• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2015

쌀밥 위주의 식사에서 곡류 또는 두류를 혼합한 잡곡밥의 섭취량이 늘고 있는 추세로 백미(대조군)와 혼합잡곡(혼합잡곡 1), 혼합잡곡에 정미성분을 가미한 잡곡(혼합잡곡 2)을 제조하고, 이들의 항산화 활성을 갖는 성분들의 함량 변화와 기호도 변화를 측정하였다. Ascorbic acid의 함량에서는 백미의 경우, 6.68 mg%, 혼합잡곡군은 각각 18.23 및 21.84 mg%로 잡곡을 혼합하였을 때 높은 함량을 나타내었다. Tocopherol류의 함량에서는 백미는 1.26 mg%, 혼합잡곡 1군은 19.24 mg%이었고, 혼합잡곡에 정미성분을 가미한 혼합잡곡 2군은 39.32 mg%로 가장 높은 tocopherol류의 함량을 보였다. Polyphenol 화합물의 함량에서 대조군은 2.20 mg%, 혼합잡곡군은 각각 14.38 및 21.91 mg%로 혼합잡곡군이 높은 함량을 보였다. Flavonoid 화합물의 함량은 대조군에서는 검출되지 않았지만, 혼합잡곡 1군은 42.45 mg%, 혼합잡곡 2군은 32.54 mg%로 잡곡 혼합 시 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 이들 성분들은 메탄올 추출물에서도 유사한 경향이었다. 기호도에서는 맛, 향, 색 및 종합적 기호도에서는 모두 정미성분을 첨가하였던 혼합잡곡 2군이 가장 높은 기호도를 보였고, 잡곡밥, 백미의 순으로 백미보다는 곡류 및 두류 및 정미성분을 혼합하는 것을 더욱 선호하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1975

This studies were designed to know the contents of trace element and magnesium in cereals. Twenty two kinds of cereal, 104'samples, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of Manganese, Iron, Magnesium, Chrome, Cupper, Nickel, Zinc, Stannous, Lead and Cadmium. The results are as follows: 1) The contents of Mn and Fe in the sesame group show highest value and next is bean group. In the rice group its content shows lowest value than other cereals. 2) In the Cr content its value is lower than other elements in cereals respectively. Cr content of sesame and bean group show higher than rice and barley group. 3) The contents of Cu and Ni in the sesame and bean group show higher value than the value of rice and barley group. Its contents of rice and barley group is almost equal in Cu and Ni. 4) For the Zn content the value of sesame group is higher than other cereals and next is bean group. In the Sn content the value of bean group shows higher one than other cereals. The contents of Zn and Sn in rice and barley group are lower than other cereals. 5) The value of Pb is almost equal to each cereal. The content of Cd in bear group and barley group show higher than other cereals and its value of rice group is equal to the value of barley group.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.833-843
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hygiene education on the microbiological changes of processing utensils and the environmental in the manufacture of cereals and to evaluate the Cd, Pb contents and nutrient compositions of 11 cereals. The result of microbiological evaluation was that fungi, coliforms and staphylococcus species were detected in employees, on equipment, utensils and environments in the first inspection. Fungi were detected in most of the cereals, staphylococcus species were detected in soybeans, perilla seeds and sea tangle How, and bacillus cereus was detected in sorghum and black sesame seeds. The water content of rice, barley, glutinous rice, brown rice and carrot flour in packaged products, and in carrot flour, angelica keiskei, carrot, sea mustard and potato in bulk products was in excess of 8.0%. The Pb content of cereals was 0.14-0.51 mg/kg and Cd was not found. The acid value of Job s tears flour and black sesame seed flour was higher than 5.0 mg/g oil. Cereals were manufactured from 41 different cereals and grains, legumes, seeds and nuts, vegetables, potatoes, seaweeds, fruits, glucose and salt. The average content of cereals and grains, legumes, and seeds and nuts in cereals was 75.75%, 16.19% and 4.93%, respectively. The mean nutrient content per 100 g of cereals was calories 365.8kcal, protein 13.3 g, fats 5.9 g, carbohydrates 63.4 g, Ca 91.8 mg, p 269.9 mg, Fe 3.15 mg, Na 76.2 g, K 421.8 mg, Zn 2.33 mg, Vit. A 12.5 R.E., Vit. B$_1$0.23 mg, Vit. $B_2$ 0.16 mg, Vit. $B_6$ 0.46 mg, Niacin 3.5 mg, Vit. C 1.36 mg, folic acid 62.3 $\mu$g and Vit. E 1.24 mg. When nutrients value of 48 g of cereals and 200 $m\ell$l of milk was compared to 1/3 of the RDA, the values were below than 60% of 1/3 of the RDA except Na, K, Vitamin $B_1$ and C contents. The average carbohydrate : protein : fat ratio of energy intake was 54.27 : 17.45 : 28.28, respectively. Therefore, a training program consisting of the education of the staff in surveillance and standard operating procedures, the elimination of dangerous procedures, sanitation checklist, the implementation of Preparation methods and standard recipes for cereals is required.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

Mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes were cultured in the selected cereals to generate functionally active cereals. The optimum water contents for the mycelial growth were 50%(wt/wt) for brown rice, barley and soybean and 75% for wheat and corn, respectively. P. ostreatus grew well in the most cereals while the mycelial growth of P. linteus, G. lucidum and L. edodes in soybean were siginificantly retarded. The contents of β-glucan and glucosamine in the mycelial cereals were determined. Wheat cultured with mushroom mycelia showed high ß-glucan content. Especially, wheat with G. lucidum contained the highest value of 26.16%. Soybean cultured with G. lucidum showed two-fold increase in glucosamine content with 9.63% of total mass while wheat showed 7.91%. Overall, wheat cultured with G. lucidum was the best functional cereal in terms of β-glucan and glucosamine contents.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.537-552
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of cooked rice with cereals frequently consumed in Korea by blending ratio. Seven kinds of cereals, white rice, glutinous barley, brown rice, black rice, glutinous rice, glutinous foxtail millet and proso millet, were chosen for the study. According to the results from rapid viscosity analyzer, glutinous barley had the lowest pasting temperature($66.55^{\circ}C$) and black rice had the highest values in the peak(231.77 RVU), trough(162.25 RVU), final viscosity(295.81 RVU) and set back(64.05 RVU)(p<0.05). Water absorption rate by soaking time for black rice and brown rice was increased only 18.77% and 14.57%, respectively, even after 120 minutes, whereas those of other cereals were increased up to 20.28~39.32% after 50 minutes. The pasting characteristics of white rice blended with cereals tended to be lower than white rice in the peak, trough, and final viscosity. Textural property of cooked white rice blended with black rice, brown rice, and glutinous foxtail millet showed a significantly higher value for hardness than that of cooked white rice only(p<0.05). The most preferred blending ratio of the respective cereals was 25% for glutinous barley, 10% for black rice, brown rice and proso millet, and 5% for glutinous foxtail millet and glutinous rice in the sensory evaluation for overall quality, but there were no significant differences except glutinous barley, brown rice and glutinous foxtail millet.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between nutrient intakes and bone mineral density in female university students. A total 27 female university students were measured the anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake and the bone mineral density of carpus using DEXA. The average age, height, weight, % body fat, WHR, and BMI of the subjects were 22.7 years, 161.5 cm, 57.0 kg, 29.9%, 0.8, 21.8 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Bone mineral density of ultradis and distal carpus as T-value were -1.5 and -0.4, respectively. The daily energy intake of the subjects was 1589.0kcal. And the intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and folic acid did not meet the Korean RDAs. The daily total food intake of the subjects was 1011.0g and food intake from cereals and vegetables was high. The major food groups of mineral intake were vegetables/cereals/milks/fishes for calcium, cereals/meat/vegetables/fishes for phosphorus, cereals/vegetables/meats for iron, seasonings/vegetables/cereals for sodium, vegetables/cereals/seasonings for potassium, and cereals/meats for zinc. The body weight and body mass index were significantly positive correlated to the bone mineral density of average carpus, respectively. The intakes of animal calcium and vitamin $B_2$ were significantly negative correlated to the bone mineral density of average carpus, respectively. In conclusion, bone mineral density in carpus and nutrient intakes of some female university students were low. Therefore, health management and the study on relation between bone mineral density in various site and long-term intakes of nutrients in many subjects are required.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.64-67
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• 2015

전통 재래시장 등에서 수집한 곡류 11점에서 효모 14종 26균주들을 분리 동정하였다. 이들 균주 중에서 Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 5균주로 단일 종으로는 가장 많이 분리되었고 Pseudozyma antarctica도 4균주가 분리되었으며 Cryptococcus magnus를 포함하는 Cryptococcus도 5종이 분리되었다. 또한 서리태와 차조에서 각각 4종의 비교적 많은 야생 효모들이 분리되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.355-361
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• 1992

