Moire Interferometry Unit and Postural Kit that could measure the postural balance of spine and extremities. The collection of data was performed in the designated hospital and oriental medical clinics. For the analysis of the data, the SPSS 10.0 package program was used. X2-test has been taken in order to compare and analyze characteristics and GPES of the patients in four experimental groups. Repeated Measure ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test has been adopted in order to compare the effects of the balanced restoration of the spine and extremities among four Groups categorized for this study. Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level of confidence The effect of the balanced restoration on the spine and extremities of the patients with non-specific back disorders has been proved in all of the Groups. As for the restoration degree, however, WBIP(GCM Program) Group produced the highest effectiveness in terms of the fact that it had a dense moire in comparison with the other three Groups and that the Moires of both sides had the same level by the time(p<0.01). WBIP(GCM Program) based on four tilting types of scapular and ilium and hyper/hypomobility pattern took a higher effect on the balanced restoration of the spine and extremities through a whole body as well as the treatment of back disorders than the other three Groups which the usual remedy without classification of body type had been applied to.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.847-858
• /
• 2015

인삼뿌리썩음병에 길항력이 있는 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GR4-5 균주 처리 전 후의 토양 내 Bacillus spp. 밀도 변화를 qPCR을 이용하여 분석하였다. 실내배양시험에서는 GR4-5 균주 처리 직후부터 4주째까지 Bacillus sp. group의 유전자 수가 무처리구보다 약 100배 이상으로 유지되는 경향이었다. 실외매몰시험과 포장시험에서는 유의차는 없었지만 경향으로 보아 GR4-5 처리구와 무처리구의 B. subtilis group 유전자 수가 비슷한 수준이 되는데 걸리는 시간은 7일 내외로 나타났다. 토양에 접종된 미생물의 생존에는 환경요인이 큰 영향을 미치며 그 중에서도 온도와 미생물의 격리 정도가 가장 큰 인자로 추정된다. 또한 GR4-5 균주의 생존에는 토양의 수분 함량 변화보다는 균주 처리 방법에 의한 영향이 더 크게 작용하는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구결과를 고려하면, B. amyloliquefaciens GR4-5 균주를 생물적 방제제로 사용하고자 한다면 7일 간격으로 관주 처리하는 것이 식물병원균 억제 및 근권 정착에 유리한 환경을 조성할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 본 연구에서 제작한 실외 마이크로코즘 시스템은 제어하기 어려운 외부 환경 요인을 최소로 하여 유용미생물의 토양 내 생존 패턴을 분석하기 위한 간편한 방법으로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.