• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.197-207
• /
• 2022

Population growth in cities increases the need for service facilities and different urban spaces, and the organism of the city undergoes profound changes. One of the main problems that endanger the physical environment of the city due to this turmoil is the lack of public spaces and cultural complexes that increase individual and social pollution and on the other hand make leisure facilities available to the public. It severely limits people and, ultimately, the flourishing of individual and social artistic tastes. Thus, dealing with an issue called cultural complex has special importance and is one of the most basic categories in the field of architecture and urban planning, so dealing with it must be done in a measured, comprehensive and accurate manner. Cultural shock results from the immersion of an unprepared traveler in a foreign culture. In other words, human connection with people, objects, places, organizations and institutions, thoughts and the world of information will be constantly becoming more unstable and diverse. As a result, there is a need to create places for information or, in a central sense, to acquire up-to-date knowledge that requires information in the fields of human individual and social life. Spaces and places are all kinds of media tools from gramophone records to cassettes, CDs, newspapers, magazines, Internet books, etc. Each person can use them according to his needs and work.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we propose a traffic accident detection on vehicle-mounted camera. In the proposed method, the minimum bounding box coordinates the central coordinates on the bird's eye view and motion vectors of each vehicle object, and ego-motions of the vehicle equipped with dash-cam are extracted from the dash-cam video. By using extracted 4 kinds features as the input of Bi-LSTM (bidirectional LSTM), the accident probability (score) is predicted. To investigate the effect of each input feature on the probability of an accident, we analyze the performance of the detection the case of using a single feature input and the case of using a combination of features as input, respectively. And in these two cases, different detection models are defined and used. Bi-LSTM is used as a cascade, especially when a combination of the features is used as input. The proposed method shows 76.1% precision and 75.6% recall, which is superior to our previous work.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.26-29
• /
• 2022

Cryptococcus neoformans infection usually occurs in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or with a CD4 T lymphocyte count of <100 cells/µL. Pulmonary and central nervous system infections are the most frequently encountered forms of cryptococcosis; however, colonic cryptococcosis is uncommon. We describe the case of a 41-year-old antiretroviral-naïve man with HIV infection diagnosed eight years prior and intermittent diarrhea for 4 months who presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of low-grade fever and confusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed normal results; however, he was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia based on chest computed tomography and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration was initiated followed by antiretroviral treatment. Although his condition gradually improved, he developed fever and abdominal discomfort, and the diarrhea worsened. Endoscopy revealed a small ulcer in the distal transverse colon. Histopathological examination of a colon tissue sample revealed cryptococcal infection. He improved substantially during liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole treatment. We encountered a rare case of colonic cryptococcosis that caused chronic diarrhea in a patient with advanced HIV infection. Colonic cryptococcosis should be considered when patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome present with gastrointestinal symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.29
• /
• pp.153-178
• /
• 2010

The aim of this research was to examine the traditional Confucian view of self-realization in East Asia and the meaning of life implied therein. The researcher closely reviewed the phase of self-realization of both Confucius and Mencius who are central in Confucianism, especially in the primordial Confucianism, and after investigating maturity of personality as well as educational characteristics thereof, the researcher tried to elicit its modern significance. In Analects, Confucius who is the founder of Confucianism mentioned about 'the pleasure of studying and practicing what he has learned'(學而時習 "Hagisiseup" in Korean), since after, his past was then just the process of self-realization that lasted throughout life. That is, the six phases of self-realization, to wit, 'bending on learning(志學, "Jihak")-'standing firm'(而立, "Irip")-'having no doubts'(不惑, "Bulhok")-'knowing the decrees of Heaven'(知天命, "Jicheonmyeong")-'ear being obedient organ for the reception of truth' (耳順, "Isun")-'able to follow what my heart desires without transgressing what is right'(從心, "Jongsim"), are lying hidden and undeveloped during lifetime, and, at the same time, these phases illustrate the state of enlightenment of life in an in-depth manner. By showing the process of living which is being sublimated in respect of quality, and by going through important process of self-innovation up to six times during lifetime, Confucius edifies us the activity of complete self-realization as well as the importance of education and learning. Meanwhile, these are connected to Mencius in a similar pattern, and strong influence of the characteristics of the learning of the mind and heart( 心學, "Simhak") based on his philosophy permeates the self-actualization phase of Mencius. Mencius' self-actualization phase is expressed in terms of six stages, viz., Person of Goodness(善人, "Seonin")-Trustworthy Person(信人, "Sinin")-Person of Beauty(美人, "Miin")-Great Person(大人, "Daein")-Sage(聖人, "Seongin")-Divine Person(神人, "Sinin"), and these six phases of self-actualization process are educational and learning model for people who dream actualization of perfect personality during their lifetime. Confucian and Mencian view of self-realization congruent with self-discipline internally, and it also reveals a stereotype of human externally. These are a process of performing organic ideals in order for cultivating oneself and regulating others(修己治人, pronounced 'sugichiin' in Korean) which has been pursued by Confucianism. Briefly, these self-realization phases are the arts of living that will lay foundation for "Being Born Human, pronounced Saramim' in Korean" and for becoming "Fully Human, 'Sarmadoem'" and finally for "Human Feelingness, 'Saramdaum'

