• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.5957-5961
• /
• 2015

Background: We designed this randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess whether lobaplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy might be superior to cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy for FIGO stage II and III cervical cancer in terms of efficacy and safety. Materials and Methods: This prospective, open-label RCT aims to enroll 180 patients with FIGO stage II and III cervical cancer, randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups (cisplatin $15mg/m^2$, cisplatin $20mg/m^2$ and lobaplatin $35mg/m^2$), with 60 patients in each group. All patients will receive external beam irradiation (EBRT) and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT). Patients in cisplatin $15mg/m^2$ and $20mg/m^2$ groups will be administered four cycles of $15mg/m^2$ or $20mg/m^2$ cisplatin intravenously once weekly from the second week to the fifth week during EBRT, while patients inthe lobaplatin $35mg/m^2$ group will be administered two cycles of $35mg/m^2$ lobaplatin intravenously in the second and fifth week respectively during pelvic EBRT. All participants will be followed up for at least 12 months. Complete remission rate and progression-free survival (PFS) will be the primary endpoints. Overall survival (OS), incidence of adverse events (AEs), and quality of life will be the secondary endpoints. Results: Between March 2013 and March 2014, a total of 61 patients with FIGO stage II and III cervical cancer were randomly assigned to cisplatin $15mg/m^2$ group (n=21), cisplatin $20mg/m^2$ group (n=21) and lobaplatin $35mg/m^2$ group (n=19). We conducted a preliminary analysis of the results. Similar rates of complete remission and grades 3-4 gastrointestinal reactions were observed for the three treatment groups (P=0.801 and 0.793, respectively). Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity was more frequent in the lobaplatin group than the cisplatin group. Conclusions: This proposed study will be the first RCT to evaluate whether lobaplatin-based chemoraiotherapy will have beneficial effects, compared with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy, on complete remission rate, PFS, OS, AEs and quality of life for FIGO stage II and III cervical cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.4717-4721
• /
• 2014

Background: Dosimetric comparison of two dimensional (2D) radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) based dose distributions with high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitry radiotherapy (ICRT) for carcinoma cervix, in terms of target coverage and doses to bladder and rectum. Materials and Methods: Sixty four sessions of HDR ICRT were performed in 22 patients. External beam radiotherapy to pelvis at a dose of 50 Gray in 27 fractions followed by HDR ICRT, 21 Grays to point A in 3 sessions, one week apart was planned. All patients underwent 2D-orthogonal and 3D-CT simulation for each session. Treatment plans were generated using 2D-orthogonal images and dose prescription was made at point A. 3D plans were generated using 3D-CT images after delineating target volume and organs at risk. Comparative evaluation of 2D and 3D treatment planning was made for each session in terms of target coverage (dose received by 90%, 95% and 100% of the target volume: D90, D95 and D100 respectively) and doses to bladder and rectum: ICRU-38 bladder and rectum point dose in 2D planning and dose to 0.1cc, 1cc, 2cc, 5cc, and 10cc of bladder and rectum in 3D planning. Results: Mean doses received by 100% and 90% of the target volume were $4.24{\pm}0.63$ and $4.9{\pm}0.56$ Gy respectively. Doses received by 0.1cc, 1cc and 2cc volume of bladder were $2.88{\pm}0.72$, $2.5{\pm}0.65$ and $2.2{\pm}0.57$ times more than the ICRU bladder reference point. Similarly, doses received by 0.1cc, 1cc and 2cc of rectum were $1.80{\pm}0.5$, $1.48{\pm}0.41$ and $1.35{\pm}0.37$ times higher than ICRU rectal reference point. Conclusions: Dosimetric comparative evaluation of 2D and 3D CT based treatment planning for the same brachytherapy session demonstrates underestimation of OAR doses and overestimation of target coverage in 2D treatment planning.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.1713-1718
• /
• 2012

Advanced imaging approaches (computed tomography, CT; magnetic resonance imaging, MRI; $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, FDG PET) have increased roles in cervical cancer staging and management. The recent FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) recommendations encouraged applications to assess the clinical extension of tumors rather than relying on clinical examinations and traditional non-cross sectional investigations. MRI appears to be better than CT for primary tumors and adjacent soft tissue involvement in the pelvis. FDG-PET/CT has increased in usage with a particular benefit for whole body evaluation of tumor metabolic activity. The potential benefits of advanced imaging are assisting selection of treatment based upon actual disease extent, to adequately treat a tumor with minimal normal tissue complications, and to predict the treatment outcomes. Furthermore, sophisticated external radiation treatment and brachytherapy absolutely require advanced imaging for target localization and radiation dose calculation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.6251-6255
• /
• 2012

Radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis are major complications for patients with cervical carcinoma following radiotherapy. In the present study, we aimed to determine the potential risk factors for the development of radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis after irradiation. A total of 1,518 patients with cervical carcinoma received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDRICB) in our hospital. The incidences of radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis were recorded and associations with different factors (age, time period, tumor stage) were analyzed with ${\chi}^2$ (chi-squared) and Fisher exact tests. We found that 161 and 94 patients with cervical carcinoma were diagnosed with radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis, respectively, following radiotherapy. The prevalence of Grade I-II radiation proctitis or radiation cystitis was significantly lower than that of Grade III (radiation proctitis: 3.82% vs. 6.76%, P < 0.05; radiation cystitis: 2.31% vs. 3.87%, P < 0.05) and was significantly enhanced in patients with late stage (IIIb) tumor progression compared to those in early stage (Ib, IIa) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of radiation proctitis and cystitis was not correlated with age or, time period following radiation, for each patient (P > 0.05). These observations indicate that a late stage of tumor progression is a potential risk factor for the incidence of radiation proctitis and cystitis in cervical carcinoma patients receiving radiotherapy.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.553-560
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical risk according to the applicator heterogeneity, mislocation, and tissue heterogeneity correction through a dose verification program during brachytherapy of cervical cancer. We performed image processing with MATLAB on images acquired with CT simulator. The source was modeled and stochiometric calibration and Monte-Carlo algorithm were applied based on dwell time and location to calculate the dose, and the secondary cancer risk was evaluated in the dose verification program. The result calculated by correcting for applicator and tissue heterogeneity showed a maximum dose of about 25% higher. In the bladder, the difference in excess absolute risk according to the heterogeneity correction was not significant. In the rectum, the difference in excess absolute risk was lower than that calculated by correcting applicator and tissue heterogeneity compared to the water-based calculation. In the femur, the water-based calculation result was the lowest, and the result calculated by correcting the applicator and tissue heterogeneity was 10% higher. A maximum of 14% dose difference occurred when the applicator mislocation was 20 mm in the Z-axis. In a future study, it is expected that a system that can independently verify the treatment plan can be developed by automating the interface between the treatment planning system and the dose verification program.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.228-236
• /
• 2002

목적 : 자궁경부암의 고선량률 근접치료는 각 기관마다 분할선량이 매우 다양하게 사용되고 있고 각 분할선량에 따른 치료 결과가 임상적으로 비교된 적이 적었던 바 저자들은 자궁경부암 환자에서 고선량률 근접치료의 분할선량에 따른 국소제어율과 합병증 발생을 비교하여 적정한 분할선량에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 11월부터 1998년 3월까지 자궁경부암으로 진단 후 방사선치료를 시행한 224명을 대상으로 하였다. A군은 122명(수술 후 방사선치료 67명, 근치적 방사선치료 55명)으로 외부방사선 치료 후 고선량률 근접치료의 분할선량을 line-A (선원으로부터 반경 2 cm를 이은 등량선)에 3 Gy를 주당 3회씩 $6\~10$회 조사한 군이었고 B군는 102명(수술 후 방사선치료 49명, 근치적 방사선치료 53명)으로 외부방사선 치료가 시행된 후 분할선량을 line-A에 4 또는 4.5 Gy를 주당 2회씩 $6\~8$회 조사한 군이었다. 외부방사선치료는 10 MV X-선을 이용하여 전골반부에 $45\~54\;Gy$ (중앙값 54 Gy)를 조사하였다. 고선량률 근접치료는 이리디움(iridium)-192를 사용하였다. 합병증은 RTOG morbidity grading system에 따라 grade 1에서 5까지 나누어서 평가하였다. 결과 : A군과 B군의 5년 국소제어율은 각각 $80\%,\;84\%$였고(p=0.4523) B군에서 더 높은 국소제어율을 보였다. 근치적 방사선치료군에서는 A군과 B군의 5년 국소제어율이 각각 $62.9\%,\;76.9\%$ (p=0.2557), 수술 후 방사선치료군에서는 A군과 B군의 5년 국소제어율이 각각 $91.7\%,\;91.6\%$ (p=0.8867)였다. A군에서는 22명$(18.0\%)$에서 합병증이 발생하였고 B군에서는 30명$(29.4\%)$에서 합병증이 발생하였다. 방광에 대한 합병증은 A군에서 12명$(9.8\%)$이 발생하였고 grade 3 이상이 2명이었다. B군에서는 15명$(14.7\%)$에서 합병증이 발생하였으며 grade 3이상이 3명이었다. 직장에 대한 합병증은 A군에서 12명$(9.8\%)$에서 발생하였고 grade 3 이상이 1명이었고 B군에서는 22명$(21.6\%)$에서 발생하였고 grade 3 이상이 10명이었다. 합병증에 대한 단일변량분석에서 고선량률 근접치료의 분할 선량이 작으면 전체 합병증(0=0.0405), 직장의 합병증(0=0.0147), 방광의 합병증(0=0.115)이 감소하였고 수술 후 방사선치료군(p=0.0860) 및 근치적방사선치료군(0=0.0370)에서도 분할선량이 작으면 합병증은 감소하였다. 결론 : 근치적 방사선치료 시 고선량률 근접치료의 적절한 분할선량에 대한 평가는 환자의 병기, 예후인자 등을 고려한 다양한 분할선량에 대한 세분화한 연구가 더 필요할 것이다. 수술 후 방사선치료 시 고선량률 근접치료의 분할선량은 국소제어에 영향을 미치지 않았고 합병증에 대해선 분할선량이 커지면 다소 증가하는 면을 보여 분할선량을 3 Gy로 주 3회 시행하는 것이 하나의 치료 방법이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 1983

