• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제49권
• /
• pp.167-188
• /
• 2011

The World Customs Organization (WCO) has designed standards to secure and to facilitate the ever-growing flow of goods in international commerce since 9.11 terrorism in U.S.A. These standards are set forth in the SAFE Framework of Standards, which was adopted by the WCO Council at its 2005 Sessions and the SAFE Framework incorporates the concept of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO), and the Council directed the WCO to develop more detailed implementing provisions for the AEO concept. It is considered to be reliable in customs-related operations and ensures an equivalent level of protection in customs controls for goods brought into or out of the customs territory, whereas it is difficult for many Korean companies to make a decision of introducing the AEO certification programs because of a lack of cost and benefit information. In this article, We have reviewed the definition and the developing status of an AEO programmes and have studied the benefit and expected effect through documentary research methods. Therefore, it is essential for Korean companies to be certified the AEO programmes from Korea customs service for increasing security in international supply chains through risk management and customs compliance, in addition, the key-driver in the future will be expectations from the business community to work with AEO partners.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2002

The aim of this study was to introduce the history and development of German organic farming(Bio-dynamic Agriculture and organic agriculture) which has a worldwide reputation and initiative in organic agriculture. And also the organization of organic producer's or farmer's group such as AGOL, POB, OSL, ALOG & Schweisfurth Stiftung and its regional distribution, the basic standard of organic farming and certification system for organic food, an actual cultivated area for organic forming and organic livestock were also shortly reported. The government subsidizing programmes and Agenda 2000, the extension services for organic farming by government and private level, the research activities of organic agriculture by governmental research body(FAL) and universities, the education system for organic agriculture in the German universities(University of Bonn, Gesamthochschule Kassel, University of Hohenheim, University of Gie$\beta$en and etc) were also explained. In the conclusion it was suggested several issues what should be considered to facilitate an organic farming in Korea in the view of organic production, marketing, distributing, extension and organic processing.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 1995

In July 1993 a new prescription of the EC was finished, concerning the voluntary participation of enterprises in a common auditing system. By this in the EC-member countries there must be founded centers of environmental auditing where experienced experts of environmental auditing should be accredited. These accredited experts are controllers for evaluating and certification of carried out environmental-auditings. An environmental-auditing practically represents an environmental assessment for an already existing enterprise with establishing corresponding programmes and strategies for the internal management to improve the environmental relations. Much experiences, which could be collected in the field of EIA during the last years may be transfered to this new task immediately. Only an essential difference there should not be overseen because of national legislation EIA in the defined cases must be carried out. By the EC-prescription carrying out an environmental-auditing for an enterprise is optional, it is recommended only. It was not introduced as a must. In spite of this fact because of the hard competition on the market there will be developed a pressure for the enterprises, to carry out such environmental-auditings. At present already a number of first projects in this direction can be seen, in the first line above all enterprises with the necessary economic power want to use this possibility, to gain better positions on the market. We have already gathered the first experiences in this field. We arranged corresponding contacts to several enterprises within the surroundings of Dresden. Within an opening discussion, where the project is explained and discussed with the management of the enterprise very detailed, the understanding, the readiness and the cooperation for the project are generated necessary prerequesits for the success of the whole work. By means of careful detail-work in collaboration with all departments and on all levels of the enterprise the total mass and energy-balances of the factory established and analysed. There are included also such ranges like material delivery, personal policy, public relations and sale as well as waste management. It is important that all people working in the factory have the feeling to be our partners, and not to have the impression to be checked or controled by an outside organization. This one of the most important factors of environmental auditing, in order to wake up and to develop a common interest on all sides. At the end of the environmental auditing there will be according to the prescription of the EC a catalogue of measures to do immediately, short time, mean time and long time for improvement of the environmental situation of the enterprise. All proposals are made in connection with a corresponding economic evaluation. These measures and programmes are declared as the environmental manual and are the basis for the work of the environmental management of the enterprise for the next three years. According to the EC-prescription, the enterprise with this environmental manual can get a corresponding certificate, which may be used for public relation purposes.

• 기술혁신학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.358-386
• /
• 2015

본 논문에서는 유사한 성격을 지닌 정부 혁신 정책의 이중지원으로 발생하는 중복효과에 대해서 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 혁신형 중소기업에 대한 대표적인 지원정책인 벤처인증정책과 이노비즈인증 정책을 대상으로 중복지원의 효과에 대한 분석을 수행하였으며, 특히 혁신형 중소기업들이 다수 분포되어 있는 ICT 산업에 초점을 맞추어 논의를 진행하였다. 또한 정부의 정책 지원에 따른 성과 평가를 함에 있어서 흔히 발생할 수 있는 선택편의 문제를 해결하기 위해 성향점수매칭법(Propensity score matching)을 활용하였다. 분석 결과를 살펴보면 두 정책을 중복으로 지원받고 있는 기업들은 하나의 정책만을 지원받는 기업들보다 기업의 성장성, 자금조달능력, 혁신성 등에서 양의 효과가 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과를 그대로 받아들이면 인증 정책의 중복 지원은 크게 문제가 되지 않는 것으로 해석될 수 있다. 하지만 본 논문에서 제시하고 있는 중복 효과 개념에서 바라보면 이 결과는 다른 해석이 가능하다. 우선, 기업의 성장성을 보여주는 종업원수 증가율에서 벤처인증과 이노비즈인증은 시너지 효과가 나타났는데, 이는 정부로부터의 복수의 지원을 받은 기업들이 고용 시장에 더 유리한 위치를 선점할 수 있다는 것을 보여주는 결과이다. 반면, 기업의 자금조달능력이나 혁신성 지표에서는 중복 효과는 비효율적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 정부가 정책을 지원함에 있어서 이미 정책 지원을 받고 있는 기업에게 정책을 중복하여 지원하는 방식보다는 아직 정부로부터 정책 지원을 받지 못한 기업들에게 지원하는 방식이 더 큰 정책 효과를 보일 수 있음을 시사하는 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 특히, 벤처인증이나 이노비즈인증은 기업의 혁신역량을 강화하려는 목표를 가지고 있다는 점에서 지원 받은 기업의 혁신성과가 더 크게 나타날 수 있도록 관련 협회 간 기능 조정이나 제도 정비가 필요할 것이다.