곡물 중의 aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$을 검출하는 방법으로서 효소면역측정법(ELISA)의 활용가능성을 평가하기 위하여, ELISA 분석치를 인위적인 오염치 및 자연오염된 시료의 HPLC 분석치와 비교하였다. 분석대상 시료로는 외국산 면실박(19점), 채종박(11점), 대두박(9점), 옥수수(3점) 등위 수입곡물을 사용하였다. 각 곡물별로 작성한 표준곡선으로부터 실제 곡물시료 중 대체로 1-100ng/g 농도의 $AFB_1$분석 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 이를 기준으로하여 표준 $AFB_1$을 인위적으로 오염시킨 시료를 ELISA로 분석 하였을 때, 1 ng/g의 저농도에서는 그 회수율이 높았으나 (평균 265) 3ng/g 이상의 농도에서는 평균 138(68-193)이었으며, 각 분석치의 상대적인 분산도(C.V)는 평균 7.0(0-22)로 매우 양호하였다한편 자연오염된 시료의 ELISA 분석치를 HPLC 분석치와 비교하였을 때, 10ng/g 이하의 시료에서는 특히 채종박의 경우 두 분석치의 간에 차이가 다소 크게 나타났으나, 그 이상의 오염시료에서는 몇몇 예외를 제외하고는 비교적 근사한 수치를 나타내었다. 특히 오염도가 심각한 면실박의 경우 HPLC 분석치에 대한 ELISA 분석치의 비율이 평균 153%로 양호하였다. 따라서 본 효소면역측정법은 10ng/g 이상의 $AFB_1$이 오염된 곡물시료의 분석에 실용화가 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 곡류 중 트리코테센류 곰팡이독소인 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소의 LC-MS/MS 분석방법을 검증하고 국내 유통 곡류 중 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소의 오염실태를 파악하였다. 곡류 중의 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소를 분석하기 위해, 염화나트륨을 포함한 90% 메탄올 용액으로 추출, 원심분리, 여과, 4% 염화나트륨용액으로 희석하고, 원심분리한 후, 여과한 후 면역친화성칼럼에 의해 정제한 시료를 LC-MS/MS 동시정량 분석하였다. T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소의 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 $0.5{\mu}g/kg$ 및 $1.5{\mu}g/kg$ 얻었다. matrix-matched 표준 검량식에서 상관계수 0.99 이상의 직선성을 얻었으며, T-2독소와 HT-2 독소 2배에서 10배의 정량한계로 표준용액을 첨가한 시료에서 회수율은 T-2독소와 HT-2 독소 각각 $100.6{\pm}7.2%$, $96.8{\pm}9.4%$로 EU 가이드라인에서 제시하는 유효성 기준을 만족하였다. LC-MS/MS 정량법을 이용하여 국내 곡류 9품목 115건에 대해 T-2 독소와 HT-2 독소의 오염도를 조사하여 본 결과, 전체 곡류 115건 중에서 T-2 독소는 83건, HT-2 독소는 93건 검출되었으며 오염도는 T-2 독소는 N.D~37.1 ug/kg, HT-2 독소는 N.D~5.4 ug/kg 으로 낮은 수준이었으며, 오염도는 유럽기준치($100{\mu}g/kg$)이내 이었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 곡류 중 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소에 대한 분석법은 향후 우리나라 곡류 중 곰팡이독소 안전관리를 위한 시험법으로 활용가능하며, 오염도 자료는 안전성 평가의 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the $\beta$-glucan contents and their characteristics of winter cereals according to particle sizes and milling recoveries. Sieved fractions differed in their average contents of $\beta$-glucans, and the coarse fraction had higher contents of $\beta$-glucan than finely milled fractions. In all winter cereals, the $\beta$-glucan contents of raw flours were higher than those of their brans, and the highest $\beta$-glucan contents of every cereals were observed at 100 mesh > or 100-140 mesh fractions except the Chalssalbori fractions which showed the higest $\beta$-glucan contents (12.9%) at 140-200 mesh fraction. As compared with the $\beta$-glucan content of Chalbori among the various milling recoveries, the $\beta$-glucan was distributed more evenly throughout the endosperm but $\beta$-glucan content in bran of Chalbori was only 1.5%. However, $\beta$-glucan content of Chalssalbori (hull-less waxy barley) was the highest in the subaleurone region (8.2%) and declined slightly toward inner layers of grain. This results suggest that $\beta$-glucan distribution between high (Chalbori) and low $\beta$-glucan barley (Chalssalbori) may explain the difference in milling performance of barley. On the other hand, $\beta$-glucan contents of two rye varieties (Chilbohomil, Chunchoohomil) were lower than those of two waxy barley varieties, and the higest $\beta$-glucan contents were observed at the 60% milling recoveries. In all winter cereals, the L-values (lightness) of raw flours were higher than those of brans. And the L-values of barley varieties were higher than those of oat and rye varieties. As the particle sizes and milling recovery ratios were decreased, the L-value were increased. The a-values (redness) in brans of every winter cereals were higher than those of every particle size flours and every milling ratio fractions, and this tendency was observed in the b-values (yellowness) of every particle size of cereal flours. The L and b-value of barley, the b-value of oat, and L, a, b-value of rye have the significant relationship with the $\beta$-glucan contents, respectively. This results represent the fact that $\beta$-glucans affected the color of the flours and pounded grains of winter cereals.