• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2005

고양이 뇌 지방색전증을 유발한 후 자기공명 관류영상기법을 이용하여 대뇌혈류량을 정량적으로 분석하고 동적특성 변화를 구현 할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 고양이 20마리를 대상으로 한쪽 내경동맥에 리노레익 (n=11)을 주입하여 뇌 지방색전을 유발시켰고, 대조군으로는 이바론 입자 (n=9)를 주입하여 색전이 유발되게 하였다. 그 후 30분과 2시간에 각각 T2강조, 확산강조영상을 획득하고 가장 색전이 많이 일어난 부위에서 관류강조영상을 획득하였다. 획득한 데이터는 IDL 소프트웨어와 자체 개발한 영상처리 알고리즘을 이용하여 신호강도 곡선을 ${\Delta}R_2^*$ 곡선으로 변환한 후 적분하여 뇌혈류량을 측정하였다. 실험군에서 병변부위의 뇌혈류량은 정상부위에 비해 감소하였으며, 뇌혈류량 비는 시간경과에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다 (P<0.005). 뇌 지방색전증의 초기에는 혈류량이 감소하였으나, 2시간에서는 30분에 비해 뇌혈류량이 다소 증가됨을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 뇌경색 발생시 조기에 자기공명확산 및 관류강조영상을 획득하여 개발한 영상처리 알고리즘을 적용하여 뇌 혈류량의 다양한 동적변화 특성 및 혈류역학적 변화를 상대적 관류도 맵으로 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2004

자기공명 관류영상기법을 이용하여 고양이 뇌 지방색전증 유발한 후 대뇌혈류량을 정량적으로 분석하고 동적특성 변화를 구현하고자 하였다. 고양이 44마리를 대상으로 일측 내경동맥에 트리올레인 (n=15), 올레익 (n=9) 및 리노레익 (n=11)을 주입하여 뇌 지방색전을 유발시켰고, 대조군으로는 이바론 입자 (n=9)를 주입하여 색전이 유발되게 하였다. 그 후 30분과 2시간에 각각 T2강조, 확산강조영상을 획득하고 가장 색전이 많이 일어난 부위에서 관류강조영상을 얻었다. 획득한 데이터는 자체 개발한 영상처리 프로그램과 IDL 소프트웨어를 이용하여 신호강도 곡선을 ΔR$_2$＊ 곡선으로 변환한 후 적분하여 뇌혈류량을 측정하였다. 모든 군에서 병변부위의 뇌혈류량은 정상부위에 비해 감소하였다. 실험 각 군별 뇌혈류량 비는 시간경과에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며 (P＜0.005), 2시간에서는 30분에 비해 뇌혈류량이 다소 회복되었다. 뇌 지방색전증의 초기에는 혈류량이 감소하였다. 뇌경색 발생시 조기에 DWI와 PWI을 획득하여 뇌 혈류량의 다양한 동적변화 특성 및 혈류역학적 변화에 대한 정보를 임상적으로 제공 할 수 있으리라 여겨진다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2000

목적: 정상 가토의 뇌혈류를 측정하고자 자기공명영상 기법중 스캔시간이 훨씬 짧은 single shot gradient echo-planar 기법을 관류강조영상에 적용하여 뇌혈류량 측정법의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 몸무게 2.1-3.6kg의 가토 24마리를 실험군으로 채택하고, 실험군을 소아용 위치 잡이에 복와위로 눕힌 후 관류강조영상을 획득하였다. 관류강조영상 획득은 매 1초마다 연속하여 한 단면당 44초가지 44개의 영상을 얻었다. 스캔 시작 후 4초 경과시 조영제 Gd-DTPA 2ml를 빠른 속도로 경정맥 주입 후 연속하여 식염수 5ml를 경정맥 주입하였으며, 한 가토에서 동일한 방법으로 약 30분 간격으로 2회씩 실시하였다. 영상은 두정부 대뇌피질, 궁룡부 대뇌피 질 두 부위와 기저핵 한 부위에서 약 $3-5{\textrm{mm}^2}$의 면적으로 선택한 후, 시간 경과에 따른 신호강도의 변화를 보여주는 커브를 구하였다 이 영상을 PC로 전송한 후 자체 개발한 영상처리 프로그램과 IDL 소프트웨어를 이용하여 상대적 및 국소 뇌혈류량을 구하였다. 결과: 실험군으로 채택한 가토 총 24마리중 22마리에서 만족할 만한 1-2회의 시간-신호강도 곡선을 얻었다. 획득한 데이터는 두정부 대뇌피질 두 곳과 기저 핵에서 시간의 경과에 따른 신호강도의 변화를 측정하고, 이들 부위의 국소 뇌혈류 용적 및 조영제의 잔류 시간을 구하였다. 평균 국소 뇌혈류량 용적비는 궁륭부 대뇌피질에서는 $0.97{\pm}0.35$, 기저 핵에서는 $0.99{\pm}0.37$이었으며, 조영제의 펑균 잔류시간은 궁룡부 대뇌피질에서는 $9.83{\pm}1.63초$, 기저핵에서는 $9.42{\pm}1.14$초로서 두 부위간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 궁룡부 대뇌피질과 기저 핵에서 평균 국소 뇌혈류량 용적비와 조영제 평균잔류 시간의 차이는 없었다. 그러므로 PWI가 뇌혈류량 측정에 유용하며 허혈성 질환의 조기진단 및 예후 추정에 이용될 수 있다. 향후 정상조직과 뇌경색이 유발 된 조직의 rCBV차이를 비교할 수 있으며, DWI 소견과 경색 환자에 적용하면 뇌혈류 변화 분석에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2007

