• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.18-26
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at acupoints suggested by oriental medicine to be related to the treatment of cerebrovascuiar diseases. Materials and Methods : Rest/electroaeupuncture-stimulation Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT using a same-dose subtraction method was performed on 5 normal male volunteers (age range from 27 to 30 years) using electroacupuncture at acupoint, ST 36. In the control study, needle location was chosen on a non-meridian focus 1cm posterior to the right fibular head. All images were spatially normalized and the differences between rest and acupuncture stimulation were statistically analyzed using SPM$^{(R)}$ for Windows$^{(R)}$. Results : Electroacupuncture applied at ST36 increased rCBF in the left hemisphere, that is, the left parietal lobe(angular gyrus), the left temporal lobe, the left inferior frontal lobe around rectus gyrus and the left cerebellar hemisphere, a part of the left inferior frontal lobe. In the control stimulation, no significant rCBF increase was observed. Conclusion : The results demonstrate that electroacupuncture increases rCBF in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-56
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• 2012

Purpose: Dandy-Walker syndrome is a rare congenital brain malformation that occurs one in every 25,000-35,000 live births, mostly in females. It is characterized by cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle, agenesis or hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In this report, the authors aimed to address a rare case of a 14-months-old female Dandy-Walker syndrome patient that is presented with submucous cleft palate. Methods: A 14-months-old female patient admitted to our outpatient clinic, via the department of pediatrics, with the complaints of nasal regurgitation, choking and breathing difficulties. She was diagnosed as Dandy-Walker syndrome by magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, at another hospital and underwent a shunt operation for the hydrocephalus continuing treatments. On physical examination, she had structural abnormality of bifid uvula, and palpable notch in the posterior surface of the hard palate. Her submucous cleft palate was corrected, which used a double opposing Z-plasty under general anesthesia. Results: In a follow-up period of 2 months, no complications, such as wound dehiscence, necrosis and infection occurred, which shows satisfactory results. She consulted with pediatric neurologists and physical therapists for further evaluation and management of the abnormalities in the central nervous system. Conclusion: Dandy-Walker syndrome patient with a cleft palate is a very rare case to find, which only a few cases are reported around the world. Authors would like to share this case of Dandy-Walker syndrome patient, with submucous cleft palate, who underwent a double opposing Z-plasty that shows satisfactory results.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.377-383
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• 1999

The anemia which is accompanied with chronic primary diseases has been showed most frequently in the clinic. The purpose of this study is to give an account of the effects of the Korean herbal medicine therapy which is based on the constitutional medicine for the patient who has suffered from mild anemia, pneumonia and general depressed condition in the chronic stage of post-cerebellar hemorrhage. The subject is a 75-year-old woman who has had the symptoms caused by hemorrhage, which are headache, dizziness, walking disturbance, dysphasia, and general weakness and so forth. Therefore, she has normocytic normochromic anemia in the hematomancy. We have diagnosed her as Soeumin(少陰人) Ulkwangjeung(鬱狂症) and have prescribed Palmulgunjatang(八物君子湯) in accordance with the principle of Seungyangikgi(升陽益氣). The consequence is that the accompanied anemia and genseal depressed condition have improved.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 1995

The levels of extracellualr glutamate, intracellular $Ca^{2+}\;([Ca2+]_i)$ and cGMP were determined for 1 h with the excitatory amino acids, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or kainate in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Both NMDA and kainate produced a time-dependent release of glutamate, and kainate was more potent than NMDA in glutamate elevation. The elevation of extracellular glutamate was not purely governed by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. However, in opposite to the time-dependent elevation of glutamate, the elevation of cGMP by NMDA and kainate were at maximum level in short-time (1 min) incubation then remarkably decreased with longer incubation times. Post-applications (30 min after agonist) of EAA antagonist did not block EAAs-induced glutamate elevation. However, NMDA antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), blocked NMDA-induced cGMP elevation at pre- or post-application, but kainate antagonist, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), paradoxically augmented kainate-induced cGMP elevation for 1 h incubation. These results show that NMDA or kainate induces time-dependent elevations of extracellular glutamate, while the elevations of cGMP by these EAAs are remarkably decreased with longer incubation times. However, NMDA- arid kainate-indcued glutamate release was blocked by pre-application of each receptor antagonist but not by post-application while EAA-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was blocked by post-application of antagonist. These observations suggest that EAA-induced elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ is not parallel with elevation of glutamate release or cGMP.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.395-400
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• 2017

The paper discussed the air-to-fuel ratio control of automotive fuel-injection systems using the cerebellar model articulation controller(CMAC) neural network. Because of the internal combustion engines and fuel-injection's dynamics is extremely nonlinear, it leads to the discontinuous of the fuel-injection and the traditional method of control based on table look up has the question of control accuracy low. The advantages about CMAC neural network are distributed storage information, parallel processing information, self-organizing and self-educated function. The unique structure of CMAC neural network and the processing method lets it have extensive application. In addition, by analyzing the output characteristics of oxygen sensor, calculating the rate of fuel-injection to maintain the air-to-fuel ratio. The CMAC may easily compensate for time delay. Experimental results proved that the way is more good than traditional for petrol control and the CMAC fuel-injection controller can keep ideal mixing ratio (A/F) for engine at any working conditions. The performance of power and economy is evidently improved.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2014

