• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2002

This study was carried to identify the component of Large Intestine Meridian Muscle in human, dividing into outer, middle, and inner part. Brachium and antebrachium were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Large Intestine Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows. 1) Muscle; extensor digitorum tendon(LI-1), lumbrical tendon(LI-2), 1st dosal interosseous muscle(LI-3), 1st dosal interosseous muscle and adductor pollicis muscle(LI-4), extensor pollicis longus tendon and extensor pollicis brevis tendon(LI-5), adductor pollicis longus muscle and extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon(LI-6), extensor digitorum muscle and extensor carpi radialis brevis mucsle and abductor pollicis longus muscle(LI-7), extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and pronator teres muscle(LI-8), extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and supinator muscle(LI-9), extensor carpi radialis longus muscle and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and supinator muscle(LI-10), brachioradialis muscle(LI-11), triceps brachii muscle and brachioradialis muscle(LI-12), brachioradialis muscle and brachialis muscle(LI-13), deltoid muscle(LI-14, LI-15), trapezius muscle and supraspinous muscle(LI-16), platysma muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenous muscle(LI-17, LI-18), orbicularis oris superior muscle(LI-19, LI-20) 2) Nerve; superficial branch of radial nerve and branch of median nerve(LI-1, LI-2, LI-3), superficial branch of radial nerve and branch of median nerve and branch of ulna nerve(LI-4), superficial branch of radial nerve(LI-5), branch of radial nerve(LI-6), posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and branch of radial nerve(LI-7), posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve(LI-8), posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and radial nerve(LI-9, LI-12), lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and deep branch of radial nerve(LI-10), radial nerve(LI-11), lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and branch of radial nerve(LI-13), superior lateral cutaneous nerve and axillary nerve(LI-14), 1st thoracic nerve and suprascapular nerve and axillary nerve(LI-15), dosal rami of C4 and 1st thoracic nerve and suprascapular nerve(LI-16), transverse cervical nerve and supraclavicular nerve and phrenic nerve(LI-17), transverse cervical nerve and 2nd, 3rd cervical nerve and accessory nerve(LI-18), infraorbital nerve(LI-19), facial nerve and infraorbital nerve(LI-20). 3) Blood vessels; proper palmar digital artery(LI-1, LI-2), dorsal metacarpal artery and common palmar digital artery(LI-3), dorsal metacarpal artery and common palmar digital artery and branch of deep palmar aterial arch(LI-4), radial artery(LI-5), branch of posterior interosseous artery(LI-6, LI-7), radial recurrent artery(LI-11), cephalic vein and radial collateral artery(LI-13), cephalic vein and posterior circumflex humeral artery(LI-14), thoracoacromial artery and suprascapular artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery and anterior circumflex humeral artery(LI-15), transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery(LI-16), transverse cervical artery(LI-17), SCM branch of external carotid artery(LI-18), facial artery(LI-19, LI-20)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.174-185
• /
• 1980

It was my great nohour that I can be exposed to such plenty materials of the coronary bypass surgery. Here, I am summarizing the xoronary bypass surgery, clinically. The material is serial 101 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery between July 17, 1979 to November 30, 1979 in Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh. 1. Incidence of the Atherosclerosis is frequent in white, male, fiftieth who are living in industrialized country. It has been told the etiologic factor of the atherosclerosis is hereditary, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, drinking, diabetes, obesity, stress, etc. 2. The main and most frequent complication of the coronary atherosclerosis is angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is the chief cause of coronary bypass surgery and the other causes of coronary bypass surgery are obstruction of the left main coronary artery, unstable angina, papillary muscle disruption or malfunction and ventricular aneurysm complicated by coronary artery disease. 3. The preoperative clinical laboratory examination shows abnormal elevation of plasma lipid in 82 patint, plasma glucose in 40 patient, total CPK-MB in 24 patient stotal LDH in 22 patient out of 101 patient. 4. Abnormal ECG findings in preoperative examine were 29.1% myocardial infarction, 25.8% ischemia and injury, 14.6T conduction defect. 5. Also we had done Echocardiography, Tread Mill Test, Myocardial Scanning, Vectorcardiography and Lung function test to get adjunctive benefit in prediction of prognosis and accurate diagnosis. 