Psychological and physiological effects of plants were studied by investigating human responses while observing plants. Eighteen healthy adult male(aged between $19{\sim}25$ years) participated in this study. Semantic differential method(SD method) and multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) were used to survey verbal and non-verbal response, respectively. Cerebral hemodynamics as a new evaluation index of brain activity was recorded for right brain hemisphere where visual information is mainly delivered. Thirty seconds of cerebral blood flow in forty seven channels were calculated when watching five types of picture images with different rates of hedge against gray block wall; 0:10, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 10:0. In the SD results, similar evaluations were found in all subjects. However, the change of cerebral hemodynamics as a non-verbal response varied among subjects. Largely two patterns of hemodynamics change were found with increasing plants rate in picture images; group A showed significant decreases of blood flow volume in many cortical regions, Group B had significant increase of blood flow volume in the occipital region for the scenes seen comparatively more plant. Our findings on the cerebral hemodynamics may indicate that there are two patterns of brain activity during observation of plants; group A in which brain areas associated with visual information and thinking work simultaneously to the visual stimuli; group B in which brain areas associated only with visual information work.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2001

This study demonstrates the effects of Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang, Sasang constitutional herb prescription reported its clinical effect on the stroke of the So-yang In(少陽人), on the cerebral blood flow changes induced by nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment and ischemic brain damage induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rats. The changes of the arterial blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, and the diameter of the pial artery were measured in rats treated with L-NAME. And the changes of the infarct size, volume, and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) levels were measured in the rats that the middle cerebral artery has been occluded by the intraluminal suture thread method. Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang was administered by the i.v. injection on the L-NAME treated rats, by the i.o. administration on the MCAO rats. The results is 1. The changes of the arterial blood pressure was not different statistically between in the L-NAME treated control group and in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group. 2. Increase in the cerebral blood flow induced by L-NAME treatment was attenuated in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group significantly (P<0.05) as compared with the L-NAME treated control group. 3. Decrease in the diameter of the pial artery induced by L-NAME treatment was attenuated about 18% in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared with the L-NAME treated control group. 4. Ischemic damaged infarct areas were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the interaural 12mm, 10mm, and 6mm brain sections of the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group. 5. Total ischemic infarct volume was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group. 6. Plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2009

목 적 : 관류 자기공명영상(perfusion MRI)을 이용하여 대뇌(cerebral)에서 혈액뇌장벽의 파괴로 인하여 조영제가 혈관내에서 조직으로 빠져 나가는 투과성과 상대적 뇌혈류량을 영상화 해보고, 이 영상을 이용하여 구한 투과성비와 상대적 뇌혈류량비가 종양의 악성등급 평가와 감별진단에 어떠한 유용성이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 영상의학진단과 병리조직검사로 진단된 29명을 대상으로 뇌종양이 포함된 550(11 silce $\times$ 50 image)관류 자기공명영상을 3T기기에 장착된 프로그램으로 상대적 뇌혈류량을 영상화 하였고, 다른 한 방법은 개인 컴퓨터에 영상을 전송 후 IDL 6.2 프로그램을 이용하여 상대적 뇌혈류량(relative cerebral blood volume-reformulated singular value decomposition, rCBV-rSVD)과 투과성을 영상화 하였다. 그 영상을 이용하여 동일한 관심영역으로 화소별 평균 신호강도를 정량적(quantitative analysis)으로 측정하여 비모수적 통계인 Kruskal-wallis test를 통해 뇌종양별로 평균비교 분석을 하였다. 결과 : 상대적 뇌혈류량영상과 투과성영상을 이용하여 동일한 관심영역으로 정상부위와 종양부위의 정량적으로 분석한 상대적 뇌혈류량 비 와 (3T 기기자체 분석한 값, IDL 6.2로 분석한 값) 투과성비에서 고등급 성상세포종(n=4)의 경우 (14.75, 19.25) 13.13, 저등급 성상세포종(n=5) (14.80, 15.90) 11.60, 아세포종(n=5) (10.90, 18.60) 22.00, 전이성 뇌종양(n=6) (11.00, 15.08) 22.33, 수막종(n=6) (18.58, 7.67) 5.58, 핍돌기 신경교종(n=3) (23.33, 16.33) 15.67로 나타났다. 결론 : 종양별로 상대적 혈류량영상을 이용하여 측정한 상대적 뇌혈류량 비는 등급을 분류하기에 용이하지 않았지만, 투과성영상으로 측정한 투과성비는 종양 악성정도가 높을수록 높은 것으로 나타나 종양의 등급 평가와 감별진단에 유용하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Sasim-tang water extract on the cardiovascular systems including changes of blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow volume (rCBF) in male Sprague-Dawely rats. Methods : The changes of blood pressure were recorded by data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The changes of rCBF were observed by Laser-Doppler flowmetry through a opened cranial window. Results : 1. The changes of blood pressure was not affected by Sasim-tang extract intravenous injection in rats. 2. After pretreatment with propranolol(3mg/kg), L-NNA(10mg/kg) and 000(10mg/kg), the changes of blood pressure was not affected by Sasim tang extract intravenous injection in rats. 3. The changes of rCBF was increased in dose-dependent manner by Sasim-tang extract intravenous injection in rats. 4, After pretreatment with propranolol(3mg/kg), ODQ(10mg/kg) and L-NNA(10mg/kg), rCBF was significantly decreased in dose- dependent manner by Sasim-tang extract intravenous injection in rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that Sasim-tang was related to the regulation of the sympathetic nerve system, nitric oxide synthesis and synthesis of cyclic GMP.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2004