Traditionally, cervical interventions have been performed under fluoroscopy. But radiation exposure is the major concern when obtaining fluoroscopic images and even under real-time fluoroscopy with contrast media or CT guidance, some cases of serious spinal cord injuries, cerebellar and brain stem infarction have been reported by unintentional intra-arterial injections especially during the transforaminal root blocks. Recently, the use of ultrasound-guided cervical interventions have increased. Ultrasound offers visualization of soft tissues including major neurovascular structures and also allows to observe the spread of injectant materials around the target structure. Ultrasound is radiation free, easy to use and the image can be performed continuously while the injectant is visualized in real-time, increasing the precision of injection. Importantly, ultrasound allows visualization of major nerves and vessels and thus leads to improve safety of cervical interventions by decreasing the incidence of injury or injection into nearby vasculature. We therefore reviewed to investigate the feasibility of performing cervical interventions under real-time ultrasound guidance.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.477-482
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• 2001

Tremor refers to rhythmic shaking of a body part. Tremor is a symptom of many disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, orthostatic tremor, cerebellar disease, peripheral neuropathy and alcohol withdrawal. Tremors may be classified as postural, rest or action tremors. Symptomatic treatment is tailored to the tremor type. Because Dansambohyul-tang has been used to treat patients differentiated with an insufficiency of the heart and the spleen(心脾兩虛) in oriental medicine, we treated a 78 year-old female patient who suffered from tremor in mouth, chin and hand and insomnia, with improvement of general condition, who was differentiated with an insufficiency of the heart and the spleen(心脾兩虛) with Dansambohyul-tang, herb complex. After 78 days of treatment with Dansambohyul-tang and some other herb complex, we observed improvement of tremor, insomnia and general condition So Dansambohyul-tang shows therapeutic effects on tremor.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyse brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) wave change data during microvascular decompression (MVD). The nerve function of Cranial Nerve VIII is at risk during MVD. Intraoperative monitoring of BAEP can be a useful tool to decrease the danger of hearing loss. Between January and December 2009, 242 patients had MVD for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Among intraoperative BAEP changes, amplitude of V-V' was the most frequently observed during cerebellar retraction and decompression step of the MVD procedure. 138 patients (57%) had no BAEP change while 104 patients (42.98%) had BAEP change. 69 patients (28.5%) had Type A-I, 16 patients (6.6%) had Type A-II, 5 patients (2.1%) had Type B, and 13 patients (5.37%) had Type C. MVD is a surgical procedure to relieve the symptoms (e.g. pain, muscle twitching) caused by compression of a nerve by an artery or vein. During BAEP intraoperative monitoring, the surgical step is important in interpreting the changes of wave V. Several potential mechanisms of injury may affect the cochlear nerve, and complete loss of BAEP is often associated with postoperative hearing loss. Intraoperative BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 2005

Objective: The microvascular decompression(MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia(TN) is known as an effective surgical technique. But the failed MVD cases have been reported in long term follow-up studies. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of MVD through our operative techniques, offending vessels in operative field, failed cases with the review of the literatures. Methods: We analyzed total 63 cases of TN which underwent MVD from 1955 to 2003 according to characters of pain, operative findings, operative results related to causative vessel compression and operative method, progonotic factor. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test with SPSS Ver 11.0. Results: In TN, the most common offending vessel was superior cerebellar artery(45.0%). In compression group of nerve root by offending vessel, the cure rate was 91.7%. However, the cure rate of the contact group was 64.7% and the cure rate of the negative group was 37.5%. There was no statistical significance between the degree of compression by vessel and the operative result(p=0.076). In 51 cases with MVD only, the cure rate was 84.3% and in 3 cases with PSR only, 42.8% and in 2 cases with PSR(partial sensory rhizotomy) with MVD, 50.0%. TN recurred in 7 cases within the follow-up period and reoperations(PSR) were added in 2 cases of them. Conclusion: This study shows that MVD provided a high rate of success with a minor risk of complications, which has been regarded as the most safe and effective procedure for trigeminal neuralgia. Additional MVD in recurred TN by severe adhesion of teflon showed poor outcome. But, revisional operation(PSR) in recurred TN showed relatively good outcome. PSR should be considered for treatment of recurrent TN after MVD.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.768-775
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to report a case in which Korean medicine treatment with Gami-daebo-tang and acupuncture improved the clinical symptoms in a patient with Wallenberg syndrome. Methods: The patient was treated for 53 days with a Korean medicine treatment consisting of Gami-daebo-tang and acupuncture. We measured dysesthesia based on the number of affected dermatomes. Gait ataxia was estimated with the Korean version of the Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS) and the number of times that the patient had stumbled per day. Dizziness was measured with a numerical rating score (NRS). Results: After treatment, the number of affected dermatomes was decreased. The K-BBS score was improved from 52 to 56, and the frequency of stumbling decreased from 20 to 0 times per day. The NRS score of dizziness decreased from 8 to 0. Conclusion: This case showed that Korean medicine treatment might be helpful for improving the symptoms of patients with Wallenberg syndrome.