• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2018

In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis purified from honeybee hives, on photothrombotic cortical ischemic injury in mice. Permanent focal ischemia was achieved in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices of anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice by irradiation of the skull with cold light laser in combination with systemic administration of rose bengal. The animals were treated with CAPE (0.5-5 mg/kg, i.p.) twice 1 and 6 h after ischemic insult. CAPE significantly reduced the infarct size as well as the expression of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, hypoxiainducible $factor-1{\alpha}$ monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, $interleukin-1{\alpha}$, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the photothrombosis. Moreover, it induced an increase in heme oxygenase-1 immunoreactivity and interleukin-10 expression. These results suggest that CAPE exerts a remarkable neuroprotective effect on ischemic brain injury via its anti-inflammatory properties, thereby providing a benefit to the therapy of cerebral infarction.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2002

Cheonghunhwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CHTGR was CHT adding Gastrodae Rhizoma. The effects of CHTGR on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. A comparative Study of action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the cerebral hemodynamics is not known too. Therefore, purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP, compare action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP. The changes of rCBF and BP was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; CHT extract was increased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but was not changed MABP compared with CHT non-treated group. CHTGR extract was decreased rCBF and MABP compared with CHTGR non-treated group in a dose-dependent. Action of CHT is not related with adrenergic β-receptor, cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase, but action of CHTGR is related with guanylate cyclase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1394-1400
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Samul-tang Extract and Bambusae caulis in liquamen(SEB) on the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats. The results were as follows ; SBE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggests that SBE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. Increase of SBE-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and increase of SBE-induced rCBF was inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue ($10\;{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. Increase of SBE-induced MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with methylene blue but increase of SBE-induced MABP was decreased by pretreatment with indomethacin. These results suggested that the action of SBE was mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate whether matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors attenuate neuroinflammation in an ischemic brain following photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized, and Rose Bengal was systemically administered. Permanent focal ischemia was induced in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices by irradiating the skull with cold white light. MMP inhibitors, such as doxycycline, minocycline, and batimastat, significantly reduced the cerebral infarct size, and the expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). However, they had no effect on the expressions of heme oxygenase-1 and neuroglobin in the ischemic cortex. These results suggest that MMP inhibitors attenuate ischemic brain injury by decreasing the expression levels of MCP-1, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IDO, thereby providing a therapeutic benefit against cerebral ischemia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1599-1603
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• 2005

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Leonuri herba extract (LHE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of LHE. The results in normal rats were as follows, LHE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and MABP did not change in a dose-dependent manner. This results were suggested that LHE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. The LHE-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by Pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and was significantly inhibited by methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. The LHE-induced MABP did not change by pretreatment with indomethacin but was significantly inhibited by methylene blue. This results were suggested that the mechanism of LHE was mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1538-1542
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• 2006

The study was designed to investigate the effects of MokhwyangJoki-san Extract (MJSE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of MJSE. The results in normal rats were as follows ; MJSE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and MABP did not change in a dose-dependent manner. This results were suggested that MJSE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. The MJSE-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (10 ${\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and was not changed by indomethacin (1 ${\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitro of cyclooxygenase. The MJSE-was not changed MABP was decreased by pretreatment with indomethacin but was not changed by methylene blue. This results were suggested that the mechanism of MJSE was mediated by guanylate cyclase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1339-1342
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• 2003

CVA is a kind of cerebrovascular disease which has a few local functional lesions of brain tissue, and it is generally caused by cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and so on. It is also known as a stroke of paralysis, which leaves a lot of sequelae in a patient such as lesion of movement, perceiving, memory, sense, emotion, etc. A CVA patient which has a sequela, the sense disorder of equilibrium, took the Saam Acupuncture Therapy and Dr. Dong's Acupuncture Therapy, and then he was cured.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2015

Orthostatic hypotension is most common in elderly people, and its prevalence increases with age. Attenuation of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex (VSR) is commonly associated with orthostatic hypotension. In this study, we investigated the role of glutamate on the vestibulo-solitary projection of the VSR pathway to clarify the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension. Blood pressure and expression of both pERK and c-Fos protein were evaluated in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) after microinjection of glutamate into the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) in conscious rats with sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension that received baroreceptor unloading via sinoaortic denervation (SAD). SNP-induced hypotension increased the expression of both pERK and c-Fos protein in the NTS, which was abolished by pretreatment with glutamate receptor antagonists (MK801 or CNQX) in the MVN. Microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists (NMDA or AMPA) into the MVN increased the expression of both pERK and c-Fos protein in the NTS without causing changes in blood pressure. These results indicate that both NMDA and AMPA receptors play a significant role in the vestibulo-solitary projection of the VSR pathway for maintaining blood pressure, and that glutamatergic transmission in this projection might play a key role in the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.891-897
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• 2007

This experimental Study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Acanthopanacis Cortex Roots(ACR) 50% ethyl alcohol extract on the improvement of regional cerebral blood flow and cytokines production in cerebral ischemic rats. And was designed to investigate whether ACR inhibits lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells The results were as follows; ACR significantly inhibited LDH activity in neuronal cells. These results suggest that ACR prevents the neuronal death. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by ACR(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion, experimental group was significantly decreased $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, and significantly increased IL-10 production compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after reperfusion, experimental group was significantly decreased $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, and significantly increased IL-10 production compared with control group. According to above results, the author suggest that ACR had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics, and inhibitive effect on the brain damage by inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, and accelerated IL-10 production.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.870-870
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• 2005