• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2005

Complications following a well conducted epidural steroid injection are rare. A 50-year-old man developed a headache and neck stiffness 2 days after a lumbar epidural steroid injection. Under the impression of aseptic meningitis, fluid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy was started immediately after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. The CSF was turbid, and revealed a white blood cell count, protein, glucose and pressure of $550/{\mu}l$ (98% lymphocyte), 107.9 mg/dl, 48 mg/dl (serum 113 mg/dl) and $17cmH_2O$, respectively. The CSF stain and culture, and antibody test and polymerase chain reaction for pathogens were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed no abnormality, and a chest roentgenogram and the results of the neurological examination were normal. Under the impression of aseptic meningitis, the condition was managed conservatively, without antibiotics. Seven days later, the clinical symptoms had improved, and the patient discharged.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Recently, bicycle has means of effective healthy transportation, and riding the bicycles is considered as popular recreational and sporting activities. Also, the saddle, steering system, driving device and braking device are researched briskly because of consumer's need for driving performance and comfort. Especially, the importance of a cassette responsible for transmission function by transmitting power to the drive shaft through the chain is very focused. The writer conducted structural analysis for the sprocket of each level using the ANSYS widely used for the analysis. Speed shifting performance was enhanced by minimization / simplification of shifting point through a sort of tooth profile of the cassette. By partitioning a clear value type and other shifting point, it has been modified to enable smooth speed-shifting. In addition, as titanium precision forming process, this study studied the molding technique by blanking and dies forging for mass production of the cassette. so it could be expected that the entire drive train would utilize that in the future. The stamping process capability for thin materials for the mass production of the sprockets is applicable to producing automobile parts, so lightweight component production is likely to be possible through that, for the safety of driving.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.107-114
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• 2024

Purpose: The current research investigates historical and future trends of tourist distribution channels in the tourism services business. The research examines historical patterns, current shifts, and new technologies in electricity distribution to offer insight into the distribution dynamics and advice for companies and regulators. Research design, data and methodology: The research in this case specifically employed the PRISMA approach when it comes to the data collection and research methodology. (PRISMA). The process is specifically made up of four steps, such as (1) Identification of Relevant Studies, (2) Screening and Selection Procedures, (3) Data Synthesis and Analysis, and (4) Reporting of Findings. Results: The fast-changing technology offers all opportunities to innovate the sector of tourism services. These upcoming technologies are not just reconstructing the way customers interact and operate but they are also creating room for development. Besides "the utilization of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, and blockchain, the current state of tourism distribution channels also implies some other possible consequences. Conclusions: These research results show that we should not be reluctant about adopting new technologies, we should expand direct booking systems, promote eco-friendly tourism, and use data analytics in order to provide personalized experiences.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.94-101
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• 2024

Construction projects are responsible for significant carbon emissions, accounting for 23% of the world's total emissions. While efforts have been made to reduce these emissions, a comprehensive analysis of these efforts has yet to be conducted, making it difficult to identify research gaps and future directions. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review of 208 papers in the Web of Science (WOS) database using Carbon, Emission, and Construction as keywords. The review was categorized into bibliometric and content analysis. The bibliometric analysis reveals that most papers focus on estimating and assessing carbon emissions through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (34%). The use of construction technologies, such as prefabrication and BIM, which can directly reduce carbon emissions, was limited to only 7% of the reviewed papers. Furthermore, the review revealed that 67% of the studies were conducted in China. Similarly, content analysis revealed the papers' essential findings and limitations in each selected category. Based on these findings, the study 1) suggests the technology applications in tacking, estimating and reducing carbon emissions in the construction supply chain (CSC) and 2) highlights the need for global attention to reducing carbon emissions in construction projects.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.306-319
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to study customer-supplier relationships, particularly their partnerships, to help managers and practitioners successfully design, develop, implement and deploy tools and joint practices as a means for an effective supply chain management (SCM). To achieve this purpose, a total of 1,811 potential survey questionnaire respondents responsible for purchasing, sales/marketing, quality-, and production- or operations-related functions of U.S. private manufacturing companies in SIC 35, 36, and 37 were used to collect quantitative data. Using 172 usable survey questionnaire responses, eight hypothesized relationships were tested using two independent (joint use of specific tools and joint practices) and four dependent variables (informed partners, role integrity, conflict resolution, and mutuality). From the overall perspective (customer+supplier), organizations with higher levels of joint action have higher degrees of informed partners whereas organizations with higher levels of joint action resolve conflicts formally and do not have higher degrees of mutuality.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.973-976
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• 2009

