• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.1 s.114
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• pp.74-83
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• 2006

Analysis of lateral cephalometric radiograph (cephalogram) has been used routinely to evaluate skeletal and dental relationships, but analysis of the lateral facial photograph has not been used frequently for evaluation of skeletal relationships. As concerns about harm of X-ray irradiation increases, this study was planned to evaluate the possibility of substituting analysis of the lateral cephalogram with analysis of the lateral facial photograph by comparing these two analyses. According to the ANB values from cephalometric analysis, subjects were divided into three groups: Class I malocclusion group (n=32). Class II malocclusion group (n=32), and Class III malocclusion group (n=31). After measurements of angles indicating horizontal and vertical relationships of the maxilla and mandible on the lateral cephalograms and photographs, differences between Class I, II and III groups were evaluated. To evaluate the similarity between two similar values in the cephalograms and photographs, t-test using standardized variable Z and correlation analysis were performed in the Class I malocclusion group. The results showed that 1) SnN'Pg' on the photograph can be used to evaluate the antero-posterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible (ANB), 2) N'-Sn/Sn-Pg' on the photograph can be used to evaluate facial convexity (NA/APg), 3) Sn-Tra-Me' on the photograph can be used as a measurement similar to FMA. In conclusion, partly substituting lateral cephalogram analysis with lateral facial photograph analysis was possible in the evaluation of the maxilla and mandible.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

In the treatment of dentofacial deformities, analysis of skeletal pattern, with evaluation of plaster dental cast, is essential procedure. This study was based on 20 patients with dentofacial deformity who were admitted to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Kngnam sacred heart Hospital during the period of Jan 1988 through Aug 1989. We studied serial cephalometric radiogarphs of patients (pre-op, postop immediately, postop 6 moth). The obtained results indicates the good resistance of rigid fixation against relapse in orthognathic surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.184-188
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• 2001

Horner's syndrome as a complication of orthognathic surgery is given little attention of head and neck surgery and is a relatively benign and transient condition. A 18-year-old male referred to our department with long and anteriorly projected chin. The cephalometric evaluation revealed a skeletal Class III relationship. A 10-mm setback of the mandible to eliminate Class III relationship and 4-mm vertical reduction genioplasty were performed. Three weeks after operation, the patient was recognized anhidrosis in left face and the head, and ptosis of left eye. The trauma to cervical sympathetic nerve during left sagittal split ramus osteotomy was thought to be the cause of Horner's syndrome. Patient was treated by dermatologic and opthalmologic care. Follow-up examination 8 months later, he was recovery of horner's symptom.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1973

The study was made on the facial profile of the normal Korean adults using the roentgenographic cephalograms. The subjects ccnsisted of 50 males and 50 females with the normal occlusion. The measurements were made of the facial angles in skeletal pattern and depth, height and the length in the soft tissue profile. The mean and standard deviations from the subjects were calculated and compared with the samples of male and female. The authors have drawn the conclusions as follows: 1. Compared with the angulation in skeletal patterns, there were no differences between both sexes. 2. Individual variations of the lower face were larger than the upper face in most measuring points. 3. Generally, facial heights were lesser than facial depth in sexual differences. 4. Most dimensions of the facial depth, height and length of the male were larger than those of female.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.6 s.71
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• pp.975-979
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• 1998

Our Goal of modified segmental osteotomy on maxilla accompanied by mandibular anterior subapical osteotomy was to get the best results from patients of bi-alveolar or bi-maxillary protrusion. In this study, cephalometric and photo (en face, profile) analysis have been compared to define the soft tissue change after surgery. Lip protrusion was efficiently reduced and nasolabial angle was much obtused. Although nose was a little widened, it was quite acceptable. Blood circulation on osteotomized segment was well maintained. This relatively simple methods could be successfully applied to many patients.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.248-261
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• 1999

In order to define a current set of Korean children norm with mixed dentition, following study was done. The subjects were 102 healthy dentition contestants(48boys, 54girls). Standardized lateral head roentgenograms were taken, and Ricketts analysis was done. Results were as follows: 1. Length of anterior cranial base, posterior facial height, corpus length were longer in male than in female(p<0.05), and Porion was located posteriorly in male than in female(p<0.01). 2. Through facial depth, Pogonion of male was more forwardly positioned(p<0.05), mandible was significantly steeper in female, and maxillary anterior teeth were significantly tipped forward in male(p<0.05). 3. Variables such as length of anterior cranial base, upper molar position(p<0.01) and corpus length(p<0.05) were significantly changed by age. 4. Maxillary height, facial depth, mandibular plane angle, convexity were changed by age, but not significantly(p>0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2011

