• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.635-638
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• 2004

An ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter gene in the cephabacin biosynthetic gene cluster of Lysobacter lactamgenus was characterized. The amplified orf10 (cpbJ) gene was subcloned into pET-28a(+) vector and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) strain by 0.5 mM IPTG at $30^{\circ}C$. The membrane fraction of recombinant E. coli cells was separated by ultracentrifugation, and solubilized using 2.5% octyl-$\beta$-D-glucoside. Using the solubilized membrane fraction, the artificial proteoliposomes were reconstituted and analyzed for the biological activity of CpbJ protein. Upon measuring ATPase activity, the proteoliposome made from recombinant E. coli membrane proteins showed slightly higher activity than that from host E. coli membrane proteins. In the measurement of membrane transport activity, the reconstituted proteoliposome of recombinant E. coli membrane proteins exhibited higher activity when both substrates of cephalosporin C and L-Ala-L-Ser were applied, compared to the case of cephalosporin C or L-Ala-L-Ser only. It implies that the CpbJ protein is an ABC transporter secreting cephabacin antibiotics synthesized in cytoplasm.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate single and repeated-dose toxicities oj a new cophalosporin antibiotic agent IDC-7l81 in Sprague-Dawley rats. IDC-7181 was injected intravenously to rats at dose levels of 0, 3.2, 16, 80, 400 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for single-dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day for 4-week repeated-dose toxicity study. In both studies, there were no dose-related changes in mortality clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, opthalmoscopy, organ weights, urine analysis, biochemical examination, and hematological findings of all animals treated with IDC-7l8l. Gross and histopathological findings revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to IDC-7181. These results suggest that the intravenous maximum tolerated dose value of IDC-7181 may be over 250 mg/kg and $LD_{50}$ value may be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2019

Purpose: We studied the pathogens and trends in antibiotic sensitivity pattern in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) over 8 years in order to evaluate adequate treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of children with UTI from January 2009 to December 2016 in Daegu Fatima Hospital. Uropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were selected. Only 1 bacterial species with a colony count of ${\geq}105CFU/mL$ was considered a positive result. We compared 2 periods group (A: 2009~2012, B: 2013~2016) to investigate trends of antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Results: During the 8 year period, 589 cases are identified (E. coli was cultured in 509 cases, 86.4%). Among all patients, this study investigated the antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility to ampicillin was steadily low for both periods (A: 32.6%, B: 40.1%, P=0.125), and to amikacin was consistently high for both periods (A: 99.4%, B: 99.3%, P=1.000). Antibiotic sensitivity to third-generation cephalosporin decreased from period A to B (A: 91.7%, B: 75.5%, P=0.000). Antibiotic sensitivity to quinolone significantly decreased from A to B (A: 88.4%, B: 78.2%, P=0.003). The prevalence of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-producing E. coli increased from period A to B (A: 6.1%, B: 17.1%, P=0.000). Conclusion: This study showed that conventional antibiotic therapy for the treatment of pediatric UTI needs to be reevaluated. A careful choice of antibiotic is required due to the change in antibiotic sensitivity and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

Purpose: We aimed to determine characteristics of host, causative organisms, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in pediatric patients with UTI living in metropolitan area of Korea. Methods: Retrospective investigation was done for the causative organisms of UTI in 683 pediatric cases treated at Ajou University Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Patients were classified into Escherichia coli and non-E. coli group, where E. coli group was subdivided into ESBL(+) and ESBL(-) groups based on whether the bacteria could produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Antibiotic susceptibility of the causative organism was also determined. Results: A total of 683 UTIs occurred in 550 patients, of which 463 (67.8%) were first-time infection and 87 (32.2%) were recurrent ones (2-7 recurrences, 2.52 average), and 64.9% were male and 35.1% were female. The most common causative organism was E. coli (77.2%) and ESBL(+) E. coli was found in 126 cases. The susceptibility of E. coli to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin was relatively higher than that to ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. ESBL(+) E. coli showed higher resistance rate to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin than ESBL(-) E. coli. Conclusion: New treatment guideline should be considered due to the incidence of ESBL(+) E. coli increased up to one quarter of UTI cases.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2014

This study aimed to assess the quality of outpatient antibiotic consumption in Korea compared with other countries. We used the National Health Insurance claims data for outpatient services in March, June, September, and December in 2012 and calculated nine indicator values based on the 12 European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) drug-specific quality indicators. Indicator values in this study reflect the yearly use of antibiotic expressed in defined daily doses for 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) and the use of main subclasses of antibiotics expressed in DID and as percentage of the total antibiotic use. Korea showed lower quality in the consumption of total antibiotics (J01), especially in the use of Cephalosporins (J01D) expressed in DID. Korea also showed low quality with regard to the use of narrow/broad spectrum antibiotics. The percentage of the use of narrow-spectrum Penicillins (J01CE) was lowest in Korea. The quality on the use of the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporin (J01(DD+DE)) was the fourth lowest among 26 countries. High rates of antibiotic resistance and payment system based on fee-for-service might have influenced on the high consumption of the broad spectrum antibiotics in Korea. It needs to further investigate the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to identify the target of strategies promoting quality use of antibiotics in Korea.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.196-203
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• 1993