6. The frequency of coronary atherosclerosis in main coronary arteries were LAD, RCA and Circumflex in that order. 7. The patients' main complaints which were became as etiologic factor undergoing coronary bypass surgery were angina, dyspnea, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea and etc. 8. For the coronary bypass surgery, we used cardiopulmonary bypass machine, non-blood, diluting prime, cold cardioplegic solution and moderate cooling for the myocardial protection. 9. We got the grafted veins from Saphenous and Cephalic vein. Reversed and anastomosed between aorta and distal coronary A. using 5-0 and 7-0 prolene continuous suture. Occasionally we used internal mammary A. as an arterial blood source and anastomosed to the distal coronary A. and to side fashion. 10. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time for every graft was 43.9 min. and aortic clamp time was 23 minute. We could Rt. coronary A. bypass surgery only by stand by the cardiopulmonary machine and in the state of pumping heart. 11. Rates by the noumbers of graft were as follow : 21.8% single, 33.7% double, 26.7% triple, 13.9% quadruple, 3% quintuple and 1% was sixtuple graft. 12. combined procedures with coronary bypass surgery were 6% aneurysmectomy, 3% AVR, 1% MVR, 13% pacer implantation and 1% intraaortic ballon setting. 13. We could see the complete abolition of anginal pain after operation in 68% of patient, improvement 25.8%, no change in 3.1%, and there was unknown in 3%. 14. There were 4% immediate postoperative deaths, 13.5% some kinds of heart complication, 51.3% lung complications 33.3% pleural complications as prognosis.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.415-428
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify side effects of the vesicant chemotherapy. The study was designed to be a descriptive survey. The subjects of this study were 88 patients with various types of cancer, primary lung cancer(25.0%), advanced gastric cancer(25.0%), breast cancer(20.5%), etc. The mean age was 44.8 years old(range: 16-68). The questionnaire was completed by nurses of the outpatient unit and chemotherapy ward, and intravenous nurse specialist. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Chemotherapy was administered with a 23G scalp needle and 24G insyte. Injection site was dorsum of hands(64.7%), cephalic vein(19.3%). Successful rate for the first attempt was 88.6%. The first & second cycle chemotherapy was 29.5% each.. Mainly used drugs were Navelbine(34.1%), Adriamycin(20.5%). 2) Venous Problems after chemotherapy were pain(13.6%) incurred by venous, mainly due to the administration of Navelbine; redness at the inravenous site(12.5%) and itching sense 2.3% Non-venous problems were nausea (18.2%), dullness(14.8%), vomiting(8.0%), facial flushing(6.8%), anxiety(5.7%). Subjective discomforts after chemotherapy were generalized arm pain at the injection side(14.8%), dizziness(6.8%), weakness(5.7%) and general bodyache(5.7%). Systemic anaphylactic reaction and extravasation did not occur. 3) Non-venous problem after chemotherapy were nausea, vomiting & anorexia. Frequency of chemotherapy related to side effects were itching, facial flushing, and nausea(p< .05). Day of chemotherapy related to side effects were nausea & vomiting(p< .05). Site of chemotherapy related to side effects were redness(p< .05). Frequency of venipuncture related to side effects were redness(p< .05). Conclusively, cancer chemotherapy patients have had some venous problem. They need appropriate venous access devices for chemotherapy. And other non-venous problem will be managed appropriately. Further research was required to identify the rate of venous complication or side effects of vesicant chemotherapy.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.965-973
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the prevention and treatment of Babesia gibsoni. Fifteen mongrel dogs, uninfected with Babesia spp, were assigned to three groups according to vitamin E(${\alpha}-tocopherol$) concentrations in the RBC. The concentrations in each of the three groups were, respectively : ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ in RBC less than $30{\mu}g/{\mu}l$(Group I), $30{\mu}g/{\mu}l{\sim}60{\mu}g/{\mu}l$(Group II), more than $60{\mu}g/{\mu}l$(Group III). Artificial infection was accomplished by injecting $2{\times}10^7{\sim}2{\times}10^8$ erythrocyte of Babesia gibsoni-infected dog into the cephalic vein. We investigated the clinical signs, vitamin E concentrations in RBC and serum, Vitamin A concentrations in serum, hematological values, white blood cell(WBC) viability and RBC membrane osmotic fragility after infection of Babesia gibsoni for a period of 20 days at 5 day intervals. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. After infection by Babesia gibsoni, clinical examination revealed depression, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, dark brown urine and diarrhea in proportion as time went on. After 10 days of infection, one dog each of Groups I, II and III revealed depression and anorexia. Two dogs in Group I and one dog each of Groups II and III showed dark brown urine after 15 days. Diarrhea was observed in one dog in each of the 3 groups after 20 days of infection. 2. After 5 days of infection, two dogs in each of Groups I, II and III showed Babesia gibsoni in RBC of blood smear stained with Giemsa. At the 15th day after infection with Babesia gibsoni, they were observed in all experimental animals. After both 5 days and 10 days of infection, the rate of Babesia gibsoni parasitized RBC(permillage, ‰) was 1‰, and increased as time went on. 3. After 5 days of infection by Babesia gibsoni, Group I, which had the lowest vitamin E concentration, showed significantly decreased RBC and PCV levels(p < 0.01). Group II and group III also showed significantly decreased RBC and PCV levels after 15 days of infection(p < 0.05). Particularly after 10 days of infection, Group I showed lower values in RBC and PCV levels compared to Groups II and III. WBC, RBC, fibrinogen and total protein levels between the groups did not differ during experimental periods. 4. According to the WBC differential counts, the ratios of neutrophil to lymphocyte showed a tendency to be slightly higher in Group III (more than $60{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) than in Groups I and II. 5. WBC viability did not differ between the groups. 6. RBC membrane osmotic fragility did not differ between the groups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.863-873
• /
• 1995

This report describes a preperation and characterization of canine blood lead(Pb) standard reference material(SRM). Three adult beagle dogs(A, B, and C)were orally dosed with gelatin capsules containing $Pb(NO_3)_2$, equivalent to $10\sim80mg$ Pb/kg body weight. Blood was drawn 24 hours after the dose from the cephalic vein into lead free 500ml Pyrex beaker in which EDTA.K was contained as an anticoagulant. The amount of lead given to individual dog was varied arbitrarily. Three month later, 3 canine animals were orally dosed with lead secondarily to make mixed SRM(D1) which was mixed different concentrations of lead in bloods with A1, B1, and C1 in vitro. The SRMs for A, B, C, A1, B1, C1, and D1 were distributed 2ml each into more than 300 lead free bottles, and were stored in refregerator at $4^{\circ}C$. The amount of lead in canine whole blood samples were determined using a Varian 30A atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS) with a model GTA-96 graphite tube atomizer with D2 background correction and a Hitachi Z-8100 AAS with Zeeman background correction. The sensitivity and detection limits for lead determination of Varian 30A were $0.46{\mu}g/L,\;0.34{\mu}g/L,\;and\;0.56{\mu}g/L,\;0.14{\mu}g/L$ of Hitachi Z-8100, respectively. Day to day variations in determination of blood lead concentration in a certain sample were $31.11{\pm}1.36{\mu}g/100ml$ by Varian 30A, and $33.08{\pm}0.82{\mu}g/100ml$ by Hitachi Z-8100, showing the difference of 3% between the two results. At the blood lead concentrations of $56.31{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/100ml(A),\;40.89{\pm}0.80{\mu}g/100ml(B),\;59.01{\pm}1.38{\mu}g/100ml(C)$, the precisions of replicated measurements by AAS were 3.52%, 1.96%, and 2.34%, respectively. Coefficient variation(CV) of SRMs(A, B, and C) within a standard sample were ranged from 0.92% to 7.50%, and those between 5 standard samples were 1.21%, 2.64%, and 1.11%, respectively, showing inter-vial variation of $1{\mu}g/100ml$. Lead levels in SRMs during one month storage were unchanged. The overall recoveries were $89.6\sim100.4%,\;91.6\sim101.9%,\;90.3\sim100.0%$ for A, B, and C SRMs, means were $56.46{\pm}2.69{\mu}g/100ml,\;39.35{\pm}1.89{\mu}g/100ml,\;57.40{\pm}2.31{\mu}g/100ml$, and measurement ranges were$52.88{\pm}59.26{\mu}g/100ml,\;37.47{\pm}41.68{\mu}g/100ml,\;54.80{\pm}60.69{\mu}g/100ml$, respectively. Those results were laid within confidence limits values. The lead concentrations in the mixed sample(D1) stored over one month period were ranged from $32.76{\mu}g/100ml\;to\;33.54{\mu}g/100ml$, with CV ranging from 1.2% to 2.7%. The results were similiar to each of single samples(A1, B1, and C1) in respect of homogeneity and stability. Results of the mixed blood sample analysed after 1 month storage at $4^{\circ}C$ by four other laboratories(L1, L2, L3, L4) were similar with those of our laboratory($L5;31.18{\pm}0.24{\mu}g/100ml$, acceptable range by $CDC;25.18\sim37.18{\mu}g/100ml$), showing the concentrations of $25.91{\pm}1.19{\mu}g/100ml(L1),\;34.16{\pm}0.22{\mu}g/100ml(L2),\;35.68{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/100ml(L3),\;30.95{\pm}0.46{\mu}g/100ml(L4)$ in a each samples.