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.50
• /
• pp.201-234
• /
• 2016

This thesis examined interpreting methodology of Do Won Lew Seung Kug(1923~2011) is based on the principle of Juhng-yaug. His lifelong academic aim was searching for the theory that enables global community to co-exist peacefully through humanitarianism that leads to reconciliation and mutual benefits. The research of the history of Korean thoughts provided him with the clue for his theory. According to Do Won, Korean thoughts pursue the Juhng-yaug's value of 'Yin and Yang accordance' rather than the I-Ching's value of 'suppress Yin and elevate Yang'. He furthermore asserts the concept of the middle (中), which harmonizes the two extremes by human beings as main agents, has been consistently observed from the action of divination during the ancient period through Juhng-yaug in the late 19th century. Do Won identifies 'human maturity that integrates the extremely conflicting insistences and values and seeks to be reconciled' as the basic character of Korean thoughts. He explains 'Hongikingan[弘益人間, becoming beneficial to the human world] is the idea that embraces the conflicting values symbolized by heaven and the earth. He also illuminates that Choe Chi Won(崔致遠)'s created Poongliu Do by integrating heterogeneity among Confucianism, Buddhim, and Daoism and it was attainable through the various works of mature human beings. Both Toe Gye' s philosophy of Ingeuk(人極, the Great Ultimate of Person) and the concept of Innaecheon(人乃天, Human Being right is Heaven) of Donghak are excellent examples of Humanitarianism that sublate two extremes. In Korea, the prototype of this thought has penetrated its entire history in the various circumstances of the period. The grand finale is Juhng-yaug of which the pursued values are 'Yin and Yang accordance' and mature humanitarianism revealed by the thoughts of the Person of the Central Ultimate (皇極人,至人) and Central Ultimate (皇極). Therefore, Humanitarianism in Korean thoughts clearly makes its appearance by the time of Juhng-yaug and it functions as a keyword to illuminate the entire history of Korean thoughts in reverse.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.659-662
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Multiple skin leiomyoma and uterine myoma bearing autosomal dominant traits are benign smooth muscle tumors which originate in skin or female uterus. Skin leiomyoma occurs after gene mutation originating from arrector pili muscle of hair follicle where its clinical manifestations vary significantly from person to person. Our department hereby reports the histological findings and genetic evaluations of this very rare disease. Methods: A 57-year-old woman presented in our institute with multiple tumors in the left and central parts of her back that started to appear since 19 years ago. The patient was diagnosed as having uterine myoma 15 years ago and underwent hysterectomy. Biopsy has been done on the specimen, and genomic DNA was separated from Fumarate hydratase gene for it to go through PCR amplification. The results of PCR amplification were aligned by sequencer. Results: According to the results of biopsy, tumor cells were spindle-shaped and were aligned in a bundle where there was no dysplasia or mitosis. Moreover, these cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with elongated nucleus, and benign leiomyoma that showed positive reactions to SMA stain were found. In genetic examination, mutations such as heterozygous single nucleotide substitutions were found in alignments of amplified DNA. Conclusion: Multiple skin leiomyoma and uterine myoma are relatively uncommon diseases that are transmitted through autosomally dominant traits from genetic mutations. When a patient's chief complaint lies upon skin-colored or brown masses that occur in multiples appearing in the trunk or extremities with characteristic clinical symptoms and histological findings, and when the patient's family history is acknowledged such as skin or uterine leiomyoma or renal tumor, necessary genetic examination on multiple skin leiomyoma and uterine myoma could be done, and thereby precise diagnosis could also be made.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.70-78
• /
• 1975