본 논문은 인터넷에서 이뤄지는 콘텐츠의 생성과 유통 활동을 마이클 포터의 가치사슬 모델을 이용하여 2계층 8개 기능으로 설명한다. 2개의 계층은 콘텐츠 생산과 유통 계층, 관리 계층이다. 8개의 기능은 (1) 인터넷관리, (2)콘텐츠 생성, (3)콘텐츠 수집, (4)웹 호스트, (5)인터넷 서비스 제공, (6)검색과 네비게이션, (7)사용자 장치, (8) 인터넷 사용으로 구분한다. 인터넷 가치 사슬 모형의 8개 기능에 대해 (i) 인터넷에서 콘텐츠를 생성 유지 관리하는 활동의 범위와 역할 (ii) 인터넷 가치 사슬의 각 단계에 있는 활동들이 인터넷 상의 소비자 보호에 공헌할 수 있는 가능성의 관점에서 연구를 수행하였다.

• IE interfaces
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2004

We have discussed the importance of collaborative forecasting and the difficulties that can arise during its implementation. We have also proposed the detail process of collaborative forecasting and the system requirement on each step of the process so that the proposed detail process can be easily applied to real life scenario. Lastly, we have talked about a case study of a telecommunication equipment manufacturer that has implemented the proposed collaborative forecasting process that verify the feasibility of the process.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 1997

The liberalization of Korean distribution market will undoubtedly lead to some erosion of market share of indigenous distributors in PC GMS(General Merchandising Store) & all the industries, but to our surprising, the benefits of rationalization of distribution, high qualities & low prices, strengthened competitiveness of indigenous retailers far outweigh the costs. The aim of this paper is to present some basic executive ideas for achieving a more global competitiveness in the 21st century. That is, successful market responsiveness in our distributors & firms will first of all require Dynamic Supply Chain Management at the base of information infrastructure to obtain the best competitive power. Secondly, in practical perspectives, distributors & firms needs to learn precise analysis on the basis of customer needs & wants as well as flexible thinking & proactive attitudes with respect to an freezing markets. In conclusions, win-win strategy in the competition for existence has to retain continuous & close relationship between cooperation and coordination.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.9B
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• pp.783-792
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• 2003

We consider a finite-buffer discrete-time queueing system with fixed-size bulk-service discipline: Geo/ $G^{B}$1/K＋B. The main purpose of this paper is to present a performance analysis of this system that has a wide range of applications in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and other related telecommunication systems. For this purpose, we first derive the departure-epoch probabilities based on the embedded Markov chain method. Next, based on simple rate in and rate out argument, we present stable relationships for the steady-state probabilities of the queue length at different epochs: departure, random, and arrival. Finally, based on these relationships, we present various useful performance measures of interest such as the moments of number of packets in the system at three different epochs and the loss probability. The numerical results are presented for a deterministic service-time distribution - a case that has gained importance in recent years.s.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.175-187
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• 2004

Many companies have integrated their internal processes with the aid of information technology. Now the focus is on interconnecting trading partners. Collaborative commerce (also known as c-Commerce) has a key role. It is not just about making it easier for business to communicate. It is about by breaking down barriers along the entire length of the supply chain. Some c-Commerce links are permanent, others get established when and where they are needed. c-Commerce is helping business in electronic supply chains to improve product delivery while cutting costs, to strengthen relationships and to reduce lead time. In this paper, we propose the concept of collaborative commerce, and design and implement Collaborative Commerce Portal (CCP) system of small and medium enterprise for marketing support. The technical definition of CCP is set of all technical elements can do collaborative commerce between small and medium enterprises with Internet or Internet. The target information of CCP includes usual and unusual information and all other information of companies used as process events. Through this, it enhances efficiency of business processes, core information sharing and marketing activation.