The radical treatment of uterine cervical cancer by interacavitary radium or cesium, in combination with teletherapy are well known. Although the result of such treatment should not give rise to complacency, problem of radiation exposure to medical staff had not been resolved. Fortunately, many attempts have been made to reduce this hazard, most of which take the form of afterloading applicators with a suitably shielded radioisotope. In order to avoid hazardous radiation exposure to staffs concerned with brachytherapy, RALS using high intensity source of Co-60, have been employed at Yonsei Cancer Center since May, 1979. It allows rectal and bladder doses to be kept low, while maintaining a satifactory usual dose distribution of the other type of applicators, and the short treatment time allow four or five patients to be treated per hour. It also removes much patient's discomfort and the difficulties of nursing these patients. Since the first introduction in Korea, over seven hundred cases with various stage of uterine cervical cancer have been treated on a radical basis at this center last 4 years. These authors have strongly attracted attention to the results in terms of local control rate, survival s and morbidity compared with those of conventional low dose rate radiotherapy. Retrospective interim analysis of data was preliminarily accomplished through the labored follow-up study of 340 cases treated during initial 2 years and the radiobiologic standpoint of high dose rate intracavitary irradiation will be discussed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2018

Purpose: We compared how doses delivered via two-dimensional (2D) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) and three-dimensional (3D) ICBT varied anatomically. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients who received 30 Gy of 3D ICBT after external radiotherapy (RT) were enrolled. We compared the doses of the actual 3D and 2D ICBT plans among patients grouped according to six anatomical variations: differences in a small-bowel V_2Gy, small bowel circumference, the direction of bladder distension, bladder volume, sigmoid V_3.5Gy, and sigmoid circumference. Seven dose parameters were measured in line with the EMBRACE recommendations. Results: In terms of bladder volume, the bladder and small-bowel D_2cc values were lower in the 150-250 mL bladder volume subgroup; and the rectum, sigmoid, and bladder D_2mL values were all lower in the >250 mL subgroup, for 3D vs. 2D ICBT. In the sigmoid V_3.5Gy >2 _mL subgroup, the sigmoid and bladder D_2mL values were significantly lower for 3D than 2D ICBT. The bladder D_2mL value was also significantly lower for 3D ICBT, as reflected by the sigmoid circumference. In patients with a small bowel V_2.0Gy >10 mL or small bowel circumference >15%, most dose parameters were significantly lower for 3D than 2D ICBT. The bladder distension direction did not significantly affect the doses. Conclusion: Compared to 2D ICBT, a greater bladder volume can reduce the internal 3D ICBT organ dose without affecting the target dose.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2003

For evaluating the feasibility of treating recurrent lesions in the vaginal cuff and cervix by hyperthermia, ultrasound applicators were designed, constructed, and characterized. For the treatment A half-cylindrical transducer Cd=1cm, length=lcm) and cylindrical transducer (d=2.5cm, length= 1.5cm) were used to construct ovoid type and cylindrical applicators. For the ovoid type applicator, each element was operated at 1.5MHz and characterized by measuring transducer efficiency and acoustic power distribution. Thermocouple probes were used to measure the temperature rise in phantom. The element sizes used in this study were selected to be comparable for high dose rate brachytherapy colpostat applicator. Each element was powered separately to achieve a desired temperature pattern in a target. The acoustic output power as a function of applied electric power of the element 1 and 2 was linear over this 1 to 40 W range and efficiencies were 32.2${\pm}$3.4% and 46.2${\pm}$0.8%, respectively. The temperature measurements in phantom showed that 6$^{\circ}C$ temperature rise was achieved at 2 cm from the applicator surface. As a conclusion, the ability of the ultrasound colpostat applicator to be used for hyperthermia was demonstrated by measuring acoustic output power, ultrasound field distribution, and temperature rise in phantom. Based on the characteristics of this applicator, it has the potential to be useful for inducing hyperthermnia to the vaginal cuff in clinic.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.137-140
• /
• 1987

자궁경부암의 고선량율 강내치료의 매 분할 치료시마다 강내 applicator의 위치 차이로 인하여 조사 선량이 치료전 계획된 선량과 차이가 있을 수 있다. 저자는 자궁경부암 환자의 강내치료시 치료전 계획된 A점 선량 500 cGy와 치료직후에 촬영한 전후 및 측면 선 사진을 이용하여 계산된 A점 선량을 비교한 결과, 82예의 강내치료에서 치료 후 계산된 조사 선량과 계획 선량은 $500\pm18 cGy$이었으며 $84\%$에서 $500\pm25 cGy$의 범위에 포함되었다. 이러한 결과에서 계획 선량과 치료 후 계산된 조사 선량사이에 비교적 높은 일치율을 확인할 수 있었다.