The investigators conducted this survey to find out prevalence of diseases and symptoms of the 812 nurses who were working at the 12 Seoul city and University's hospital in Seoul by retrospective study The results of survey were summarized as follows: 1. Distribution of Prevalence Rate of Diseases and Symptoms. 1) An average prevalence rate of diseases and Symptoms of the nurses/100 persons was 64.3 cases at Present October I.1972 2) The total number of diseases and Symptoms was 522 cases at present Oct, I 1972 for the survey nurses. The prevalence rate of following diseases/100 persons were as, foot sore-11, 3. myopia-9.7, neuralgia-9.6, anemia-9.1, insomnia-8.6 cases and the corrected number percent of prevalence rate of diseases and symptoms of the above diseases into 100 denominator were as follows : foot sore-17.6% , myopia-15.4%, neuralgia-14.9%, anemia-14.2% insomnia-13.2%. 3) The prevalence rate of diseases and symptoms/100 person for the age group of 45 and over was 140.0 cases and the age of 35-39 years was 27.3 cases. 4) The prevalence rate of diseases and symptoms/100 persons by the rotation system of nurses'duty/day were as follows: two shift system rotation-86.7 cases, three shift system rotation-67.9 cases and day duty only was 56.2 cases, 5) The prevalence rate of diseases and symptoms/100 person by the basic nursing education background seemed to be lower occurrence against to the higher education and it was 94.4 cases at the Technical Nursing High School graduates. 6) The prevalence rate of diseases and symptoms/100 persons by the marital status of the nurses were as follows; single-64.8 cases, married-48, 7 cases, and widowed-28.6 cases. II. Relationship Between working Experience and prevalence of the Disease and symptoms. 1) There were no relationship by statistical test between prevalence of eye disease and experience at the eye ward(p〉0.05), skin disease and experience at the dermatology ward (p〉0.05), foot sore and experience at the operating room (p〉0.05), varicose vein and experience at the operating room (p〉0.05), sore finger and experience at the central supply room (p〉0.05), infectious disease and experience at the isolation ward(p〉0.05). 2) There was significant relationship by statistical test between pulmonary tuberculosis and experience at the tuberculosis ward (p〉0.05) prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was five times in experienced group than non experienced group.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2021

Purpose: It is important to plan the ward module at a time when the size of beds, the floor area, and the construction budget are all set prior to the hospital design. In this context this study aims (1) to derive various factors affecting the ward module, and (2) to analyze the appropriate room module according to the type. Methods: Design factors related to hospital modules are derived through precedential studies, and the types of ward elevation are classified by reviewing the drawings of 18 case hospitals. And the detailed dimensions and area of the derived elements are analyzed. Results: The X-axis modules of the ward are switched to long span structural columns of 9.9 m, 12.6 m and 13.2 m, but the ward modules still represent 6.6 m. The Y-axis module of the ward shows a dimension of 9 to 9.9m in the process of changing a multi-person room into a four-person room. Type A of curtain wall with columns located on the wall of the room and type B of curtain wall located in the center of the room are analyzed due to their variations. The square window type, which forms the elevation of the square window by exposing the columns to the elevation, and the outframe type, which protrudes from the structural columns and beams, have elevation designs limited. There are, however, no obstacles to the interior space of the hospital room, so the wall composition and furniture arrangement are expected to be free. The ward area of Curtain Wall Type A, which can secure an effective area of 5.9m*5.0m, are 52.1m². The Curtain Wall Type A, Square window type, and the outframe type are 49.8m². Implications: As part of the hospital standard module plan for economical and reasonable hospital building planning, a type was proposed in this study in conjunction with the external design. It is hoped that it be a base for standard module research linked together to the Central Treatment department, Outpatient department and underground parking lot.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.475-496
• /
• 2017