We compared in vitro antibacterial activity of DWC-751, a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, with those of cefpirome (CPR), cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftazidime (CAZ). DWC-751 showed a broad antimicrobial spectrum against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of DWC-751 against Stapylococcus aureus was equal to that of CPR and superior to those of CTX and CAZ. The activity of it against Excherichia coli was more potent than those of CPR, CTX and CAZ. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, DWC-751 was slightly inferior to that of CAZ and superior to those of CPR and CTX. The antibacterial activity of DWC-751 was superior to those of CPR, CTX and CAZ against clinical isolates and ofloxacin resistant strains. DWC-751 showed bactericidal action against Escherichia coli at concentrations close to the MIC and induced the formation of filament and burge and lysis of Escherichia coli in a microscopic examination.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.169-169
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• 2001

This study was designed to evaluate an acute and subacute intravenous dose toxicity of a new cephalosporin antibiotic agent, IDC-7181 in 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. IDC-7181 was intravenously injected to rats at dose levels of 0, 3.2, 16, 80, 400 and 2, 000 mg/kg/day for single dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day for 4 week-repeated dose toxicity study. All rats survived throughout the study periods.(omitted)

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1070-1078
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• 2018

Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious, potentially fatal infections. V. vulnificus causes three distinct syndromes: an overwhelming primary septicemia caused by consuming contaminated seafood, wound infections acquired when an open wound is exposed to contaminated warm seawater, and gastrointestinal tract-limited infections. Case-fatality rates are higher than 50% for primary septicemia, and death typically occurs within 72 hours of hospitalization. Risk factors for V. vulnificus infection include chronic liver disease, alcoholism, and hematological disorders. When V. vulnificus infection is suspected, appropriate antibiotic treatment and surgical interventions should be performed immediately. Third-generation cephalosporin with doxycycline, or quinolone with or without third-generation cephalosporin, may be potential treatment options for patients with V. vulnificus infection.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

항생물질 발효산업 부산물인 부산물오니의 농업적 활용성을 검토하기 위하여 98년 5월과 8월 두 차례 열무의 생장량 및 토양 화학성에 미치는 효과를 비교하였다. 오니의 처리수준은 열무의 표준시비량($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=160-59-104$ kg/ha)을 대조구로 하여 오니 및 관행퇴비를 각각 1000 kg/ha 씩 추가 시용 하는 오니 및 퇴비 첨가구 와 오니 및 퇴비 각각에 함유된 질소량의 30%를 질소 시용량에서 공제하는 질소공제 오니 및 퇴비구 등 5개 처리로 비교하였다. 오니 첨가구 및 질소공제 오니구의 열무 발아율과 초기생육은 대조구, 퇴비 첨가구 및 질소공제 퇴비구에 비하여 부진하였다. 이는 미분해된 오니의 토양중 분해과정에서 생성될 수 있는 암모니아가스 피해에 기인된 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 수확기의 열무 수량은 오니 첨가구 및 질소공제 오니구를 포함한 모든 처리구간에 1차 및 2차 시험 모두 유의성 있는 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 이는 오니의 시용에 의한 열무의 생육이 후반기에 빠르게 증진되었다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 식물체의 질소함량과 토양의 무기태 질소 함량은 오니의 시용에 의하여 증가되는 경향이었으나 항생물질 cephalosporin-C는 열무의 지상부나 지하부 그리고 시험 후 토양에서 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 부산물오니는 유기물(750 g/kg)과 전질소(56 g/kg)를 많이 함유하고 유해 중금속 함량이 허용치 이하인 점을 고려할 때 양질의 유기물 자원으로서 농업적 활용가치가 인정되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of new management policies on the incidence of invasive Candida infections Methods: This observational study involved a retrospective analysis of the patients' medical records. In total, 99 very low birth weight infants, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Ajou University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011, were enrolled for the study. Period I, defined as the period before the revision of management policies, comprised 57 infants; whereas, period II, defined as the period after the implementation of new management policies, comprised 42 infants. The new management policies entailed a reduction in antibiotic and histamine type 2 receptor blocker (H2 blocker) use, duration of central venous catheterization, and duration of endotracheal intubation. Results: There was a significant overall decrease in the use of antibiotics including 3rd generation cephalosporin and H2 blockers (P<0.05), and a significantly lower incidence of invasive Candida infections in period II as compared to period I (0/42 vs. 6/57, respectively; P=0.037). Comparison between infants with invasive Candida infections (n=6) and those without (n=93) showed that gestational age (odds ratio [OR], 0.909; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.829 to 0.996; P=0.042) and the duration of 3rd generation cephalosporin use (OR, 1.093; 95% CI, 1.009 to 1.183; P=0.029) were statistically significant risk factors. Conclusion: The new management policies effectively decreased overall use of antibiotics, especially 3rd generation cephalosporin, and H2 blockers, which led to a significantly lower incidence of invasive Candida infections.