The purpose of study is for the certified correlations of hand-wrist radiograph with cervical vertebrae for skeletal maturation in children. Normal evaluation devices of growth stage is sexual feature, biological age, tooth development stage, height and weight. Evaluation of growth potential is very important for childhood and puberty. The skeletal developmental stages were evaluated by using the hand-wrist radiograph and cephalometric radiograph that obtained from 6 to 18 years old children. 1. Chronologic age was not more suitable indicator of skeletal development compared to Skeletal Maturity Indicators(SMI) and Cervical Vertebrae Maturation(CVM) stages. 2. SMI and CVM stages for females occurred earlier than that for male. 3. SMI 1 and 2 stages were corresponded to CVM 1; SMI 3,4 = CVM 2; SMI 5,6 = CVM 3. 4. Reproducibility and reliability of observer for SMI and CVM were excellent. This results suggest CVM stage is comparable to SMI stage in terms of evaluating the skeletal development.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.416-426
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to calculate uncertainty of orthodontic measurement in skeletal class III malocclusion children using lateral cephalometry analysis software which obtained traceability in previous study. Using this data, standard reference of measurement value for skeletal class III malocclusion was obtained. Lateral cephalometric data was collected from 144 children who visited Pediatric Dentistry from 2017 to 2020 for orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic measurement was analyzed with software which obtained traceability. Type A evaluation of uncertainty and type B evaluation of uncertainty was calculated to obtain combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty. Standard reference of skeletal class III children was compared to standard reference of skeletal class I children. Distribution range for skeletal class III malocclusion children aged 6 to 10 with 95% confidence interval was provided using calculated uncertainty of orthodontic measurement value.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 1990

A series of 19 cases with maxillary hyperplasia and mandibular retrognathia were operated on by simultaneous superior repositioning of the maxilla after Le Fort I osteotomy and anterior repositioning of the mandible after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies with or without osteotomy of the inferior border of the mandible. These were evaluated by retrospective cephalometric and computer analysis for the longitudinal skeletal and dental changes for an average of 17.1 months after surgery. For stabilization of the osteotomized segments, the authors used wire osteosynthesis by means of bilateral infraorbital and zygomatic buttress suspension wire at the maxilla, and direct interosseous wire at the split segments of the mandibular rami. Results show generally good stability after simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery with wire osteosynthesis, and a minimal to moderate tendency toward skeletal and dental relapse. This article is a preliminary study to defy the efficiency of the wire osteosynthesis (wo)compared with rigid internal fixation (RIF) for simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery. 1. The vertical relapse rate of the A point after superior repositioning of the maxilla is 2.2%. 2. The horizontal relapse rate of the B point after advancement of the mandible is 18.3%. 3. The condyle is distracted inferiorly and slightly posteriorly at the immediate postoperative period. 4. At the long term follow up examination, the condyle presents tendency of return to the preoperative position. 5. Condylar segment angle is decreased at the immediate postoperative period, and at the long term follow up evaluation, the angle is increased. 6. Gonial angle is increased at the immediate postoperative period, and then is decreased at the long term follow up evaluation. 7. The dentition is satisfactory with acceptable movement at the long term follow up evaluation. 8. At the mandibular free body analysis, genioplasty shows good stability. 9. Wire osteosynthesis provides excellent stabilization for the simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2006

Long term prediction of surgical result of skeletal class III has not been evaluated adequately because the stability of orthognathic surgery would be affected by not only set back amount of mandible but also many other factors like skeletal pattern, hyoid position, and airway size. The aimof this study is to discriminate the factors which affect the stability of post-treatment result of surgical outcome of sagittal split ramus osteotomy. We have collected 37 patients (male: 17, female: 20) from patients who have been treated at Orthodontic Department in Dankook University. The patients underwent 3 times Cephalometric X-ray taking at pre-, post-orthognathic surgery and after 12 months retention. The subjects were divided into 2 groups (Stable group: 21, Relapse group: 16) according to their relapse amount. We have taken following results from Students t-test and discriminant analysis. The discriminant factors which discern relapse and stable groupe among treatment change variables were BX and Ba-HY. Hyoid bone moved to posterior and inferior position due to surgery and repositioned superiorly and posteriorly during retention period. Skeletal patterns of the relapse group are smaller mandibular plane angle, anterior mandibular position, and greater distance from hyoid bone to cervical bone and mandible respectively.