Increasing evidence shows that ageist attitudes towards older adults develop quite early in childhood in Western culture, yet, empirical research on this topic in Korea is lacking. It has been argued that as Korea has become more youth oriented, negative views of aging have emerged and Korean children are increasingly exposured to negative stereotypes of older adults. Nuclearization of family structure and consequent reduction of intergenerational interaction is considered to be another important factor. The purpose of this study is to find out whether Korean children have ageist attitudes. Acknowledging the possibility that children tend to report in socially appropriate ways to the explicit measures of ageism, we included implicit measures of ageism. Data was collected from 570 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children selected by quota sampling. The current study used Child-Age Implicit Association Test and two other explicit measurements. The original versions were modified to be culturally applicable to the Korean context. Results indicated that when measured explicitly, children do not report preferring younger person than older person. However when measured implicitly, it was found that children at this young age already reveal negative biases toward the elderly. Contrast to the fact that the level of explicit ageism is significantly different by demographic characteristics of children, no statistical difference in the level of implicit ageism is detected. Based on the results, implications are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.172-187
• /
• 2019

Knowledge of intangible cultural heritage is usually disseminated through word-of-mouth and actions rather than written records. Thus, people assemble to teach others about it and form communities. Accordingly, to understand and spread information about intangible cultural heritage properly, it is necessary to understand not only their attributes but also a community's relational characteristics. Community members include specialized transmitters who work under the auspices of institutions, and general transmitters who enjoy intangible cultural heritage in their daily lives. They converse about intangible cultural heritage in close relationships. However, to date, research has focused only on professionals. Thus, this study focused on the roles of general transmitters of intangible cultural heritage information by investigating intangible cultural heritage communities centering around Jeongseon Arirang; a social network analysis was performed. Regarding the research objectives presented in the introduction, the main findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, there were 197 links between 74 members of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community. One individual had connections with 2.7 persons on average, and all were connected through two steps in the community. However, the density and the clustering coefficient were low, 0.036 and 0.32, respectively; therefore, the cohesiveness of this community was low, and the relationships between the members were not strong. Second, 'Young-ran Yu', 'Nam-gi Kim' and 'Gil-ja Kim' were found to be the prominent figures of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community, and the central structure of the network was concentrated around these three individuals. Being located in the central structure of the network indicates that a person is popular and ranked high. Also, it means that a person has an advantage in terms of the speed and quantity of the acquisition of information and resources, and is in a relatively superior position in terms of bargaining power. Third, to understand the replaceability of the roles of Young-ran Yu, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim, who were found to be the major figures through an analysis of the central structure, structural equivalence was profiled. The results of the analysis showed that the positions and roles of Young-ran Yu, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim were unrivaled and irreplaceable in the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community. However, considering that these three members were in their 60s and 70s, it seemed that it would be necessary to prepare measures for the smooth maintenance and operation of the community. Fourth, to examine the subgroup hidden in the network of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community, an analysis of communities was conducted. A community refers to a subgroup clearly differentiated based on modularity. The results of the analysis identified the existence of four communities. Furthermore, the results of an analysis of the central structure showed that the communities were formed and centered around Young-ran Yu, Hyung-jo Kim, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim. Most of the transmission TAs recommended by those members, students who completed a course, transmission scholarship holders, and the general members taught in the transmission classes of the Jeongseon Arirang Preservation Society were included as members of the communities. Through these findings, it was discovered that it is possible to maintain the transmission genealogy, making an exchange with the general members by employing the present method for the transmission of Jeongseon Arirang, the joint transmission method. It is worth paying attention to the joint transmission method as it overcomes the demerits of the existing closed one-on-one apprentice method and provides members with an opportunity to learn their masters' various singing styles. This study is significant for the following reasons: First, by collecting and examining data using a social network analysis method, this study analyzed phenomena that had been difficult to investigate using existing statistical analyses. Second, by adopting a different approach to the previous method in which the genealogy was understood, looking at oral data, this study analyzed the structures of the transmitters' relationships with objective and quantitative data. Third, this study visualized and presented the abstract structures of the relationships among the transmitters of intangible cultural heritage information on a 2D spring map. The results of this study can be utilized as a baseline for the development of community-centered policies for the protection of intangible cultural heritage specified in the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. To achieve this, it would be necessary to supplement this study through case studies and follow-up studies on more aspects in the future.