To measure regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with perfusion MR imaging of cerebral fat embolism by neutral fat and free fatty acids in cats. Triolein (group 1, n=15), oleic acid (group 2, n=9) and linoleic acid (group 3, n=11) were infused into unilateral internal carotid artery using microcatheter through the transfemoral approach. PVA particle was used as a non-fat embolic material in a control group (group 4, n=9). Perfusion-weighted MR image was obtained at 30 minutes and 2 hours postembolization, based on T2-and diffusion-weighted images. The data of lesion and contralateral normal area were transferred to personal computer, time-to-signal intensity curve was drawn and trans for used to △R2/sup */ curve in regular order. The process in the personal computer was done by using the author's developmental image processing program and interactive data language (IDL) softwares. Statistical significance was approved by paired t-test and ANOVA. rCBV of the lesion was decreased comparing to the normal area in all groups. The ratios of rCBV were as follows (group No, at 30 minutes, at 2 hours); group 1,32％, 51％; group 2, 30％, 44％; group 3, 39％, 61％; group 4, 21％, 36％. rCBVs of 2 hours was significantly increased compared to those of 30 minutes in all groups (P<0.005). rCBV was decreased at 30 minutes in cerebral fat embolism and recovered a little, but significantly at 2 hours. Perfusion-weighted images was useful method in offering hemodynamic information in cerebral fat embolism.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2023

Background: We aimed to identify any differences in the structural covariance network based on structural volume and those in the functional network based on cerebral blood flow between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of pain in patients with episodic migraine without aura. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 27 patients with migraine without aura, all of whom had unilateral migraine pain. We defined the ipsilateral hemisphere as the side of migraine pain. We measured structural volumes on three-dimensional T1-weighted images and cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. We then analyzed the structural covariance network based on structural volume and the functional network based on cerebral blood flow using graph theory. Results: There were no significant differences in structural volume or cerebral blood flow between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. However, there were significant differences between the hemispheres in the structural covariance network and the functional network. In the structural covariance network, the betweenness centrality of the thalamus was lower in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere. In the functional network, the betweenness centrality of the anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus was lower in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere, while that of the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus was higher in the former hemisphere. Conclusions: The present findings indicate that there are significant differences in the structural covariance network and the functional network between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of pain in patients with episodic migraine without aura.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate hemodynamics of intracranial blood flow for obtain clinically useful reference values and assess cerebral hemodynamics change with aging. 81 normal Korean subjects(age, 14$\thicksim\∼\thicksim$70 years) examined who han no history of neurologic disease and the subjects divided into group A(age, 14$\∼$39 years), group B(age, 40$\∼$59 years) and group C(age, 60$\∼$70 years). Transcranial doppler was use for measured the maximum velocity(Vmax), mean velocity(Vmean), pulsatility index(PI), resistive index(RI), stenosis index(SI) and depth of sample volume. Vmax was 99.1 1cm/s, Vmean was 63.57cm/s, PI was 0.85, RI was 0.56, SI was 31.94 and depth of sample volume was 52.35 in middle cerebral artery. Vmax was 85.54cm/s, Vmean was 52.52cm/s, PI was 0.82, RI was 0.55, SI was 34.48 and depth of sample volume was 73.62 in anterior cerebral artery. Vmax was 75.45cm/s, Vmean was 45.60cm/s, PI was 0.82, RI was 0.58, SI was 36.14 and depth of sample volume was 62.35 in posterior cerebral artery. Vmax was 70.44cm/s, Vmean was 47.07cm/s, PI was 0.87, RI was 0.58, SI was 29.83 and depth of sample volume was 75.23 in basilar artery Vmax was 63.92, Vmean was 42.42, PI was 0.89, RI was 0.58, SI was 29.89 and depth of sample volume was 66.65 in vertebral artery. Vmax and Vmean was significantly decreased with increasing age in middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery And PI and RI was significantly increased with increasing age in basilar artery and vertebral artery. And I suggest that transcranial doppler sonography can be used as one of useful clinical tool for detection of cerebral hemodynamics.